Adult ; Aged ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A ; therapeutic use ; Dysphonia ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged

Background Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a major blindness-causing disease,characterized by elevated intraocular pressure due to an insufficient outflow of aqueous humor. The trabecular meshwork lining the aqueous outflow pathway modulates the aqueous outflow facility. To study the biological characteristics of the trabecular meshwork cells has important significance. Objective This study was to culture the trabecular cells from primary open-angle glaucomatous eye (POAG) and study the biologic characteristics of passaged cells. Methods The deep scleral tissue with trabecular meshwork was obtained during the trabeculectomy from 8 eyes with POAG. The trabecular cells were primarily cultured and passaged in vitro. The generation 3 cells were identified by immunochemistry with the laminin (LM), fibronectin (FN) and neuron specific endolase (NSE)monoclonal antibodies. The ultrastructure was examined to observe the biological characteristics of the cells under the transmission electronic microscope. The experimental results were compared among POAG group, normal control group and blank control group. Results The primarily cultured POAG trabecular cells migrated from the edge of tissue mass about 10 days. The cells of generation 3 presented the logarithmic phase in the first 4 days and fused in the 7th day. FN,LM and NSE were positively expressed in the generated cells in POAG group and normal control group rather than blank control group. The MOD values of the generation 3 cells for FN in POAG group and normal control group were 0. 35 ± 0.06 and 0. 26 ± 0. 01, and those for LM were 0. 34 ± 0. 03 and 0. 25 ± 0. 02 respectively, showing statistically significant difference between these two groups ( FN: t = 14. 446, P＜0.001; LM: t = 9. 346, P＜0. 001 ). The microvilli, cytolysosome and phagocytic vesicle were obviously decreased in the trabcular cells of POAG group compared with normal control group under the transmission electron microscope. Conclusion The trabecular meshwork cells from POAG can be successfully cultured and passaged in vitro. It provides a cytology basis for further glaucoma research.

Objective To evaluate the role of silent information regulator fac tor 2-related enzyme 1 (SIRT1)/Forkhead Box O3 (FoxO3a) signaling pathway in berberine pretreatment-induced reduction of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-caused injury to hepatic parenchymnal cells.Methods Hepatic parenchymal cells obtained from AML12 mice were cultured and seeded in 6-well plates (2 ml/well) and in 96-well plates (200 μl/well) at the density of l×l06 cells/ml.The cells were divided into 4 groups (n=36 each)using a randomn number table:control group (group C),group H/R,berberine pretreatment group (group BP) and SIRT1-siRNA group (group SS).The cells were cultured in normal culture atmosphere (5％ CO2-21％ O2-74％ N2) in group C.In H/R,BP and SS groups,the cells were exposed to hypoxic air (5％ CO2-1％ O2-94％ N2) for 12 h,followed by 6 h reoxygenation in normal culture atmosphere (5％ CO2-21％ O2-74％ N2).In group SS,small interference RNA targeting SIRT1 (SIRT1-siRNA) was added to the culture medium at 24 h prior to hypoxia.Berberine (final concentration 5 μmol/L) was added at 2 h prior to hypoxia in BP and SS groups.At the end of reoxygenation,the cell viability was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay,the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry,the expression of SIRT1 and FoxO3α was detected by Western blot,and the acetylation of FoxO3α was measnred by using immunoprecipitation.Apoptotic rate was calculated.Results Compared with group C,the cell viability was significantly decreased,the MDA content was increased,the SOD activity was decreased,apoptotic rate was increased,the expression of SIRT1 and ratio of FoxO3α expression in nucleus/in cytoplasma were increased,and the acetylation of FoxO3α in the nucleus was increased in H/ R,BP and SS groups (P＜ 0.05).Compared with group H/R,the cell viability was significantly increased,the MDA content was decreased,the SOD activity was increased,apoptotic rate was decreased,the expression of SIRT1 and ratio of FoxO3α expression in nucleus/in cytoplasma were increased,and the acetylation of FoxO3α in the nucleus was increased in group BP (P＜0.05).Compared with group BP,the cell viability was significantly decreased,the MDA content was increased,the SOD activity was decreased,apoptotic rate was increased,the expression of SIRT1 and ratio of FoxO3α expression in nucleus/in cytoplasma were decreased,and the acetylation of FoxO3α in the nucleus was decreased in group SS (P＜O.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which berberine pretreatment attenuates H/R-caused injury to hepatic parenchymal cells is related to promotion of SIRT1 expression in cells and inhibition of FoxO3α acetylation in the nucleus.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of Taoshi Jiangu Decoction for osteoporosis(OP). Methods A total of 120 cases of OP patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group ,60 cases in each group. Patients in the treatment group were treated with Taoshi Jiangu Decoction orally,and those in the control group were treated with Caltrate D and Alendronate Sodium Tablets orally. Four weeks constituted one treatment course, and the treatment for the two groups covered 3 courses. The therapeutic effect of the two groups was evaluated by the changes of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,urine hydroxyproline (U-HYP),serum bone Gla-protein (BGP or osteocalcin),serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP),urine calcium (U-Ca),tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), bone mass density(BMD) and quantitative CT(QCT) before and after treatment. Results (1)After treatment, the TCM syndrome scores of the two groups were decreased(P<0.05 compared with those before treatment),and the decrease in the treatment group was superior to that of the control group (P < 0.05). (2)After treatment,the levels of bone formation indexes of ALP and BGP were increased,and the levels of bone resorption indexes of U-HYP,U-Ca and TRAP were decreased in the two groups (P<0.05 compared with those before treatment). The effects of the treatment group were superior to those of the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P < 0.05).(3)After treatment,BMD of lumbar vertebrae 2-4 (L2-L4),neck of femur,Wards triangle and trochanter of femur,and QCT values of left neck of femur were obviously increased in the two groups (P < 0.05 compared with those before treatment). The treatment group showed stronger effect on increasing BMD and QCT values than the control group, the difference being statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Taoshi Jiangu Decoction can restrain bone absorption , promote bone formation and increase BMD, showing certain therapeutic effect for OP.

OBJECTIVETo study therapeutic effects between hook plate fixation and modified Weaver-Dunn surgery for the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation.

METHODSForty patients with fresh acromioclavicular joint dislocations of type III according to Rockwood classification were reviewed. All the patients were divided into two groups: hook plate fixation group and modified surgery group. There were 20 patients in hook plate fixation group, including 13 males and 7 females, with an average age of (37.45 +/- 14.29) years old; 12 patients had injuries in the left and 8 patients had injuries in the right; preoperative Constant-Murley score was 40.75 +/- 10.40. And there were 20 patients in modified surgery group,including 11 males and 9 females, with an average age of (41.65 +/- 14.83) years old; 11 patients had injuries in the left and 9 patients had injuries in the right; preoperative Constant-Murley score was 42.75 +/- 8.18. The Lazzcano standard, Constant-Murley score and imaging changes were used to evaluate shoulder joint function before and after surgery.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up,and the duration ranged from 7 to 32 months,with an average of 24 months. According to Lazzcano evaluation, 16 patients got an excellent result,3 good and 1 poor in modified surgery group with no re-dislocation, and 1 patient had pain more than middle degree; while in hook plate fixation group, 9 patients got an excellent result, 7 good and 4 poor, 1 patient had re-dislocation, and 3 patients got pain more than middle degree. The therapeutic effects of modified surgery group were better than those of hook plate fixation group. Constant-Murley scores:preoperative 42.75 +/- 8.18 vs 93.40 +/- 4.04 at the latest follow-up in modified surgery group; preoperative 40.75 +/- 10.40 vs postoperative 88.40 +/- 4.81 and 92.05 +/- 4.49 at the latest follow-up in hook plate fixation group. The postoperative scores all improved compared to preoperative scores in two groups. And there was no statistical difference of scores at the latest follow-up between two groups.

CONCLUSIONThe surgery of allograft tendon transplantation combined with anchor fixation to strengthen coracoclavicular ligament, as well as part transposition of acromiocoracoid ligament and resection at the distal part of clavicle may got safety fixation and less postoperative complications compared with hook plate internal fixation.

Acromioclavicular Joint ; injuries ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Plates ; Case-Control Studies ; Clavicle ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orthopedic Procedures ; instrumentation ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Appropriate selection and measurement of lead biomarkers of exposure are critically important for health care management purposes, public health decision making, and primary prevention synthesis. Lead is one of the neurotoxicants that seems to be involved in the etiology of psychologies. Biomarkers are generally classified into three groups: biomarkers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility.The main body compartments that store lead are the blood, soft tissues, and bone; the half-life of lead in these tissues is measured in weeks for blood, months for soft tissues, and years for bone. Within the brain, lead-induced damage in the prefrontal cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum can lead to a variety of neurological disorders, such as brain damage, mental retardation, behavioral problems, nerve damage, and possibly Alzheimer's disease, Parkinsons disease, and schizophrenia. This paper presents an overview of biomarkers of lead exposure and discusses the neurotoxic effects of lead with regard to children and adults.
Alzheimer Disease ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; psychology ; Animals ; Behavior ; drug effects ; Biomarkers ; metabolism ; Brain ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Brain Diseases ; chemically induced ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Lead ; pharmacokinetics ; toxicity ; Lead Poisoning ; etiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; psychology ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes ; etiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; psychology ; Parkinson Disease, Secondary ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; psychology ; Schizophrenia ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology

Realgar-containing Niuhuang Jiedu tablet (NHJD) has been applied in clinic for more than 800 years. However, because realgar contains arsenic (As), it has aroused wide concerns and controversies both at home and abroad. Currently, there are two misunderstandings about realgar-containing Chinese patent medicines. First, some people exaggerated realgar's toxicity as that of arsenic. Second, they recommended to remove realgar from traditional Chinese medicine compounds. In this paper, the authors summarized the advance in studies on NHJD, and proposed different opinions: (1) It is inappropriate to take total As as the index in safety evaluation of NHJD. (2) The toxicity of NHJD is dependent on the dose and duration of administration. (3) Realgar is an active ingredient of NHJD, and shall be deeply studied. Classic realgar-containing traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, such as Niuhuang Jiedu tablet, shall be evaluated with rigorous modern scientific basis, with the aim to guide rational and safe application.
Animals ; Arsenicals ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects ; methods ; Sulfides ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Tablets ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of length of tibial stump on proprioceptive recovery after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

METHODSFrom March 2011 to December 2011,42 patients with ACL tear were performed with reconstruction. The patients were divided randomly into three groups: group A, the patients with remained length of tibial stump ranging from 15 to 20 mm, including 8 males and 6 females, with an average age of (28.2 ± 6.6) years old; group B, the patients with remained length of tibial stump ranging from 5 to 10 mm, including 9 males and 5 females, with an average age of (27.9 ± 6.4) years old; group C, the patients with remained length of tibial stump less than 2 mm, including 9 males and 5 females, with an average age of (28.6 ± 6.8) years, old. The stability of knee were assessed by Lanchman test and anterior drawer test. The function of knee was assessed by Lysholm score and Tegner activity rating. The proprioceptive recovery was evaluated by assessing the passive reproduction of the angles with limb movement into flexion and extension in no weight bearing position.

RESULTSLanchman test and anterior drawer test of all patients were negative at 6 months postoperatively., and there was one case of positive outcome in each group at 12 month and 18 month postoperatively. Lysholm score and Tegner activity score of all patients at 18 month postoperatively were significantly better than that preoperatively, and there were no significant difference among three groups at 18 month postoperatively. There were no significant difference in the production of the angles at flexion to 20° and extention to 80° and 20° among these groups before and after operation. The reproduction of the angles of group A and B at flexion to 50° and extention to 50° at 6 month postoperatively were significantly better than that of group A and B preoperatively and that of group C at 6 month postoperatively, and there were no significant difference among three groups at 18 month postoperatively. The reproduction of the angles of group A and B at flexion to 80° at 12 month postoperatively were significantly better than that of group A and B preoperatively and that of group C at 12 month postoperatively, and there were no significant difference among three groups at 18 month postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONPreservation of tibial stump in ACL reconstruction has benefit in proprioceptive recovery at early stage postoperatively and the length of tibial stump should be reserved with a range from 5 to 10 mm.

Adult ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Male ; Proprioception ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Tibia ; chemistry ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Young Adult

Epilepsy is a complications of brain injury or stroke,and is a common diseases in reha-bilitation or neurology department.Transcranial magnetic stimulation as a classical treatment means for stroke or brain injury,but also can promote the recovery of epilepsy.However,there is no clear clinical re-port for safety of epilepsy patients use both donepezil and transcranial magnetic stimulation .The article re-views the literature.Clinicians maybe provided some help.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on kidney injury induced by liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Twenty-four healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 220-250 g,aged 8-10 weeks,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S);liver I/R group (group I/R);dexmedetomidine group (group D).In group I/R,liver I/R model was established by clamping the portal vein,hepatic artery,supra-and infra-hepatic vena cava for 40 min,followed by 6 h of reperfusion in anesthetized rats.In group D,dexmedetomidine 100 μg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 30 min before skin incision.The equal volume of normal saline was given instead of dexmedetomidine in S and I/R groups.At 6 h of reperfusion,blood samples were collected from the infra-hepatic vena cava for determination of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) concentrations (by automatic biochemical analyzer) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) concentrations in serum (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).After blood sampling,the rats were sacrificed,and kidneys were harvested for examination of histopathological changes (with light microscope) and for determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) content (using thiobarbituric acid method) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (by xanthine oxidase method),expression of activated caspase-3 (by immuno-histochemistry),and apoptotic cells (using TUNEL).Apoptotic rate was calculated.Results Compared with group S,the serum BUN,Cr and TNF-α concentrations were significantly increased,the concentration of serum IL-10 was decreased,the MDA content and apoptotic rate were increased,the SOD activity was decreased,and the expression of activated caspase-3 was up-regulated in I/R and D groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group I/R,the serum BUN,Cr and TNF-α concentrations were significantly decreased,the concentration of serum IL-10 was increased,MDA content and apoptotic rate were increased,the SOD activity was decreased,the expression of activated caspase-3 was down-regulated (P＜0.05),and the histopathological changes of renal tissues were attenuated in group D.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can reduce kidney injury induced by liver I/R in rats,and the mechanism is probably related to inhibition of inflammatory responses,lipid peroxidation and cell apoptosis.