Integration and sharing of biological samples are the most effective approach for making use of their stock and improving their utilization efficiency. Although great success has been achieved in development of Biolog-ical Samples Library in China, efforts are not made in promoting sample resource sharing. The problems in develop-ment of Biological Samples Library were thus summarized in this paper by content analysis, such as no unified crite-ria, poor administrative management, and imperfect ethical supervision of sample sharing.

Abstract: Objective Methods Toevaluatetheriskofhearinglosscausedbyworkplacenoiseinurbanrailtransitenterprises. Noiseexposedworkers from eight rail transit lines in an urban rail transit enterprise was selected as the research subjects - usingconvenientsamplingmethod.Thenoiseintensitywasdetected,andtheriskofnoise inducedhearinglosswaspredictedby Results the method of the International Organization for Standardization. The incidence of noise exceeded the standard detection points was 8.3% (175/2 101) from 2016 to 2018. For risk classification in interval tunnel repairmen, higher risk was predictedattheageof40yearsoldandwiththelengthofserviceof20years,andhighriskwaspredictedattheageof50or60 yearsoldwiththelengthofserviceof30or40years.Theriskclassificationofstationinspectoratthepredictedageof 50years oldandthepredictedageof30yearswasnegligible,anditwasacceptableatthepredictedageof60yearsoldandthepredicted ageof40years.TheriskgradesofmaintenanceworkersinvehicledepotundertheabovetwopredictedconditionsweremediumConclusionrisk,whiletheriskclassificationofdriversunderwasacceptablerisk.Therailtransitenterprisehasacertain degreeofnoisehazardsintheoperationprocess.Theriskanddegreeofhearinglosscausedbynoiseincreaseswiththeincrease ofthelengthofservice.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea ; surgery ; Craniotomy ; Encephalocele ; Humans ; Mastoid ; surgery

Objective Successful experience of biobank sharing in several developed countries or areas are analyzed to provide some reference for China.Methods This article reviews the sharing measures of biobanks in some developed countries or areas,such as United States,European Union countries,and summaries their successful experience on organization structure,operating mechanism and corresponding service.Results Based on their own characteristics,suitable sharing organizational structunes,unified standards and pubilc information platforms have been established in these developed countries.They kept improving the sharing rules and processes,as well as corresponding service.Conclusions As to the problems of biobank sharing in China,we suggest that we should establish the system of resources sharing,make standards of biobank building,promote the standardization of the existing biobanks,construct the national information platform and formulate favorable polices for biobank sharing.

Objective: To know the pre-treatment drug resistance ( PDR ) status of newly reported human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) infected individuals in Wenzhou, so as to provide guidance for antiretroviral therapy ( ART ). Methods: Totally 232 plasma samples of newly reported HIV-1 infected individuals who had not received ART were collected in Wenzhou in 2019. Virus ( HIV-1 ) RNA was extracted, followed by reverse transcription PCR and nested PCR to amplify the pol region and sequence. Resistance mutations and resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors ( NNRTIs ), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors ( NRTIs ) and protease inhibitors ( PIs ) was analyzed. Results: The pol region sequences from 199 infected patients were obtained and the incidence of PDR was 8.04% ( 16/199 ). Eight genotypes were detected, including circulating recombinant forms ( CRFs ) CRF07_BC ( 47.24%, 94/199 ) and CRF01_AE ( 29.15%, 58/199 ) which were the dominant types. Two unique recombinant forms ( URFs ) were detected, namely URF( CRF01_AE/BC ) and URF( B/C ) . Thirty-one cases ( 15.58% 31/199 ) had drug-resistant mutations. For NNRTIs, NRTIs and PIs, 20 cases ( 64.52% ) , 2 cases ( 6.45% ) and 9 cases ( 29.03% ) with drug resistance mutations were detected, respectively. The resistance mutations to NNRTIs included K101E, K103N/R, V106I, E138K, V179D/E/T, Y181C, G190A and H221Y. Four cases each had two resistance mutations to NNRTIs. The resistance mutations to NRTIs were V75M and M184V. The resistance mutations to PIs were M46I, L33F and Q58E. For the newly released NNRTI drug Doravirine ( DOR ), two cases were found to have mutations of resistance. Conclusions The incidence of PDR among newly reported HIV-1 patients in Wenzhou is 8.04%, mainly caused by NNRTIs drug-resistant mutation. Resistance to the new drug DOR has emerged. The surveillance of drug resistance should continue to be strengthened.

Refractory prolactinoma is the most common pituitary neuroendocrine tumor.Dopamine receptor agonists(DA)are the primary choice for drug treatment.Most patients with prolactinomas respond well to DA.However,a minority of prolactinomas patients still show resistance to DA.Although drug-resistant and refractory prolactinomas are rare in clinical practice,their treatment is extremely challenging.Even a combination of drug therapy,multiple surgeries,and radiotherapy may not yield satisfactory outcomes.Therefore,standardizing the diagnosis and treatment process and pathway for refractory prolactionmas and exploring more effective multidisciplinary collaborative treatment strategies are urgent problems to be solved.In the clinical management of refractory prolactinomas,it is often necessary to consider the patient's condition comprehensively,replace other types of DA,or consider surgery,radiotherapy,and immunotherapy,which requires multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment.This review synthesizes the latest literature at home and abroad to systematically discuss the latest advances in drug therapy,surgery,and radiotherapy treatments for refractory prolactionmas,aiming to provide new ideas for basic research,clinical diagnosis and treatment.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical effificacy of electroacupuncture (EA) on treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA) of Shen ()-Sui () insuffificiency (SSI) syndrome type.

METHODSA total of 245 patients (279 knees) of KOA-SSI were randomly assigned to two groups by lottery: 141 knees in the treatment group and 138 knees in the control group. The treatment group was managed with EA at the dominant points of Neixiyan (Ex-LE4) and Waixiyan (Ex-LE5) as well as the conjugate points of Xuanzhong (GB39) and Taixi (KI3) for 30 min, once a day, with 15 days as one course; 2 courses were applied with a 5-day interval in between. The control group was treated with intra-articular injection of 2 mL hyaluronic acid into the affected joint every 7 days for 5 times in total. The clinical effects on the patients in different stages were observed, and their symptom scores of knee and contents of cytokines, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), prostaglandin E(2alpha) (PGE(2alpha)) and matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3), in the knee joint fluid were measured before and after treatment.

RESULTSThe study was completed in 235 patients (263 knees); four patients (7 knees) in the treatment group and six patients (9 knees) in the control group dropped out. Comparison of therapeutic effects (excellent and effective rates) between the two groups showed insignificant differences (P>0.05). Symptom scores of knee and contents of cytokines in the knee flfluid after treatment were lowered signifificantly in the patients of stage I-III in both groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). However, the lowering of the total symptom score of knee in the patients of stage III in the treatment group was more signifificant (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSEA could effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms in KOA patients of stage III, showing an effect superior to that of hyaluronic acid. EA also shows action in suppressing the secretion of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, PGE(2alpha) and MMP-3 in the knee flfluid.

Aged ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Electroacupuncture ; adverse effects ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; diagnostic imaging ; enzymology ; therapy ; Radiography ; Syndrome ; Synovial Fluid ; enzymology ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo summarize the clinical features of invasive pulmonary fungal infection (IPFI) secondary to malignant blood diseases (MBD).

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 52 patients with IPFI secondary to MBD admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1995 to December 2008.

RESULTSThe incidences of IPFI secondary to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and aplastic anemia (AA) were 4.6%, 3.2%, 2.8%, and 2.5%, respectively. In patients with IPFI secondary to AML, 88.5% (23/26) of the patients suffered from the infections during the non-remission (NR) period (including relapse), and 11.5% (3/26) in the complete-remission (CR) period. In all the patients with IPFI secondary to malignant blood diseases, 86.5% (45/52) of MBD were neutropenic or agranulocytic, and 67.3% (35/52) had been treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics for more than 96 hours before anti-fungal therapy. The total mortality after anti-fungal therapy was 13.7% (7/51). More than half of patients with fluconazole or itraconazole as the first-line therapy had to switch to other medicines because of poor infection control.

CONCLUSIONSIPFI secondary to MBD is most common in AML patients. Patients with NR of AML, neutropenia or agranulocytosis, and long-term broad-spectrum antibiotics usage are susceptible to IPFI. Fluconazole and itraconazole have low efficacy, and other more potent anti-fungal medicines should be considered.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; complications ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Fungal ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the effects of the fenofibrate on glu-cose and lipids metabolism and beta cell function in high -fat diet in-duced Aged-C57 obese mice.Methods Male high-fat diet induced Aged-C57 obese mice selected by insulin tolerance test ( ITT) were di-vided into two groups , model group was orally administered by gavage with water , fenofibrate group at a dose of 100 mg? kg -1? d-1 for about 8 weeks.The C57 healthy mice was as normal group ( n =14 ) .Fasting plasma lipids , glucose , insulin levels were detected at the end of treat-ment.ITT and hyperglycemic clamp were determined .Pancreas morpho-logy changes and βcell mass were evaluated by hematoxylin -eosin and Gomori stainnings.The changes of mRNA expression in the pancreas were also analyzed by Real -time PCR.Results Fenofibrate signifi-cantly improved insulin sensitivity in high -fat diet induced Aged -C57 obese mice.Fasting plasma glucose , triglyceride and insulin levels were decreased increased after 50 days fenofibrate treatment ( P <0.01 , P<0.05, P<0.05).In addition, pancreatic Ca2+levels (P<0.05) and activities of ATPase (P<0.01) were also significantly increased after fenofibrate treatment .It was shown that fenofibrate up -regulated the pancreatic mRNA ex-pression of PDX1, INS1 and PKB (P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.01).Moreover, the mRNA expression of RYR3 and SERCA2 associated with calcium ions release were increased in fenofibrate group (P<0.001, P<0.01).Conclusion These results indicated that chronic administration of fenofibrate improved dyslipidemia and glucose homeostasis in high-fat diet induced Aged-C57 obese mice , which is related to up-regulation of the pancreatic expression of some factors, which involved in insulin biosynthesis and calcium release .

This study aims to explore the molecular regulation mechanism of the differential accumulation of flavonoids in the leaves and roots of Sarcandra glabra. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS) and high-throughput transcriptome sequencing(RNA-seq) were employed to screen out the flavonoid-related differential metabolites and differentially expressed genes(DEGs) encoding key metabolic enzymes. Eight DEGs were randomly selected for qRT-PCR verification. The results showed that a total of 37 flavonoid-related differential metabolites between the leaves and roots of S. glabra were obtained, including pinocembrin, phlorizin, na-ringenin, kaempferol, leucocyanidin, and 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid. The transcriptome analysis predicted 36 DEGs associated with flavonoids in the leaves and roots of S. glabra, including 2 genes in the PAL pathway, 3 genes in the 4CL pathway, 2 genes in the CHS pathway, 4 genes in the CHI pathway, 2 genes in the FLS pathway, 1 gene in the DFR pathway, 1 gene in the CYP73A pathway, 1 gene in the CYP75B1 pathway, 3 genes in the PGT1 pathway, 6 genes in the HCT pathway, 2 genes in the C3'H pathway, 1 gene in the CCOAOMT pathway, 1 gene in the ANR pathway, 1 gene in the LAR pathway, 2 genes in the 3AT pathway, 1 gene in the BZ1 pathway, 2 genes in the IFTM7 pathway, and 1 gene in the CYP81E9 pathway. Six transcription factors, including C2H2, bHLH, and bZIP, were involved in regulating the differential accumulation of flavonoids in the leaves and roots of S. glabra. The qRT-PCR results showed that the up-or down-regulated expression of the 8 randomly selected enzyme genes involved in flavonoid synthesis in the leaves and roots of S. glabra was consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. This study preliminarily analyzed the transcriptional regulation mechanism of differential accumulation of flavonoids in the leaves and roots of S. glabra, laying a foundation for further elucidating the regulatory effects of key enzyme genes and corresponding transcription factors on the accumulation of flavonoids in S. glabra.
Metabolome ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Flavonoids ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Transcriptome ; Transcription Factors/metabolism*