Acute Disease ; therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Bloodletting ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tonsillitis ; therapy ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the infectious status,etiological spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of rotavirus (group A/B/C),calicivirus (novovirus Ⅰ/Ⅱ,sapovirus),astrovirus and enteric adenovirus in diarrhea cases below 5 years old from 2008 to 2015 in Henan provinces.Methods Totally 2541 stool samples were collected from cases below 5 years old in four sentinel hospitals.All stool specimens were tested for group A rotavirus by double antibody sandwich ELISA method.G/P genotyping of group A rotavirus was determined by nested multiplex PCR.Viral RNA was extracted from all samples and rotavirus (group B/C),calicivirus,astrovirus and enteric adenovirus were detected by two-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reation (RT-PCR)/PCR.Results One thousand four hundred and twenty-one out of 2 541 samples were positive with a total positive rate of 55 .9%,among which,102 were mixed infection.The isolation rate of rotavirus was 36.0% (914 samples)(group A:785 cases,group B:36 cases,group C:93 cases),calicivirus was 12.1 % (308 samples)(novovirus Ⅰ:64 cases,novovirusⅡ:193 cases,sapovirus:51 cases),astrovirus was 5 .9% (151 samples),enteric adenovirus was 1 .9%(48 samples).The group A rotavirus gene type combinations were composed mainly of G9P[8],G2P[4], G3P[8 ],G1P [8 ]and most cases were identified from September to November and March to May. Novovirus Ⅱ was predominant in calicivirus and most cases were identifed between March and May. Rotavirus or calicivirus infection was mainly among children aged 4—12 months or 3—5 years, respectively.Clinical manifestations included fever,diarrhea,vomiting,dehydration.Gender and region distributions differed according to the types of pathogen.Conclusions Group A rotavirus and novovirus Ⅱare the major viral pathogen in diarrhea cases younger than 5 years old in Henan province.Different viral infections exhibit extinct epidemiologic and clinical characteristics.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of neural salient serine/arginine-rich protein 1 (NSSR1) in colorectal cancer.

METHODSRT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the expression of NSSR1 mRNA and protein in different mouse tissues and human colorectal cancer, respectively.

RESULTSNSSR1 mRNA was expressed in mouse cerebrum, cerebellum, heart, liver, intestine, kidney and lung tissue, but NSSR1 protein was only expressed in neural tissues. In normal human intestinal mucosa, NSSR1 was expressed in the colorectal epithelial cells. In colorectal cancer, NSSR1 was highly expressed in the nucleus of tumor cells.

CONCLUSIONThe extensive expression of NSSR1 in colorectal cancer cells may hint it's roles in the biological function of colorectal cancer.

Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Colon ; metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rectum ; metabolism ; Repressor Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Serine-Arginine Splicing Factors

OBJECTIVETo detect the expression of PTEN, PIP3 and cyclin D1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions and analyze their correlation.

METHODSImmunohistochemistry SP method was used to detect the expression of PTEN, PIP3 and cyclin D1 in 63 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma, 29 cases of simple hyperplasia, 33 cases of dysplasia, and 25 cases of normal oral mucosa.

RESULTSThe negative or low expression of PTEN in oral squamous cell carcinoma was 25%, which was remarkably lower than that in other groups. The positive expression of PIP3 in simple hyperplasia, dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma was 66%, 64%, and 76% respectively, which were much higher than those in normal oral mucosa. The positive expression of cyclin D1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma was 49%, which was significantly higher than that in other groups. The negative correlation between PTEN with PIP3, cyclin D1 and the positive correlation between PIP3 and cyclin D1 were observed.

CONCLUSIONSPTEN may play a role in the oncogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma, and PTEN may down-regulate the expression of PIP3, and then down-regulate the expression of cyclin D1, which leads to the suppression of cell growth.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Mouth Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; metabolism ; Precancerous Conditions ; metabolism ; pathology

Breast Neoplasms ; etiology ; genetics ; therapy ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; physiology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; metabolism

A proposal is presented to improve the original complicated control of the exposure parameters in the direct radiography system (DR). The interface circuitry of the high-voltage generator is redesigned using RS-232 serial COM port. The data and signals are transmitted between the personal computer and the high-voltage generator in the serial mode. A program package is designed to realize the control of the exposure parameters of the high-voltage generator in DR on the PC machine. Experiment results have shown that the proposed console operates steadily and it is capable of providing a more convenient operation console for the direct radiography system.
Computers ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Microcomputers ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; instrumentation ; methods ; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; instrumentation ; methods ; Radiography ; instrumentation ; methods ; Software ; User-Computer Interface

Objective To observe and analyze the clinical features and prognosis of endogenous klebsiella pneumoniae endophthalmitis (EKPE).Methods This is a retrospective case series study.Seven patients (8 eyes) with EKPE were enrolled in this study.There were 3 males (4 eyes) and 4 females (4 eyes).The ages were from 39 to 76 years,the mean age was 57.29 years.All these cases had no history of trauma and surgery.Meanwhile,they all had some risk factors,such as infection,diabetes mellitus,systemic lupus erythematosus,liver abscess,renal insufficiency undergoing dialysis treatment,Hodgkin lymphoma and so on.All the eyes were undertaken visual acuity,slit lamp and fundus examination to observe the eye conditions.Seven eyes were undertaken pars plana vitrectomy with intravitreal injection of antibiotics from 2 days to 2 weeks after onset.And only one eye was undertaken intravitreal injection of antibiotics without surgery.Microbial stains and culture were performed for 7 eyes using vitreous and aqueous fluid samples from the procedures of vitrectomy.Meanwhile,culture and drug sensitive tests were performed from blood samples.According to the result of the drug sensitive tests,carbapenems such as imipenem and meropenem were used in each patient through intravenous injection from 1 to 2 weeks.During the follow up period from 3 days to 1 year,prognosis was observed at each office visit.Results From these eight eyes,presenting visual acuity was light perception (4 eyes),hand motion (3 eyes),0.1 (1 eye).Hypopyon (6 eyes),aqueous fluid opacity (2 eyes) and diffuse vitreous opacity (8 eyes) were found.Changes in fundus like optic disc,macular edema and retinal vascular occlusion could be observed.Cultures of the vitreous and aqueous fluid samples from vitrectomy were all point out to klebsiella pneumoniae.At last office visit,the visual acuity of patients with hypopyon was no light perception (1 eye),light perception (1 eye),hand motion (1 eye).The visual acuity of patients without hypopyon was 0.05 (1 eye) and 0.5(1 eye).Finally,1 eye was underwent enucleation and one patient with binocular disease was died of multiple organ failure.Conclusions EKPE is almost unilateral attacked.Changes in fundus like optic disc,macular edema and retinal vascular occlusion can be observed.EKPE is commonly associated with poor visual outcomes.It is useful to save patients' visual acuity by performing vitrectomy before hypopyon happened.

Abstract Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disease burden in China and worldwide. The state of cardiovascular health in childhood and adolescence has been shown to be a strong predictor of cardiovascular health in adulthood. The study summarizes current state of cardiovascular health evaluation methods in children and adolescents, including Life s Simple 7, Life s Essential 8, and the aggregation of cardiovascular risk factors; and relevant indicators include diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, sleep health, body mass index, blood lipids, blood pressure, blood glucose, and the application of evaluation methods, so as to provide insights for the development of cardiovascular health evaluation methods applicable to children and adolescents in China.

OBJECTIVESpinal muscular atrophy (SMA), characterized by degeneration of the anterior horn cells in the spinal cord and symmetric proximal muscle weakness, is the most common autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease in infants and children. In Caucasian population, about 95% of clinically typical patients lack both copies of the telomeric survival motor neuron gene (SMN 1). However, the detection rate of the homozygous absence in Chinese patients is still controversial, which may lead to reduced confidence in the SMA genetic testing in clinical practice. The purpose of the current study was to determine the frequency of homozygous deletions of SMN 1 in Chinese patients, to evaluate the significance of the SMN 1 homozygous deletion assay in clinical applications, and the impact of the clinical re-visit followed by the genetic testing.

METHODSTotally 85 patients initially suspected of SMA were referred for SMA genetic testing. A polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay was used to detect the homozygous absence of SMN 1. Clinical re-visit was performed by the pediatric neurology specialists according to the international SMA diagnostic criteria, and histological examinations were carried out when they were necessary.

RESULTSAbsence of both copies of SMN 1 exon 7 were found in 57 (67%) of the 85 patients, and 28 patients (33%) had at least one copy. For the 28 patients with negative results, 19 were followed up by the pediatric neurologists. The clinical diagnosis of SMA could be excluded in 15 patients, but retained in the other 4 patients after the clinical re-evaluation and histological examinations. Thus, approximately 95% of the patients with clinically typical SMA in our cohort lacked both copies of SMN 1. Homozygous deletions of SMN 1 were detected in 96% (22/23), 93% (28/30) and 100% (7/7) of the patients with SMA type I, type II and type III, respectively. There was no significant difference in the deletion frequency among the subtypes.

CONCLUSIONSThe frequency of homozygous deletions of SMN 1 in this series of Chinese SMA patients was about 95%, which is similar to that reported in Caucasian population. The genetic test of homozygous deletions of SMN 1 should be considered as the first line test for the Chinese patients suspected of SMA. The clinical re-visit and re-evaluation which is essential in clinical diagnosis, genetic counseling and medical management, should be routinely performed after the genetic testing.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Exons ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Genetic Testing ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Muscular Atrophy, Spinal ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Survival of Motor Neuron 1 Protein ; genetics

OBJECTIVE To explore the potential effect and mechanisms of protopanaxadiol deriva-tive 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)-3-(3-dehydroxyl-20(s)-protopa- naxadiol-3b-yl)-urea (DDPU) in the treatment of Alzheimer disease.METHODS ELISA assay was performed in both HEK293-APPswe and CHO-APP cells to demonstrate the efficacy of DDPU in reducing Ab level.SH-SY5Y,primary neurons and astrocyte cellswereused to study the regulation of DDPU against the signaling pathways involved in Aβ/ER-stress pathology. APP/PS1 transgenic mice wereusedto study the regulation of DDPU against ADL and cognitive deficits. APP/PS1 transgenic mice were randomly placed into three groups (n=10):The two 6-month transgenic groups were administrated with 30 mg·kg-1DDPU or vehicle and the 6-month non-transgenic group was administrated with vehicle for 100 days by intraperitonealinjec-tion.After 100-day administration,nest construction assay and Morris water maze(MWM)assay were applied to evaluate the daily living activities and cognitive abilities of the mice with continuous DDPU treatment. Upon completion of behavior assays, mice were euthanized, and the brains were removed and bisected in mid-sagittal plane.The right hemispheres were frozen and stored at-80°C,and the left hemispheres were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. RESULTS DDPU effectively improved learning and memory impairments in APP/PS1 transgenic mice, and the underlying mechanisms have been inten-sively investigated. DDPU reduced Ab production by inhibiting the PERK/eIF2a signaling-mediated BACE1 translation, while promoted Ab clearance as a PI3K inhibitor thus negatively regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in promotion of autophagy.Moreover,DDPU also exhibited neuroprotective effect by attenuating ER stress. Therefore, all findings have clearly demonstrated the crosstalk between Ab and ER stress, and confirmed that targeting ER stress should be a potential target for innovative anti-AD drug development,while highlighted the potential of DDPU in the treatment of AD.