0.05).Conclusion MSCs could derive to cardiomyocyte-like cells after induction and incubation for 4 weeks in vitro,of which Ca~(2+)/CaMKⅡ is similar to the normal cardiomyocytes cells.

Objective To analyse CT and DSA appearances of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,and to improve understanding of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Methods Plain and enhanced CT scanning were performed in 17 patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma pathollogically proved,6 patients(6/17) performed dynamic CT scanning,5 performed DSA examinations.Results Pre-contrast CT scanning was a single low density lesions in all patients,post-contrast CT scanning showed slightly inhomogeneous enhancement in 17 patients,3 patients(3/17) showed low density unenhancement area with margin enhancement,2 patients delayed enhancement;Intrahepatic billary delatation was found in 15 patients and was within the lesion in 10 patients(10/15);On DSA,5 patients showed enlaragement increasment and rigidity of supplying arteries and tumour stain.Conclusion CT scanning and DSA were important,investigative methods for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,the billary dilatations with slightly inhomogeneous enhancement lesions is important sign in diagnosising intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

AIM:To perform a new method for orbital implant and contracted socket through one time and its results. ·METHODS:Totally 114 patients 114 eyes, from January 2008 to June 2014, with contracted socket participated in this study. We incised the bulbar conjunctiva horizontally and excised scar tissue, then implanted the hydroxyapatite in the four extraocular muscles and tightly sutured the Tenon ' capsule. After that, we put the superior and inferior conjunctival petals backwards and sutured them to the Tenon ' s capsule. All the patients were divided into four groups according to the vertical diameter length of the conjunctival defect area:GroupⅠ:≤5mm; Group Ⅱ: 6-10mm; Group Ⅲ: 11-15mm; and Group Ⅳ: ≥16mm. These patients were followed up for 6mo to 3y to observe the conjunctival sac shaping and growth of conjunctiva. ·RESULTS:There were 64 cases in GroupⅠ, 31 cases in Group Ⅱ, 16 cases in Group Ⅲ and 3 cases in Group Ⅳ. All patients ' conjunctival defect was covered by new conjunctiva and scar tissue 4 to 6wk after surgeries. Ten cases had contracted socket; 2 cases had orbital implant exposure, requiring reoperation. Of the 114 cases, 8 had contracted socket and could use a smaller conformer, 106 could use a normal size conformer. ·CONCLUSION: When the conjunctival defect was ≤15mm, this new method can address the orbital implant and contracted socket at the same time. While it was ≥16mm, flap transplantation is necessary.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of different composition structures of total paeony glycoside (TPG) component and total phenolic acid of Ligusticum chuanxiong ( TLPA) on sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4) -induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) hypoxic injury. The baseline geometric proportion was used to design different components structure. And then the best structure of components by cell injury model were optimized.

METHODA HUVEC hypoxic injury model was established by being induced of Na2S2O4. Cell viability was measured by MTI colorimetric method, intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase( LDH) levels, nitric oxide (NO) contents were measured by kits. At last, Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of two proteins, Bcl-2 and Bax.

RESULTCompared with the model group, TPG component, TLPA component at different composition structures can significantly increase SOD activity and decrease MDA, LDH, NO levels (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Paeoniae Radix Rubra and Chuanxiong Rhizoma components can downregulate the expression of Bax protein and upregulate the expression of Bcl-2 protein. The ratio of Bcl-2 and Bax was significantly increased (P < 0 01, P < 0 05), it means that cell apoptosis was inhibited. The results indicate that among all the component composition structures, TPG and TLPA component at the proportion of 8: 2 had the best protection on hypoxic injury of endothelial cells.

CONCLUSIONTPG component and TLPA component can resist HUVEC hypoxia injury, the protective effect was the most evident under the structure of 8: 2, which may be due to the inhibition of intracellular lipid peroxidation and cell apoptosis.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Glycosides ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hydroxybenzoates ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Hypoxia ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rhizome ; chemistry

Recent years, chemical constituents from spice volatile oils have gained worldwide concern owing to its multiple pharmacological effects and safety for using as the natural antibacterial agents. However, their poor dissolution, strong volatility, serious irritation, weak stability, easy oxidation and low bioavailability characteristics are the major obstacle in the preparation of effective oral formulation and practical application. Therefore, there is an urgent need to select a novel carrier system that can delivery the chemical constituents from spice volatile oils more efficiently with improving their stability as well as alleviating the irritation, and develop the functional food, health products and even medicine for exerting their pharmacological effects, which also is the focus and nodus of the research on their application. This review presents recent systematic studies on their novel carrier systems, including cyclodextrin inclusion complex, liposomes, nanoemulsions, nanoparticles, solid dispersion and so on, and summarizes the characteristics, application range and problems of each novel carrier systems, in order to provide some beneficial thoughts in further developing new products of chemical constituents from spice volatile oils.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; instrumentation ; methods ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Spices ; analysis

Streptomyces sp. A048 was cultured in a complete medium to the last stage of log phase,the hyphae were washed and collected by centrifugation. Then the hyphae were inoculated in liquid medium for chitinase production using two-step fermentation. Activity of chitinase produced by two-step fermentation was 1.1 times higher than that from one-step fermentation,and ferment cycle was for 54 hours,which was 66 hours shorter than that of one-step fermentation. The hyphae and the powder of chitin were co-immobilizated and cultured in liquid medium for 36 hours,activity of chitinase was 1.8 times higher than that from one-step fermentation,and ferment cycle was 54h shorter than that of one-step fermentation. By adding 0.4% cellulose to two-step fermentation,activity of chitinase was 18.52 U/mL that was 4 times higher than that from the control and 10 times higher than that from one-step fermentation. Two step fermentation with chitin and cellulose may be the optimal fermentation process to produce Chitinase from Streptomyces sp. A048.

Yinchenzhufu decoction (YCZFD) is a classic formula for treating Yin Huang syndrome, which can improve liver injury caused by cholestasis. However, the mechanism of action of YCZFD still remains unclear. This article used network pharmacology, molecular docking, animal experiments, and molecular biology methods to explore the mechanism of YCZFD in treating liver injury caused by cholestasis. A mouse model of acute cholestasis induced by lithocholic acid was used to investigate the effects of YCZFD on liver injury. The experimental procedures described in this paper were reviewed and approved by the Ethical Committee at the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (approval NO. PZSHUTCM190823002). The results showed that YCZFD could reduce the levels of blood biochemical indicators and improve hepatocyte damage of cholestatic mice. Then, multiple databases were used to predict the corresponding targets of YCZFD active components on cholestatic liver injury. An intersection target protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks based on String database and Cytoscape software was used to demonstrate the possible core targets of YCZFD against cholestatic liver injury. The results indicated that core targets of YCZFD include tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1β, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src, interleukin-6, etc. GO (gene ontology) and KEGG (kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) enrichment analysis indicated that YCZFD may regulate the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway, bile secretion, and other related factors to ameliorate the cholestatic liver injury. AutoDockTools software was used to perform molecular docking verification on the core targets and components of YCZFD. To verify the results of network pharmacology, UPLC-MS/MS method was used to determine the effect of YCZFD on levels of bile acid profiles in mouse liver tissues. It was found that treatment with YCZFD significantly reduced the content of free bile acids, taurine bound bile acids, and total bile acids in the liver tissues of cholestatic mice. Then, results from real time PCR and Western blot also found that YCZFD can upregulate the expression of hepatic nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor, metabolizing enzyme (UDP glucuronidase transferase 1a1), and efflux transporters (bile salt export pump, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, multidrug resistance-associated protein 3, etc) in cholestasis mice, promote bile acid metabolism and excretion, and improve bile acid homeostasis. Moreover, YCZFD can also inhibit pyroptosis and inflammation by regulating NOD-like receptors 3 pathway, thereby inhibiting cholestatic liver injury.

The effect of magnetic Fe3O4 particles on cellulase in the enzymatic hydrolysis of sunflower seed hull was studied in different adding ways and additive amount. In the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of sunflower seed hull, the variations of cellulase activity, reducing sugar concentration and cellulose conversion were evaluated. After the reaction, the analysis of pH and surface tension of hydrolysate were also used to determine the mechanisms of cellulase by the magnetic effect. The results indicated that after adding magnetic Fe3O4, the cellulase activity, reducing sugar concentration and conversion of cellulose had an increased between the 0.5 g/L and 2.0 g/L cases after 48 h. When the additive amount of magnetic Fe3O4 was 2 g/L, the cellulase activity at 60 h was improved significantly by 25.9%. It was found that the concentration of reducing sugar was increased from 6.950 mg/mL to 8.775 mg/mL with magnetic Fe3O4 1.5 g/L. Simultaneously, compared with the blank, which the conversion of cellulose was 47.932%, the maximum celluloseconversion of samples with adding magnetic Fe3O4 was 60.531%. Besides, the stability of cellulase activity adding in times was better than in one time. After the reaction, the final surface tension of hydrolysate with 1.5 g/L magnetic Fe3O4 was the lowest in comparison with the blank. However, no significant differences were observed in the final pH of the hydrolysate.

Objective To observe the expression changes of Cx 37, Cx 40 and Cx 43 of superior mesenteric arteries (SMA) and their significance following hemorrhagic shock in rats. Methods SMA was removed from normal or shocked SD rats at different time points (immediately, 30 minutes, 1,2, 3 and 4 hours after shock) for detection of mRNA and protein expressions of Cx 37, Cx 40 and Cx 43. Fur- thermore, the effect of Cx 40 or Cx 43 (Cx 40 AODN or Cx 43 AODN) on SMA's vasomotor reactivity induced by myricetin or acetylcholine was studied by antisense oligndeoxynucleotide. Results The ex- pressions of Cx 37 and Cx 40 of SMA were gradually decreased within 2 hours after shock and significantly increased at 3 and 4 hours after shock. While expression of Cx 43 was gradually increased at 0. 5, 1 and 2 hours after shock and significantly decreased at 3 and 4 hours after shock. Cx 40 AODN significantly in- creased the vasomotor reactivity induced by myricetin or acetylcholine while Cx 43 AODN exerted an inh- ibitive effect. Conclusions Cot 40 and Cx 43 participate in regulating endothelium-dependent vasomo- tar reactivity following hemorrhagic shock. Cx 40 has an inhibitive effects on endothelium-dependent vaso- motor reactivity but Cx 43 can promote such reactivity.

To evaluate the protective effects of intravitreal injection of cannabinoid HU - 211 for optic nerve in glaucoma rats, providing the experimental evidence in the treatment of glaucoma optic nerve injury.
●METHODS: Glaucoma rats (18 eyes) were modeled by electric coagulation sclera surface vein and randomized into 3 groups, group A received intravitreal injection of 1mg/ 0. 1mL cannabinoid HU - 211 every other day respectively; group B was given intravitreal injection of 0. 1mL water every other day, group C was high intraocular pressure (lOP) group, 6 eyes were randomly selected for blank control group ( group D). lOP was observed every day. The rats were sacrificed after treatment 4wk, froze retina section, HE stain. The density fluctuation of retinal ganglion cell ( RGC ) neurons assessment the optic nerve of rat model with chronic high lOP glaucoma were measured.
●RESULTS: The apoptosis and damage degree of RGC in group B was obviously higher than that in group A, with statistically significant difference (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in groups B and C (P >0. 05).
●CONCLUSlON: lntravitreal injection of cannabinoid HU-211 shows obvious protective effect on optic nerve in glaucom rat models.