Objective To investigate the effects of intravenous injection of α-crystallin on retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and some important organs of the Long Evans rats. Methods RGC were retrogradelabeled by fluorogold through bilateral superior colliculus and lateral geniculate body for seven days before optic nerve crush injury. Twenty-three Long Evans rats were used for this study, including three rats of normal control group and 20 rats of experimental group. Twenty rats were randomly divided into saline control group and three α-crystallin injection groups, which received tail vein injection of 1.25 ml isotonic saline and three different concentrations (1 × 10-2 , 1 × 10-1 and 1 g/L) of α-crystallin respectively, once every two days and totally seven times. After two weeks, the labeled RGC were counted, and the pathological changes on liver, kidney, brain, spleen and the lungs were investigated. Results Compared with the normal control group, although the number of RGC markedly decreased after two weeks of optic nerve crush injury in every group, the number of RGC in α-crystallin-treated groups was more than those in the saline control group. There were 2074± 150 RGC per mm2 in normal control group, 85 ± 15 RGC per mm2 in saline control group, 124±26 RGC per mm2 in 1 × 10-2 g/L α-crystallin group, 128± 31 RGC per mm2 in 1 × 10-1 g/L α-crystallin group, 164 ± 20 RGC per mm2 in 1 g/L α-crystallin group (F= 18. 660,P＜0. 01). No congestion, swelling, inflammation and other pathological changes were found in liver,kidney, brain, spleen and lung. Conclusions Intravenous injection of α-crystallin protein has protective effects on RGC after the optic nerve crush injury, and no significant effects on important organs.

Objective To summarize the clinical experience in rigid ureteroscopy for the treatment of acute obstructive renal failure. Methods From June 2005 to April 2008,totally 127 patients with acute obstructive renal failure were treated by rigid ureteroscopy in the emergency of our hospital. Using EWSL or Holmium laser,the calculi were broken into pieces smaller than 2 mm in diameter. Larger pieces were removed with clamps. Double-J stent was indwelled after the operation. Results In this series,2 patients were converted to open surgery because of failure to insert the ureteroscope owning to ureteral stenosis. In the rest of the cases,the ureteroscopy was succeeded in 151 of the 178 sides (84.8%); and the obstruction was released with double-J stent indwelling in 169 sides. The mean operation time was 34 min (16-57 min). During the operation,2 cases developed ureteral perforation and 3 had hypovolemic shock. In 17 cases (18 sides),the calculi moved back into the renal pelvis,and thus received a second EWSL. Totally 65 cases (51.2%,65/127) developed gross hematuria,and were cured spontaneously in 1 to 3 days. Conclusions Rigid ureteroscopy can be the first choice for acute obstructive renal failure,for the procedure is safe and minimally invasive,leading to quick recovery. It is applicable to bilateral ureteral obstruction.

Objective To observe and evaluate clinical therapeutic effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on malignant tumor. Methods 20 patients of malignant tumors of different nature and different stages were subjected to PDT or PDT-predominant comprehensive therapy. All the patients were followed-up, and the clinical results were analyzed. Results Among these patients, 3 tumors at early stage showed complete remission (CR), and no relapse was found in the follow-up period. Among the 17 cases with tumors in advanced stage, CR was seen in 9 cases, PR in 8, and 3 patients died of causes other than PDT after 1-6 months of follow-up. Conclusion PDT shows a curative effect on malignant tumors in early stage, and fairly good therapeutic effect on those in advanced stage. It is one of the optional treatments for malignant tumors.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of the combination of tocetaxel and cisplatin in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Thirty patients were treated with the combination for two courses. Every three weeks, tocetaxel was administrated on day 1 in a dose of 75mg/m~2 and cisplatin in dose of 30mg/m~2 from day 1 to day 3. Results Complete remission was found in two patients, partial remission in fourteen patients, in seven patients there was no change, and in seven patients there was an advance of the disease. The overall remission rate was 53.3%. The main side effects were suppression of myelopoiesis, gastrointestinal disturbance, alopecia, myalgia and arthralgia. Conclusion The combination of tocetaxel and cisplatin is effective and well-tolerated in the treatment of NSCLC.

Objective Herpes simplex virus is the pathogenic agent of human herpes simplex. There are two genotypes of herpes simplex virus, HSV-1 and HSV-2. The clinical manifestations of HSV-1 and HSV-2 overlap each other and it is difficult to differentiate them clinically. Methods developed based on genome differences are efficient ones to differentiate the two genotypes of HSV. In this study, we attempted to develop a new method to detection and genotyping human HSV in clinical samples. Methods Swab samples were collected from genital lesions of patients and placed in transport media. Samples were used to inoculate Vero cells. After appearance of the cytotoxicity, the infection mixtures were collected, and subjected to genomic DNA extraction. Based on the conservation and variation of gD of HSV-1 and HSV-2, a pair of primers amplifying both of them were designed and synthesized. Sequence of the virus were amplified and cloned into pMD-18T, and then the sequence was determined by DNA sequencing. The sequence was compared to all the known sequences in Genebank by using BLAST. According to the BLAST results, the genus and genotype of the virus was determined. Results A DNA fragment of about 200 bp was successfully amplified. This DNA fragment was cloned and sequenced. The sequence was compared with other known sequences. the results showed that this sequence had the highest homology to gD of HSV, indicating that the virus in the sample was HSV-2. The BLAST results also showed that there were some differences in the sequence of gD to those previously isolated. Conclusion DNA sequencing of PCR amplification products is an efficient and definite method to detect and genotype HSV-1 and HSV-2 which otherwise are difficult to differentiate clinically.

Objective To study the effect of tetramethylpyrazine injection on proliferation and apoptosis of human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell line Jurkat and the relevant molecular mechanisms.Methods Cells were treated with tetramethylpyrazine injection at various concentrations (0,0.25,0.50,0.75,1.00,1.25 and 1.50 mg/ml),CCK-8 method was used to detect the inhibition rates at 24,48 and 72 h.After cells were treated with different concentrations of tetramethylpyrazine injection (0,0.50,1.00 and 1.50 mg/ml) for 48 h,the cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry,and the Aurora-B and Survivin protein expression were analyzed by Western blot.Results Compared with the control group (cells without tetramethylpyrazine injection treatment),various concentrations of tetramethylpyrazine injection could effectively inhibit Jurkat cells proliferation in a time-and dose-dependent manner (P ＜ 0.05),and IC50 at 24 h,48 h and 72 h after treatment were (1.33±0.16),(0.91±0.10) and (0.67±0.11) mg/ml,respectively.After cells were treated with tetramethylpyrazine injection at different concentrations (0.5,1.0 and 1.5 mg/ml) for 48 h,the number of treated cells in G2/M phase was increased,but that in S phase was decreased,and the apoptosis rates were significantly higher than that of control group,with a dose dependence (P ＜ 0.05).The results of Western blot showed that the expression levels of Aurora-B and Survivin in treated cells were lower than that of control group,also with a dose dependence (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Tetramethylpyrazine injection can effectively inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of Jurkat cells in vitro,and its underlying mechanisms involve with down-regulation of the Aurora-B and Survivin protein expression.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of body composition monitor (BCM) in evaluating the dry weight of hemodialysis patients.Methods Fifty-four hemodialysis patients who reached the dry weight according to clinical assessment were enrolled.The volume load was measured with BCM,and the pre-dialysis blood pressure,plasma B type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and echocardiogram parameters were recorded.Results BCM results showed that,in 54 hemodialysis patients,15 patients presented overhydration and 13 patients underhydration.According to the results of BCM,all of the 15 overhydration patients and some of the 13 underhydration patients adjusted their dry weight.According to the BCM results and the pre-dialysis blood pressure,the patients were divided into 4 groups:group A (without overhydration,the pre-dialysis blood pressure ＜ 150 mmHg,1 mmHg =0.133 kPa),23 cases;group B (without overhydration,pre-dialysis blood pressure ≥ 150 mmHg),16 cases;group C (overhydration,pre-dialysis blood pressure ＜ 150 mmHg),7 cases;and group D (overhydration,pre-dialysis blood pressure ≥ 150 mmHg),8 cases.There were no significant differences in pre-dialysis,plasma BNP and the echocardiographic parameters among the 4 groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions BCM is a simple and convenient tool to evaluate the volume status of hemodialysis patients,It can give guidance of dry weight regulation.Compared with the other clinical assessment methods such as pedal edema,the blood pressure and plasma BNP,it is more accurate and practical.

Objective To introduce management of control and thinking from LIS System for providing some advice on the realization of clinical laboratory informatization. Methods Combined with our practical work, the general requirements, the overall structure, the design principles, the charging and the data security management of current information systems were analyzed. Results Under this model, LIS system was stable and secure, the laboratory workflow was also reasonable and the charging system is well in order. Conclusion The reasonable design and an overall co -ordination are required by the clinical laboratory information system, which will be better for our laboratory work and contribute much to the automation of laboratory information administration.

Objective To investigate the association of serum leptin(LEP),adiponectin(ADPN)and leptin-to-adiponectin(L/A)ratio with cardio ankle vascular index(CAVI)in the patients maintaining hemodialysis(MHD).Methods Sixty MHD patients and thirty healthy volunteers were involved in the study.The levels of LEP and ADPN were determined by ELISA.Atherosclerosis was evaluated by the cardio ankle vascular index which was measured by using a VaSera VS-1000 machine.Results The levels of serum LEP and ADPN in hemodialysis patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls([7.99 ± 1.21]μg/L vs.[4.18 ± 1.10]pg/L)and([15.12 ± 4.68]mg/L vs.[8.58 ± 2.23]mg/L),respectively,P ＜ 0.01].With the progression of atherosclerosis,the levels of serum LEP increased significantly,while the levels of serum ADPN decreased significantly.The L/A ratio was dramatically increased in patients with atherosclerosis.Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that independent risk factors associated with CAVI include age,diabetes,levels of LEP and L/A ratio.Conclusion The increased serum LEP level and decreased serum ADPN level may be involved in the progression of atherosclerosis in MHD patients.The L/A ratio may be a powerful independentpredictor for CAVI in MHD patients.

Objective:To investigate the expression of wild type estrogen receptor(wER)and the ex-on-5 deleted ER(variant ER,vER)in human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)samples,and thereafteranalyze the possibility of HCC treatment by endocrine therapy.Methods:The mRNA expressions of wERand vER were analysed from 28 cases of HCC by RT-PCR.The expression of ER at the protein level wasdetected by immunohistochemistry(IHC).Results:IHC results showed that 39.3% of the HCC speci-mens expressed ER.The mRNA of wER was detected in 89.3%(25/28)of the HCC specimens whilethat of vER was detected in 96.4%(27/28).Twenty four out of 28 HCC cases(85.7%)expressedboth wER and vER.One out of 28 patients(3.5%)expressed only wER whereas 3 patients out of 28(10.7%)expressed vER only.Conclusion:Ninety six percent(27/28)of the HCC patients expressedvER,which suggests that the expression of vER is an important event in the development of HCC.