Integration and sharing of biological samples are the most effective approach for making use of their stock and improving their utilization efficiency. Although great success has been achieved in development of Biolog-ical Samples Library in China, efforts are not made in promoting sample resource sharing. The problems in develop-ment of Biological Samples Library were thus summarized in this paper by content analysis, such as no unified crite-ria, poor administrative management, and imperfect ethical supervision of sample sharing.

Abstract: Objective Methods Toevaluatetheriskofhearinglosscausedbyworkplacenoiseinurbanrailtransitenterprises. Noiseexposedworkers from eight rail transit lines in an urban rail transit enterprise was selected as the research subjects - usingconvenientsamplingmethod.Thenoiseintensitywasdetected,andtheriskofnoise inducedhearinglosswaspredictedby Results the method of the International Organization for Standardization. The incidence of noise exceeded the standard detection points was 8.3% (175/2 101) from 2016 to 2018. For risk classification in interval tunnel repairmen, higher risk was predictedattheageof40yearsoldandwiththelengthofserviceof20years,andhighriskwaspredictedattheageof50or60 yearsoldwiththelengthofserviceof30or40years.Theriskclassificationofstationinspectoratthepredictedageof 50years oldandthepredictedageof30yearswasnegligible,anditwasacceptableatthepredictedageof60yearsoldandthepredicted ageof40years.TheriskgradesofmaintenanceworkersinvehicledepotundertheabovetwopredictedconditionsweremediumConclusionrisk,whiletheriskclassificationofdriversunderwasacceptablerisk.Therailtransitenterprisehasacertain degreeofnoisehazardsintheoperationprocess.Theriskanddegreeofhearinglosscausedbynoiseincreaseswiththeincrease ofthelengthofservice.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea ; surgery ; Craniotomy ; Encephalocele ; Humans ; Mastoid ; surgery

Objective Successful experience of biobank sharing in several developed countries or areas are analyzed to provide some reference for China.Methods This article reviews the sharing measures of biobanks in some developed countries or areas,such as United States,European Union countries,and summaries their successful experience on organization structure,operating mechanism and corresponding service.Results Based on their own characteristics,suitable sharing organizational structunes,unified standards and pubilc information platforms have been established in these developed countries.They kept improving the sharing rules and processes,as well as corresponding service.Conclusions As to the problems of biobank sharing in China,we suggest that we should establish the system of resources sharing,make standards of biobank building,promote the standardization of the existing biobanks,construct the national information platform and formulate favorable polices for biobank sharing.

Objective: To know the pre-treatment drug resistance ( PDR ) status of newly reported human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) infected individuals in Wenzhou, so as to provide guidance for antiretroviral therapy ( ART ). Methods: Totally 232 plasma samples of newly reported HIV-1 infected individuals who had not received ART were collected in Wenzhou in 2019. Virus ( HIV-1 ) RNA was extracted, followed by reverse transcription PCR and nested PCR to amplify the pol region and sequence. Resistance mutations and resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors ( NNRTIs ), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors ( NRTIs ) and protease inhibitors ( PIs ) was analyzed. Results: The pol region sequences from 199 infected patients were obtained and the incidence of PDR was 8.04% ( 16/199 ). Eight genotypes were detected, including circulating recombinant forms ( CRFs ) CRF07_BC ( 47.24%, 94/199 ) and CRF01_AE ( 29.15%, 58/199 ) which were the dominant types. Two unique recombinant forms ( URFs ) were detected, namely URF( CRF01_AE/BC ) and URF( B/C ) . Thirty-one cases ( 15.58% 31/199 ) had drug-resistant mutations. For NNRTIs, NRTIs and PIs, 20 cases ( 64.52% ) , 2 cases ( 6.45% ) and 9 cases ( 29.03% ) with drug resistance mutations were detected, respectively. The resistance mutations to NNRTIs included K101E, K103N/R, V106I, E138K, V179D/E/T, Y181C, G190A and H221Y. Four cases each had two resistance mutations to NNRTIs. The resistance mutations to NRTIs were V75M and M184V. The resistance mutations to PIs were M46I, L33F and Q58E. For the newly released NNRTI drug Doravirine ( DOR ), two cases were found to have mutations of resistance. Conclusions The incidence of PDR among newly reported HIV-1 patients in Wenzhou is 8.04%, mainly caused by NNRTIs drug-resistant mutation. Resistance to the new drug DOR has emerged. The surveillance of drug resistance should continue to be strengthened.

OBJECTIVETo summarize the clinical features of invasive pulmonary fungal infection (IPFI) secondary to malignant blood diseases (MBD).

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 52 patients with IPFI secondary to MBD admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1995 to December 2008.

RESULTSThe incidences of IPFI secondary to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and aplastic anemia (AA) were 4.6%, 3.2%, 2.8%, and 2.5%, respectively. In patients with IPFI secondary to AML, 88.5% (23/26) of the patients suffered from the infections during the non-remission (NR) period (including relapse), and 11.5% (3/26) in the complete-remission (CR) period. In all the patients with IPFI secondary to malignant blood diseases, 86.5% (45/52) of MBD were neutropenic or agranulocytic, and 67.3% (35/52) had been treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics for more than 96 hours before anti-fungal therapy. The total mortality after anti-fungal therapy was 13.7% (7/51). More than half of patients with fluconazole or itraconazole as the first-line therapy had to switch to other medicines because of poor infection control.

CONCLUSIONSIPFI secondary to MBD is most common in AML patients. Patients with NR of AML, neutropenia or agranulocytosis, and long-term broad-spectrum antibiotics usage are susceptible to IPFI. Fluconazole and itraconazole have low efficacy, and other more potent anti-fungal medicines should be considered.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; complications ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Fungal ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical effificacy of electroacupuncture (EA) on treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA) of Shen ()-Sui () insuffificiency (SSI) syndrome type.

METHODSA total of 245 patients (279 knees) of KOA-SSI were randomly assigned to two groups by lottery: 141 knees in the treatment group and 138 knees in the control group. The treatment group was managed with EA at the dominant points of Neixiyan (Ex-LE4) and Waixiyan (Ex-LE5) as well as the conjugate points of Xuanzhong (GB39) and Taixi (KI3) for 30 min, once a day, with 15 days as one course; 2 courses were applied with a 5-day interval in between. The control group was treated with intra-articular injection of 2 mL hyaluronic acid into the affected joint every 7 days for 5 times in total. The clinical effects on the patients in different stages were observed, and their symptom scores of knee and contents of cytokines, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), prostaglandin E(2alpha) (PGE(2alpha)) and matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3), in the knee joint fluid were measured before and after treatment.

RESULTSThe study was completed in 235 patients (263 knees); four patients (7 knees) in the treatment group and six patients (9 knees) in the control group dropped out. Comparison of therapeutic effects (excellent and effective rates) between the two groups showed insignificant differences (P>0.05). Symptom scores of knee and contents of cytokines in the knee flfluid after treatment were lowered signifificantly in the patients of stage I-III in both groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). However, the lowering of the total symptom score of knee in the patients of stage III in the treatment group was more signifificant (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSEA could effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms in KOA patients of stage III, showing an effect superior to that of hyaluronic acid. EA also shows action in suppressing the secretion of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, PGE(2alpha) and MMP-3 in the knee flfluid.

Aged ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Electroacupuncture ; adverse effects ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; diagnostic imaging ; enzymology ; therapy ; Radiography ; Syndrome ; Synovial Fluid ; enzymology ; Treatment Outcome

This study aims to explore the molecular regulation mechanism of the differential accumulation of flavonoids in the leaves and roots of Sarcandra glabra. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS) and high-throughput transcriptome sequencing(RNA-seq) were employed to screen out the flavonoid-related differential metabolites and differentially expressed genes(DEGs) encoding key metabolic enzymes. Eight DEGs were randomly selected for qRT-PCR verification. The results showed that a total of 37 flavonoid-related differential metabolites between the leaves and roots of S. glabra were obtained, including pinocembrin, phlorizin, na-ringenin, kaempferol, leucocyanidin, and 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid. The transcriptome analysis predicted 36 DEGs associated with flavonoids in the leaves and roots of S. glabra, including 2 genes in the PAL pathway, 3 genes in the 4CL pathway, 2 genes in the CHS pathway, 4 genes in the CHI pathway, 2 genes in the FLS pathway, 1 gene in the DFR pathway, 1 gene in the CYP73A pathway, 1 gene in the CYP75B1 pathway, 3 genes in the PGT1 pathway, 6 genes in the HCT pathway, 2 genes in the C3'H pathway, 1 gene in the CCOAOMT pathway, 1 gene in the ANR pathway, 1 gene in the LAR pathway, 2 genes in the 3AT pathway, 1 gene in the BZ1 pathway, 2 genes in the IFTM7 pathway, and 1 gene in the CYP81E9 pathway. Six transcription factors, including C2H2, bHLH, and bZIP, were involved in regulating the differential accumulation of flavonoids in the leaves and roots of S. glabra. The qRT-PCR results showed that the up-or down-regulated expression of the 8 randomly selected enzyme genes involved in flavonoid synthesis in the leaves and roots of S. glabra was consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. This study preliminarily analyzed the transcriptional regulation mechanism of differential accumulation of flavonoids in the leaves and roots of S. glabra, laying a foundation for further elucidating the regulatory effects of key enzyme genes and corresponding transcription factors on the accumulation of flavonoids in S. glabra.
Metabolome ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Flavonoids ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Transcriptome ; Transcription Factors/metabolism*

In the research on cancer theranostics, most environment-sensitive drug delivery systems can only achieve unidirectional and irreversible responsive changes under pathological conditions, thereby improving the targeting effect and drug release performance of the delivery system. However, such irreversible changes pose potential safety hazards when the dynamically distributed delivery system returns to the blood circulation or transports to the normal physiological environment. Intelligent reversible drug delivery systems can respond to normal physiological and pathological microenvironments to achieve bidirectional and reversible structural changes. This feature will help to precisely control the drug release of the delivery system, prolong the blood circulation time, improve the targeting efficiency, and avoid the potential safety hazards of the irreversible drug delivery system. In this review, we describe the research progress of intelligent reversible drug delivery system from two main aspects: controlled drug release and prolonged blood circulation time/enhanced cellular internalization of drug.

Objective:To study the mechanism of Tiaogeng decoction in improving apoptosis of hypothalamic neurons through c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. Method:The GT1-7 cell line of hypothalamic neuron cells treated by tributyltin chloride (TBTC) was used to induce a model of neuronal apoptosis, with 17β-estradiol as a positive drug. They were divided into control group, model group (1 mg·L^-1), 17β-E₂ group(100 nmol·L^-1) and low, middle and high-dose Tiaogeng decoction groups (31.25,62.5,125 mg·L^-1). The cell morphology was observed under a fluorescent inverted microscope, and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to detect the cell viability. The cell nuclear morphology and the apoptosis rate of hypothalamic neurons were detected by Hoechst 33258 and Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide(PI) double staining. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1(ASK1), JNK, p53 and cleaved Caspase-3 of JNK pathway in GT1-7 cell. Western blot was used to analyze apoptosis-associated protein apoptosis signal-regulated kinase 1 (ASK1), JNK, p53, cleaved Caspase-3 expressions in JNK pathway and phosphorylation of JNK after intervention with JNK inhibitor SP600125, protein expression level of cleaved Caspase-3. Result:Compared with normal control group, the cell viability of the model group was significantly decreased (P<0.01), whereas the apoptotic rate was significantly increased (P<0.01). The expressions of phosphorylated ASK1(p-ASK1), p-JNK, phosphorylated p53 (p-p53) and cleaved Caspase-3 increased significantly (P<0.01). After intervention with Tiaogeng decoction, compared with model group, the activity of GT1-7 cells was significantly improved(P<0.01), while the apoptotic rate was decreased (P<0.01). The expressions of p-ASK1, p-JNK, p-p53, and cleaved Caspase-3 proteins were down-regulated. High-dose Tiaogeng decoction combined with SP600125(10 μmol·L^-1)treatment significantly inhibited the expressions of p-JNK and cleaved Caspase-3 in GT1-7 cells (P<0.01). Conclusion:Tiaogeng decoction can improve the apoptosis of hypothalamic neurons through JNK pathway, and provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of menopausal syndrome and central nervous system protection.