OBJECTIVELocalization of tracheal stem cells in rat trachea.

METHODSExtracorporeal tracheal injury (Wistar rats) was induced by 5-FU. The process of regeneration was observed and analyzed by light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSTwelve hours after treatment with 5-FU, the tracheal epithelium shed and cells with naked nuclei were seen located sparsely on the basement membrane. Six hours after removal of 5-FU, the tracheal rings were covered with flattened epithelium. These cells were poorly differentiated under electron microscopy. Immunohistochemistry showed few proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-negative cells sparsely scattered among PCNA-positive cells on the basement membrane. Nine hours later, electron microscopy found that these cells differentiated into mucous cells and ciliated cells. Forty-eight hours later, the tracheal rings were entirely covered by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

CONCLUSIONSA small number of G(0) cells with naked nuclei are located sparsely on the basement membrane of the trachea. Tracheal epithelium regenerates by proliferation and differentiation of these cells. It is likely that some of these G(0) cells on the tracheal basement membrane represent tracheal stem cells.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Epithelium ; injuries ; ultrastructure ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Regeneration ; Stem Cells ; Trachea ; injuries ; pathology ; physiology ; Wound Healing ; physiology

5-10 years old were 33 cases;febrile children were 55 cases,persistent cough in 65 cases,among of those cases,the wheezing were 8 cases,nonproductive cough 45 cases,nasal discharge 7 cases in early right lung pneumonia in 38 cases,left lung pneumonia in 23 cases,pulmones involved at same time were 8 cases.Among of those children who senerated plenritis were 9 cases,pleural effussion 1 case;complication besides lung appeared 32 children.Complication of digestive and urinary system had 8 cases(11.6%),respectively.Complication of cardiovascular system had 3 cases(4.3%).Complication of nervous system and skin had 4 cases(5.8%),respectively.Complication of hematological system had 5 cases(7.2%).Eight cases(11.6%) showed damage of no more one organ,Fifty-nine cases first treated by erythromycin in vein,then by azithromycin in oral,10 cases were treated by azithromycin oral medication.Thirty-three cases fully recovered,36 cases improved.Conclusions SMPP are more founded in school children,the complication of besides lung are more serious than that of non-segmental pneumonia,it is security and relatively satisfaction to treat with erythromycin and azithromycin in sequential therapy.

BACKGROUNDContrast media administration can result in severe nephrotoxicity under pathological conditions such as diabetic nephropathy, congestive heart failure, dehydration, et al. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary hypercholesterolemia on contrast media-induced changes in renal function, blood flow, and histopathology.

METHODSRats were fed either on a normal rodent diet (group N) or a high-cholesterol supplemented diet (group H; 4% cholesterol and 1% cholic acid) for 8 weeks. Half of the animals (n = 6) from each diet group were then given a tail vein injection of 60% diatrizoate (6 ml/kg; group NC and group HC) and the other half were administered saline. Total serum cholesterol, triglyceride, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance rate, fractional excretion of sodium and potassium, and cortical nitric oxide production were determined one day following contrast media administration. Renal blood flow was determined by color Doppler flow imaging and pulsed-mode Doppler. Renal histopathology was observed by light microscopy.

RESULTSTotal serum cholesterol and resistance indices of renal blood vessels increased significantly, while creatinine clearance rate and production of nitric oxide in the renal cortex decreased markedly in group HC and group H when compared to group N and group NC. The creatinine clearance rate decreased significantly in group HC compared to group H. Serum creatinine levels and fractional excretion of sodium and potassium in group HC were significantly higher than those in the other three groups. Severe tubular degeneration and necrosis, protein cast accumulation, and medullary congestion were found in group HC.

CONCLUSIONHypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for contrast media-induced nephropathy. Hypercholesterolemia aggravates contrast media-induced nephrotoxicity through the reduced production of nitric oxide.

Animals ; Cholesterol, Dietary ; toxicity ; Contrast Media ; toxicity ; Kidney Diseases ; chemically induced ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; biosynthesis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Renal Circulation

Objective:To discuss the topical action characteristics of the biological transmission of moxibustion heat via temperature collection and numerical modeling.Methods:Temperature of moxibustion was measured at multiple points at a distance of 3 cm to obtain the moxibustion temperature field nephograms by the high-accuracy temperature measure array.Finite element analysis was used to imitate the three-dimensional dynamic distribution of temperature in acupoint tissues.Results:Through numerical analysis,the one-dimensional,two-dimensional and three-dimensional distributions of temperature in human acupoint tissues at 5 min of moxibustion were established.The result showed that moxibustion heat mainly transmitted from the surface of the tissue to the internal,and the influence of moxibustion heat decreased with the depth of the tissue.The analysis of the nephograms of acupoint tissue temperature at 5,10,15 and 20 min of moxibustion showed that with the increase of the moxibustion time,the temperature in acupoint tissues constantly rose,and the transmission depth of moxibustion heat also further expanded inside acupoint.Conclusion:By establishing the three-dimensional dynamic model of heat transmission inside acupoint tissues with the biological parameters of human tissues and the temperature values obtained,this study used finite element analysis software ANSYS 14.0 and discovered the rules in the transmission of heat in body tissues during moxibustion,and the features in moxibustion heat transmission (from the proximal to the distant) and heat penetration (from the surface to the internal).This study provides theoretical and experimental support for the application of moxibustion in clinical practice.

Hepatitis B virus infection is a serious threat to human life and health. The approved anti-HBV drugs including interferons and nucleos(t)ide analogues have serious adverse effect, rebound phenomena after drug withdrawal, and drug resistance. And the cccDNA cannot be completely eliminated by both of them, which is the reason why a complete cure for hepatitis B cannot be achieved. Therefore, developing anti-HBV drugs directly targeting protein or nucleic acid of HBV remains a current public health priority. Based on the analysis of representative literature from the last decade, this article reviews recent developments in small molecule inhibitors directly targeting HBV from a medicinal chemistry perspective.

Objective To discuss the risk factors attributing intracranial infection following brain injury operation. Methods Difference factors between intracranial infection group and non-infection group following brain injury operations were compared by retrospective analysis. Results Involved in the study were 770 cases in non-infective group and 142 cases (15.6%) in infective group, with the types of infection including nonbacterial meningitis, bacterial meningitis, cerebral ventriclitis and ventrical pus accumulation, cerebral abscess, subdural pus accumulation, subcutaneous or/and subskull flap pus accumulation or osteomyelitis, and incision infections. The rate of bacterial detection was 27.5%.Postoperative infections following brain injury surgery were related to hotter weather, advanced age of patients, severity of traumatic state, multiple operations in short time, successive or double-lateral craniotomies, long-time (＞5 h) operation, microsurgery, operation on skull base or postfossa, cerebral ventricle draining, subcutaneous or epidural hydrops, and emergency operation(P＜0.05). Conclusion It should be given more attention and prophylactic treatments for the brain injury with infective risk factors mentioned above.

BACKGROUNDGinsenosides are main components extracted from ginseng, and ginsenoside Rg3 is one of the most important parts. Ginsenoside Rg3 has been found to inhibit several kinds of tumor growth and metastasis. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on human ovarian cancer metastasis and the possible mechanism.

METHODSThe experimental lung metastasis models of ovarian cancer SKOV-3 and the assay of tumor-induced angiogenesis were used to observe the inhibitory effects of Rg3 on tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. The effect of Rg3 on invasive ability of SKOV-3 cells in vitro was detected by Boyden chamber, and immunofluorescence staining was used to recognize the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in SKOV-3 cells.

RESULTSIn the experimental lung metastasis models of ovarian cancer, the number of tumor colonies in the lung and vessels oriented toward the tumor mass in each ginsenoside Rg3 group, was lower than that of control group. The invasive ability and MMP-9 expression of SKOV-3 cells decreased significantly after treatment with ginsenoside Rg3.

CONCLUSIONSGinsenoside Rg3 can significantly inhibit the metastasis of ovarian cancer. The inhibitory effect is partially due to inhibition of tumor-induced angiogenesis and decrease of invasive ability and MMP-9 expression of SKOV-3 cells.

Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; prevention & control ; secondary ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Mice ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; prevention & control ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical results between minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar(mini-TLIF) and posterior open surgery in treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis.MethodsFrom March 2008 to August 2010,a total of 49 cases with lumbar spondylolisthesis underwent surgical intervention were retrospectively analyzed,including 23 cases with mini-TLIF and 26 with open surgery.Operation time,intra-operative bleeding,and radiation exposure times were recorded.Pre- and postoperative back pain was assessed by visual analogue scale(VAS),and lumbar function was evaluated by Oswestry disability index (ODI).The clinical results were assessed by Macnab criterion,and the pre and postoperative radiologic parameters were compared.ResultsThe mean follow-up time was 11 months(ranged,9-22).Both groups got good clinical results and satisfactory radiologic parameters.The group of mini-TLIF was superior to the group of open surgery in intra-operative bleeding,VAS of the second day postoperatively and the willingness of reoperation(P＜0.05).The ODI in the patients with open surgery were decreased from 31.2％±8.2％ to 16.1％±6.8％ corresponding to the pre-oporation and the final follow-up.The ODI in the patients with mini-TLIF were decreased from 34.4％±11.7％ to 15.3％±4.3％ corresponding to the pre-operation and the final follow-up.There is no significant difference of the change of ODI between two groups (t=0.673,P=0.412).The group of mini-TLIF need more operation time and were exposed to more X-ray when compared to the open surgery group(P＜0.05).ConclusionMini-TLIF and open surgery can both get satisfactory clinical outcomes in treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis.Mini-TLIF was superior to open surgery in intra-operative bleeding and VAS of the second day postoperatively,but it needs more operation time and radiation exposure.

The advent of the Post-Human Genome Project Era, represented by the raising of proteomics, would inevitably lead to the change of molecular biology from topical view to holistic with its thought turning from linear to complex mode. Based on the proteomics development in recent years, the authors summarized the methodology of TCM syndromatologic research, advocated in using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and bioinformatics to identify different proteins. Proteomics should be led into the research of TCM syndrome categorization and the rule of evolution, which is necessary for researching the integration of the TCM study with proteomics and even with modern molecular biology based on molecular epidemiology level. Owing to the gradually developed coherence and mutual penetration of proteomics and TCM on the thinking method in studying life science, it has denoted the necessity and importance of integration of TCM and Western medicine in investigating the complex vital life phenomena.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Proteomics ; methods

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of Valeriana officinalis var latifolia(VOL) on expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) in hypercholesterolemic rats and study its possible mechanisms.

METHODDietary-induced hypercholesterolemia was induced in male Wistar rats by given 4% cholesterol and 1% cholic acid diet for 16 weeks. Changes of serum lipid, urinary albumin, renal function and Mesangial matrix index were assessed. Moreover, immunohistochemical stain for TGF-beta 1 and type IV collagen were performed.

RESULTVOL could reduce the serum levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, urinary albumin and serum creatinine. Light microscopy and immunohistochemical stain revealed that in the same time of lowing serum lipid, Mesangial matrix index was significantly reduced, accompanied by decreased expression of TGF-beta 1 and type IV collagen.

CONCLUSIONVOL has the protective effect on lipid-induced nephropathy, and the inhibition of TGF-beta 1 expression might be the mechanism of VOL on renal protection.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Hypercholesterolemia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Kidney Glomerulus ; metabolism ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Valerian ; chemistry