Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious chronic disease with high incidence, poor prognosis, and a variety of complications. Indoxyl-sulfate (IS) and p-cresol sulfate (PCS) are two typical gut-derived uremic toxins, which are produced by the co-metabolism of intestinal microbes and the host. With the progression of CKD, gut-derived uremic toxins such as IS and PCS accumulate in patients with CKD and thereafter accelerate the progression of CKD. Gut microbiota is closely related with CKD, and targeting gut microbiota to regulate gut-derived uremic toxins synthesis and metabolic pathways may be a promising strategy to delay the progression of CKD. In this paper, the relationship between gut microbiota, gut-derived uremic toxins, and CKD was analyzed, and the strategy to delay the progression of CKD by targeting gut microbiota and uremic toxins metabolism pathway was proposed.

Hepatic encephalopathy is a common metabolic neuropsychiatric syndrome in the development of end-stage liver disease. Since the concept of intestinal-liver-brain axis was proposed, the relationship between the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy and the gut microbiota has been a hot research topic. In recent years, studies have confirmed that gut microbiota is involved in and affects various pathological processes of hepatic encephalopathy. This article combines the latest research progress at home and abroad to elaborate on the research status of regulating gut microbiota and thus interfering with the pathological process of hepatic encephalopathy, hoping to provide new ideas and methods for the intervention of hepatic encephalopathy based on the regulation of gut microbiota.

Aged ; Ear Neoplasms ; pathology ; Ear, Middle ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Papilloma ; pathology

This research aims to construct a lentiviral expression vector carrying the extracelluar domain (ED) of human hepatocyte growth factor receptor (C-Met), and to express it in transfected 293T cells. The extracellular domain of C-Met was amplified by RT-PCR, ligated with lentiviral expression vector p RRL-CMV-ED, and then expressed in 293T cell line. The expressed protein was purified and identified by RT-PCR and Western blot. The enzyme digestion and sequence analysis showed that the lentiviral expression vector p RRL-CMV-ED was constructed correctly. The size of amplified genes was about 2 700 bp. The purified protein with Ni-affinity column was about 105 kD analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The Western blot and ELISA results showed that the expressed protein which could bind to HGF specifically was the extracelluar domain of human hepatocyte growth factor receptor. This research may lay a foundation for further study of anti-C-MET monoclonal antibody and neutralizing antibody.
Genetic Vectors ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Lentivirus ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection

Objective To compare the therapeutic effect of endovascular repair (EVAR) and open surgical repair(OSR) of abdominal aortic aneurysm in high-risk patients. Methods The clinical data of 55 patients from 1998 to 2008 with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm who received surgical treatment were analyzed by using the customized probability index. The perioperative and short term advantages and disadvantages of OSR group (n=20) were compared with EVAR group (n=35). Results All patients in OSR group were followed up, 94% patients in EVAR group were followed up, the mean follow up time were 75 and 70 months respectively. (1) Compared to OSR group, the EVAR group had shorter operation time [(3.1±0.6) h vs (4.9±0.9) h, P<0.05], (2) EVAR group had shorter ICU and hospital stay after operation and less blood loss (P<0.01), (3) Compared to OSR group, the EVAR group had lower mortality within 30 d(2.86% vs 15%), (4)the EVAR group had lower peri-operative complications(17% vs 40%), (5) The main complications of EVAR were endoleak (8.57%), (6) The main complications of OSR was cadiovascular incidence(25%). Conclusions Endovascular treatment, indicated for AAA in high-risk patients, can cut down the perioperative incidence of cadiovascular events, mortality and complications. CPI is useful to estimate the perioperative incidence of cadiovascular events, mortality and complications, and can be used to guide the therapeutic method.

Objective To comprehensively evaluate prevention and health care services of community health centers in Shandong province since the ongoing health reform and provide policy basis for development of community health services.Methods To study with rank sum ratio method and important quadrant models.Results Seventy-eight percent of community health centers were appraised as“average”.Overall satisfaction of residents for preventive and health services was 2.66 points.Preventive and health services of community health centers are expected to improve.Conclusion Overall prevention and health services of CHS centers were found less than satisfactory.Prevention and health services of CHS centers in regions a and B were poor,which deserves attention of the government health authorities.The government is expected to take actions to promote development of CHS centers for prevention and health care service.

Objective To detect the changes of hemodynamics in patients with portal vein embolization (PVE) before surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma, and analyze the relationship between hemodynamics and liver hypertrophy. Methods The clinical data of 21 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma who were admitted to the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital from April 2008 to December 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.Relevant hemodynamic variables were detected and analyzed before and 3, 7, 14 days after PVE. Data were processed using Student t test or linear correlation analysis. Results The main portal vein pressure after PVE was (25.9 ± 4.1 ) cm H2O ( 1 cm H2O = 0.098 kPa), which was ( 3.5 ± 2.5 ) cm H2O higher than that before PVE [( 22.4 ± 4.1 ) cm H2O] ( t = - 6. 504, P ＜ 0.05 ). The blood flow velocity in the non-embolized branch of portal vein increased after PVE, and reached peak [(26 ±9)cm/s] at the seventh day after PVE. A positive correlation was found between the hypertrophic rate of the non-embolized lobes and the ratio of embolized lobes to total liver volume ( r = 0. 593, P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion Greater scope of the embolized vascular bed of portal vein induces higher hypertrophic rate of non-embolized liver.

Objective To evaluate aneurysm sac pressure monitoring during endovascular repair (EVAR)of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Methods From April 2006 to May 2007,12 patients with abdominal aorta aneurysm underwent endovascular aneurysm repair.The average max-diameter of the aneurysm WR8(5.83±0.95)cm.The sac pressure was monitored during the whole process of the operation.The correlation between the pressure and endoleaks and long-term outcomes was observed during follow-up.Results Before the stentgraft was delivered.sac pressure was equal to the systemic blood pressure in all the 12 cases.After the EVAR wag finished,the sac systolic pressure dropped by＞40% in 11 cases,among which sac blood pressure bropped by ≥50% in 7 cases.sac pressure did not change in 1 case.In all the 12 cases,pulse pressure diminished by＞30%,and＞75%in 6 cages.During the follow-up,there were no endoleaks and death.In 5 Cases.with sac systolic pressure drop＞50%,the max-diameter of the aneurysm decreased by 1.6～3.1 mm,while in one c88e,in which sac pressure had no change the postoperative maxdiameter of the aneurysm has increased by 3.2 nma. Conclusion Abdominal aorta aneurysm sac pressure monitoring during EVAR helps to predict the change of the sac pressure after EVAR,and to detect the endoleaks.

Objective To study the anatomical characteristics of ascending aortic and aortic arch in adult Chinese. Methods From Sep 2006 to Sep 2007, we retrospectivly reviewed 388 volunteers undergoing thoracic aorta CTA in our institution. We measured the diameter of ascending aorta, aortic arch, and branch vessels of aortic arch respectively in AW4.2 work station. CHESS statistical software was used to analyze data. Results The aortic diameter above coronary artery (CA) (D1), the level at origin of brachiocephalie trunk (BCT) ( D3 ), the halfway of the AA( D2 ), the level at origin of LCCA( D4 ) , the level at origin of LSA ( D5 ) and the level at distal origin of LSA ( D6 ) respectively are: ( 34 ± 5 ) mm; ( 33 ± 4) mm; ( 34 ± 5 ) mm; ( 30 ± 4) mm; ( 28 ± 3 ) mm; ( 26 ± 3 ) mm. The diameters of two level between the origin of BCT and RSA are ( 13. 1 ± 1.9) mm, ( 12. 8±2. 3) mm, respectively. The diameter of two level at LCCA is ( 8. 7 ± 1.5 )mm and ( 7. 9 ± 1. 0) mm respectively. The diameter of two level between the origin of LSA and L-vertebral arteryis (10.7±1.7) mm,(9.3±1.3) mm, respectively. Conclusion The data of the diameter and length of ascending aort and vasculature arising from the arch abtained by CT topography in Chinese volunteers are very useful for clinical practice.

Objective To evaluate endovascular management for isolated iliac artery aneurysm (IIAA). Methods From May 1997 to Jan 2006, 15 IIAA cases underwent endovascular treatment, including 12 true aneurysms and 3 psudoaneurysms. There were 9 common iliac artery aneurysms (CIAA), 3 internal iliac artery aneurysms (IIAA) , and 3 external iliac artery aneurysms (EIAA). The average diameter was (5. 97?1. 49) cm (3. 5-9. 0 cm). IIAA was treated with metallic coils and CIAA/EIAA by stent-grafts. Results Unilateral internal iliac artery was preserved in 14 cases, and bilateral internal arteries were preserved in one case. Postoperative endoleak was found in 2 cases. There was no other major complications nor mortality. One case suffered buttock claudication because of internal iliac artery exclusion. The operation time was 1. 9?1. 1 h, blood loss was 126. 7?70. 1 ml. Patients were up and about after 2. 1?1. 1 d, hospital stay was 5.5?4.7 d. Conclusions Endovascular treatment is safe and effective for isolated iliac artery aneurysm. Internal iliac artery preservation and prevention of endoleak is of great importance.