Objective To analyze the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype in the diseases associated with HPV infection and explore the role of HPV genotype in these diseases. Methods Retrospective analysis was carried out to compare HPV genotypes of 353 outpatients suffering the diseases associated with HPV infection including cervical caner,cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN),genital duc condyloma,and subclinical cervical human papillomavirus infection (SPI) in our department from January to October 2008. HybriMax were used to detect HPV genotype. The distribution data of HPV genotype were statistically analyzed. Results Totally 176 HPV positive females were found with a positive rate of 49.86%. HPV positive rate in cervical cancer was 100%,and all of them were high risk HPV. The positive rate was increased with the severity of CIN,and the higher histological-grade was,the higher HPV positive rate was (P

BACKGROUND:In order to promote the recovery of nerve function after peripheral nerve injury, we should try to accelerate the regeneration of injured nerve axons on one hand, and try to improve the accuracy of proximal and distal nerve docking on the other hand. OBJECTIVE:To explore the selective regeneration of nerve axons after peripheral nerve injury in models with crush injury and freeze injury. METHODS:Total y 110 healthy male Sprauge-Dawley rats, 8 weeks old, were selected and randomly divided into three groups. The rates received crush injury, freeze injury and normal control ed surgery on femoral nerve trunk. At 2, 3, 6 and 12 weeks after modeling, general behavioral examination was performed, and then pure blue and red fluorescence were used to label the wrong-way ingrowth saphenous nerve and correct ingrowth femoral nerve muscular branches respectively;retrograde labeling the motor neurons in order to observe the distribution and amount of tracer in spinal cord anterior horn;electrophysiological examination was performed at 8 weeks after modeling, and analyzed statistical y. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Rats from both crush injury group and freeze injury group displayed decreased motion radius of hind limbs after surgery, and the stretch function was limited;but with time prolonging, the functions were recovered. The motor evoked potentials could be observed at the quadriceps, and there was no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). The number of neurons stained red in the spinal cord anterior horn was increased gradual y in both crush injury group and the freeze injury group under fluorescence microscope. The number of neurons stained red in the crush injury group was significantly higher than that in the freeze injury group (P<0.05), and the number of blue-stained and purple-stained neurons was decreased gradual y. The results suggest that keeping the perineurium intact can gain accurate docking in axon regeneration and the recovery of injured limb functions, even though the damaged range is large.

BACKGROUND:There is a high prevalence of spinal tuberculosis in developing countries. Beside systematic chemotherapy, there are stil some patients who need surgical treatment at certain phase of systematic treatment. However, there is no standard method for surgical treatment of spinal tuberculosis yet. OBJECTIVE:To systematical y evaluate the effect of anterior approach and posterior approach through consulting the literatures on the comparison between anterior approach and posterior approach for the treatment of spinal tuberculosis. METHODS:The PubMed database, Medline database, Elseveir database, Wanfang database and CNKI database were searched with the key words of“thoracolumbar tuberculosis, control ed randomized trial, RCT, anterior, posterior”in Chinese and English. The randomized control ed trials on the comparison between anterior approach and posterior approach for the treatment of spinal tuberculosis were included. The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, correction degree of Cobb angle, loss of Cobb angle at final fol ow-up, al ograft fusion time, total hospital stay and the excellent and good rate of the effectiveness were compared by Revman5.1 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 1 438 articles were screened out, and final y 9 randomized control ed trials were included. The total number of patients was 692, in which 324 were treated with anterior approach and 368 were treated with posterior approach. The operative time of anterior approach of 46.25(40.23, 52.26) minutes was less than that of posterior approach;the intraoperative blood loss of anterior approach of 148.91(135.12, 1 625.70) mL less than that of posterior approach;the correct degree of Cobb angle of anterior approach of 2.40°(2.21°, 4.62°) was smal er than that of posterior approach;the loss of Cobb angle of anterior approach of 0.66°(0.41°, 0.91°) was larger than that of posterior approach;the total hospital stay of anterior approach of 0.34 (-0.32,1.01) days was less than that of posterior approach;the al ograft fusion time of anterior approach was less than that of posterior approach for 0.26 (0.18, 0.34) months;the number of cases with excellent and good effect of anterior approach was more than that of posterior approach for 1.18(-0.48, 2.85);there were significant differences in operative time, intraoperative blood loss, correct degree of Cobb angle, loss of Cobb angle at final fol ow-up and al ograft fusion time between anterior and posterior approaches (P<0.01). The results showed that there were significant differences in operative time, intraoperative blood loss, correct degree of Cobb angle, loss of Cobb angle at final fol ow-up and al ograft fusion time between anterior and posterior approaches for the treatment of spinal tuberculosis, but there were no significant differences in total hospital stay and surgical efficacy.

To investigate the plasma thioredoxin-interacting protein ( TXNIP ) levels in different glucose tolerance groups and discuss the relationship between TXNIP and insulin resistance/β-cell dysfunction in diabetes and prediabetes, and to investigate the potential relationship between TXNIP and interleukin-1β( IL-1β) . According to oral glucose tolerance test, 93 participants were divided into 3 groups:diabetes mellitus group, prediabetes group, and normal glucose tolerance group. Plasma TXNIP, IL-1β, and other biochemical indices were measured. The relationship between TXNIP and glucose, IL-1β, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR) , and homeostasis model assessment forβcell function ( HOMA-β) were analyzed by using multiple linear regression techniques and Pearson’s linear correlation analysis. Plasma TXNIP level was higher in prediabetes group compared with normal glucose tolerance group, but lower in prediabetes group compared with diabetes mellitus group[(355. 35±31. 88 vs 274. 36±33. 86, 426. 16±63. 15)pg/ml, P<0. 01 or P<0. 05]. TXNIP was positively correlated with IL-1βand HOMA-IR, but negatively correlated with HOMA-β. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that IL-1βexerted significant influence on TXNIP ( P<0. 05 ). Plasma TXNIP level is affected by blood glucose concentration. There is a close relationship between TXNIP and IL-1β. In prediabetes patient, the TXNIP levels have already been raised.

The abnormality of ubiquitin proteasome pathway is an important factor leading to the imbalance of protein homeostasis. In this process, the deubiquitinase responsible for removing the ubiquitin chain of protein substrate is very important. Its abnormal activity or expression can cause the functional changes of key oncogenic/tumor suppressor proteins, which directly or indirectly lead to the occurrence, development and malignant evolution of tumors. Based on this, the discovery and research of small molecule inhibitors targeting deubiquitinases have become a hot field of anti-tumor candidate drugs. This review will focus on the regulatory effect and mechanism of ubiquitin proteasome pathway, especially deubiquitinase on tumor, introduce the application of deubiquitinase small molecule inhibitors in tumor treatment, and discuss the research status and latest progress of small molecule inhibitors, so as to provide ideas for the research of new anti-tumor strategies based on deubiquitinase.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of the atlanto-axial pedicle screw internal fixation to reconstruct upper cervical spine instability. Methods Using atlanto-axial pedicle screw and internal fixation system combined with autogenous iliac bone graft to treat 21 patients with upper cervical spine instability. Type Ⅱ odontoid process old fracture was 13 patients, odontoid process nonunion was 5 patients, injury of the transverse ligament was 3 patients. They were placed in 84 atlanto-axial pedicle screws, autogenous bones were placed in the posterior arch of atlas and axis to fusion, so that atlanto-axial complex got stabilized. Results The left lateral cortical bone of atlas vertebral pedicle was broken by screws in 2 patients, but the spinal cord and vertebral artery was intact. X-ray film showed the atlas and the fracture of dens of axis was completely replaced in all patients. The position of screw and vertebral artery or spinal cord was good in CT image. According to JOA score standard, 15 cases of all were excellent, 3 cases were good,2 cases were common,1 case was bad, and the rate of excellent and good was 85.71%(18/21).Seventeen cases were followed up for 12-26 (12.83 ± 4.23) months, all patients had acquired bone fusion and found no screw and plate fracture. Conclusions Atlanto-axial pedicle screw combined with screw-plate system fixation to treat upper cervical spine instability, can significantly enhance the biomechanical stability of the atlanto-axial interbody, bone grafting fusion rate is higher, the application value of the atlanto-axialfusion is higher.

OBJECTIVE: To study the bioequivalence of tegaserod maleate dispersible tablets in healthy volunteers.METHODS: A single oral dose of 6mg test or reference preparations of tegaserod maleate was given to 22 healthy volunteers in a randomized crossover study.The plasma concentrations of tegaserod were determined by LC/MS/MS assay.RESULTS: The main pharmacokinetic parameters of test and reference products were as follows: tmax(0.86? 0.22) and(1. 01? 0.24) h;Cmax(2.21? 0.69) and(2.05? 0.64) ng? mL1;AUC0～ 17(6.35? 2.48) and(6.47? 1.99) ng? h? mL-1,AUC0～ ∞(6.69? 2.59) and(6.70? 2.03) ng? h? mL-1,respectively.The relative bioavailability of test to reference preparation was(98.2? 22.1) %.CONCLUSION: The reference preparation and the test preparation are bioequivalent.

Objective To investigate the morphological changes in the sciatic nerve and the dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) and also gene expression in DRGs after non-freezing cold injury, and to explore the molecular mechanism of peripheral nerve cold injury and regeneration. Methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats were used. The sciatic nerve on one side was cooled to 4℃ for 2 h, and the sciatic nerve on the opposite side was exposed, but without cooling. Sciatic nerves and L4, L5 and L6 DRGs from both sides were harvested at the 1st, 2nd and 3rd week after cooling. Any pathological changes were observed using light and electron microscopy. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) was used to investigate the DRG neurons' gene expression. The array result was verified with RT-PCR for eight genes. Results Large fiber degeneration was obvious by the 7th day after cooling. Myelinated fiber regeneration had begun by the 14th day, so this time was chosen to explore the neurons' gene expression. Ninety-six genes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were up-regulated greater than 2 fold. Their proteins' functions were classified as adaptive response to external stimulus, apoptosis regulation, cell adhesion, immune and inflammation response,nerve regeneration, pain associated molecules, microtubule cytoskeleton, ion-channels, neurotransmitters and receptors, and neuropeptides. Conclusions A complex molecular mechanism is involved in cold injury and regeneration of the sciatic nerve, and many genes are involved. Large scale microarray analysis is a potent means to screen out related genes, thus suggesting future repair strategies.

To implement the effective docking and optimization of a new community comprehensive management information system and cardiocerebrovascular disease-related auxiliary system for a communitybased information platform for intelligent chronic disease management.The cooperation of community team and a distinct division of labors were enforced according to standard operating procedures.This mode of patient-centered medical home (PCMH) could offer scientific and effective management,promote the rational classification of medical and two-way referral systems and improve service efficiency and management capabilities for the goals of achieving a reasonable allocation of medical resources and saving medical costs.

Aim To Compare the quality of Pinellia Tubers between Nanchong Sichuan and relevant areas in order to standardize plant and to provide evidence for further exploitation and application. Methods Expectorant experiment was conducted with methods of washing mice's respiratory tract with phenol red and antitussive effect, with ammomia caused mice cough. Results In the experiment of expectorant effect, oral administration of the water or the ethanol extracts of pinellia Tubers showed no obvious expectorant effect, it also showed no significant difference compared with control NS. In the antitussive effect experiment, however the water or the ethanol extracts of pinellia Tuhers prolonged the incubation period and reduced the frequency of coughing. It presented significant difference compared with the control NS and clear time-effect relationship. Conclusion Pinellia Tubers from Nanchong Sichuan and relevant areas showed no apparent expectorant effect and have destinct antitussive effect. As for antitussive effects, water extracts were stronger than those of ethanol extracts, and wild Pinellia Tubers outmatched planted ones. Antitussive effect of wild Pinellia Tubers samples was rather stronger from Nanchong, Guangan, Suining, and Liangshan of Sichuan and Xihe Gansu.