OBJECTIVETo assess the efficiency of the PDL in the treatment of PWS in Chinese patients with skin type III-IV.

METHODS252 patients with PWS at different anatomical sites were retrospectively studied. A flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser was used. The differences in therapeutic effect of laser were analyzed in the following ways: (1) by dermatomal distribution of face and neck; (2) by anatomical subdivision of face; (3) by the size of the lesion. The therapeutic effect was graded as 0 < or = poor < 25%, 25% < or = fair < 50%, 50% < or = good < 75%, 75% < or = excellent < or = 100%.

RESULTSIt revealed that the lesions at neck had the best response. The dermatome II zone showed the least response to PDL. Among the anatomical subdivision of face, the frontal area had the highest clearance, while the zygoma and cheek had the lowest clearance. Patients with PWS on the extremities respond less favorably with the fair lightening effect. Furthermore, the mean lightening was decreased as the size of PWS was increased.

CONCLUSIONSThe response difference of PWS to PDL was not only related to the anatomical region, but also related to the lesion size. It is imperative to give the patients rational treatment suggestion and normal expectation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Lasers, Dye ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Port-Wine Stain ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDRenal transplantation in sensitized candidates remains a highly significant challenge worldwide. The production of panel reactive antibody (PRA) against human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is a major risk factor in presensitized recipients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of HLA matching and recipients' PRA on two-year outcome in presensitized renal allograft recipients.

METHODSWe determined the percentage of panel reactivity and specificity of anti-HLA immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies in 73 presensitized renal allograft recipients compared with 81 unsensitized recipients (control group). HLA genotyping of both recipients and corresponding donors was performed by PCR with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). We analyzed the factors influencing the early graft outcome (two-year rejection rates and survival rates of the grafts), including HLA mismatching, class and degree of panel reactivity, and target antigen of donors.

RESULTSPresensitized recipients had a worse two-year outcome than unsensitized recipients (P = 0.019 for rejection rate, P = 0.01 for survival rate). The difference in number of HLA-mismatched alleles with either 6-antigen matching (Ag M) standard or amino acid residue matching (Res M) standard was not significant between the rejection and non-rejection groups of presensitized recipients or between the graft survival group and graft loss group. Compared with the control group, recipients with both PRA-I and PRA-II antibodies had a significantly worse two-year outcome (P = 0.001 for rejection rate, P = 0.002 for survival rate). The two-year outcomes of the peak PRA >/= 50% group and its subgroup, at-transplant PRA > or = 50% group, were significantly worse compared with the control group (P = 0.025 and P = 0.001 for rejection rate, P = 0.043 and P = 0.024 for survival rate). The rejection rates of the at-transplant target antigen positive group and its subgroup, HLA-I target antigen positive group, were significantly higher than the control group (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001), target antigen negative group (P = 0.003 and P = 0.001), and peak target antigen positive with negative at-transplant target antigen group (P = 0.024 and P = 0.002). Two-year graft survival rates of the target antigen positive group and HLA-I target antigen positive group were significantly lower than the control group (P = 0.012 and P = 0.001). The two-year outcome of target antigen unknown group was similar to that of the target antigen positive group. Presensitized recipients with pre-transplant plasmapheresis or immunoadsorption (PRA prepared group) had a better but non-significant two-year outcome than the control group. However, the PRA unprepared presensitized recipients were different to the control group (P = 0.004 for rejection rate and P = 0.005 for survival rate). Hyperacute rejection (HR) occurred in three recipients with positive HLA-I target antigen and without mismatch according to Res M and in one case with positive PRA-II (for an unknown target antigen). No HR occurred in eight cases with positive HLA-II target antigens.

CONCLUSIONSPre-transplant PRA preparations might improve the access of presensitized patients to renal donors. Avoiding antigen-positive donors remains a fundamental measure in preventing HR and early rejections.

Adult ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Graft Rejection ; immunology ; Graft Survival ; immunology ; HLA Antigens ; immunology ; Histocompatibility Testing ; Humans ; Isoantibodies ; blood ; Kidney Transplantation ; adverse effects ; immunology ; mortality ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Transplantation, Homologous ; immunology ; Treatment Outcome

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS); it serves as a model for the human multiple sclerosis (MS). In mice, EAE is mediated by T cells specific for various myelin basic proteins which migrate from the periphery to the CNS. In search of a way to prevent the induction and progression of EAE, we observed the effects of recombinant immunotoxin IP10-DT390 on blocking or eliminating the active T cells in the EAE model. In this paper is presented an experimental gene therapy-based model in which the mice were made resistant to EAE induction by plasmid DNA encoding recombinant immunotoxin that was injected into the leg muscles of mice. The new immuno-biological construct could selectively impair autoreactive T-cell homing while the duration of clinical signs is shorter, and the new construct would not affect other components of the immune response. These data demonstrated the effectiveness of the constructs in the treatment of EAE and suggested its usefulness in the treatment of other autoimmune diseases.
Animals ; Chemokine CXCL10 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; therapeutic use ; Diphtheria Toxin ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; therapeutic use ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental ; immunology ; pathology ; therapy ; Female ; Genetic Therapy ; Immunoglobulin Fragments ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; therapeutic use ; Immunotoxins ; genetics ; metabolism ; therapeutic use ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Receptors, CXCR3 ; metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; therapeutic use ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; therapeutic use ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo evaluate whether glycation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) increases cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by altering its anti-atherogenic property.

DATA SOURCESData cited in this review were obtained mainly from Pubmed and Medline in English from 2000 to 2013, with keywords "glycation", "HDL", and "atherosclerosis". Study selection Articles regarding glycation of HDL and its role in atherogenesis in both humans and experimental animal models were identified, retrieved and reviewed.

RESULTSGlycation alters the structure of HDL and its associated enzymes, resulting in an impairment of atheroprotective functionality and increased risks for cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetic patients.

CONCLUSIONGlycation of HDL exerts a deleterious effect on the development of cardiovascular complications in diabetes.

Atherosclerosis ; etiology ; metabolism ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; etiology ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lipoproteins, HDL

The STandards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials Of Moxibustion (STRICTOM), in the form of a checklist and descriptions of checklist items, were designed to improve reporting of moxibustion trials, and thereby facilitating their interpretation and replication. The STRICTOM checklist included 7 items and 16 sub-items. These set out reporting guidelines for the moxibustion rationale, details of moxibustion, treatment regimen, other components of treatment, treatment provider background, control and comparator interventions, and precaution measures. In addition, there were descriptions of each item and examples of good reporting. It is intended that the STRICTOM can be used in conjunction with the main CONSORT Statement, extensions for nonpharmacologic treatment and pragmatic trials, and thereby raise the quality of reporting of clinical trials of moxibustion. Further comments will be solicited from the experts of the CONSORT Group, the STRICTA Group, acupuncture and moxibustion societies, and clinical trial authors for optimizing the STRICTOM.

To identify the active constituents in vitro and blood-absorbed ingredients in vivo from Yin Chen Hao decoction provides scientific evidence for probing its prevention and treatment mechanism on acute liver injury. An ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) method was applied for analysis of Yin Chen Hao decoction and the serum samples of mice with con-A induced acute liver injury after preventive oral administration for 14 days (the use of all laboratory animals in this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Naval Medical University, 19YF1459400). A total of 90 chemical constituents were identified from Yin Chen Hao decoction, mainly were flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, quinones. 5 prototype compounds were identified in the serum, including chrysophanol, deoxyrhapontin-8-O-gallate, mussaenosidic acid, herniarin, emodin. The established UPLC-QTOF/MS method could efficiently and sensitively identify the constituents in vitro and blood-absorbed ingredients of Yin Chen Hao decoction, primarily clarify the material basis of its hepatoprotective effect, and provided a scientific basis for the quality marker selection and the pharmacodynamic material basis research on the decoction.

OBJECTIVETo study the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype in 5 cities of Fujian province and the clinical implications of distinct genotypes in HBV-related liver diseases.

METHODSHBV genotype was determined by the restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in patients with chronic HBV infection in 5 cities of Fujian province. The relationship between HBV genotype and its clinical implications was studied by multinomal logistic regression and correspondence analysis.

RESULTSOf the 431 HBV DNA positive patients detected by PCR, 275 (63.8%) belonged to HBV genotype B, 100 (23.2%) to genotype C, 51 (11.8%) to genotype D and D-mixed genotype. Genotype A, E and F were not found. Multinomal logistic regression showed that genotype B was more prevalent in Quanzhou and Sanming cities than in Fuzhou (P = 0.002, P = 0.006), and genotype B appeared significantly more common in asymptomatic carriers (ASC), chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and severe hepatitis (SH). Genotype C was most prevalent in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) (47.0%) than in those with ASC (14.5%) and SH (14.7%) (P = 0.009, P < 0.001). The positive rate of hepatitis B e antigen was higher in patients with genotype C than in those with genotype B and genotype D (56.0% vs. 52.4%, P = 0.008, and 56.0% vs. 30.8%, P = 0.051, respectively). By correspondence analysis, genotype D and D-mixed genotype seemed to be correlated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

CONCLUSIONS(1) The major popular genotypes of HBV were B, C and D in Fujian. (2) Data of our study suggested that the geographic distribution of genotype B and C might be different in some cities of Fujian. (3) Genotype B might have a tendency to lead to SH in younger patients with chronic hepatitis B and the development of LC might be associated with genotype C among the elder patients. (4) Genotype D appeared to associate with development of HCC, which called for further study to confirm.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B ; virology ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

Objective To study the value of three-dimensional high-resolution magnetic resonance wall imaging (3D-HR-VWI)for ischemic stroke caused by perforating artery infarction.Methods Retrospectively studied 38 patients between 201 6 and 2018.3D-HR-VWI technique were used to examine the structures of the ipsilateral and contralateral lenticulostriate arteries of the lesion,to study the characteristics of the perforating artery lesion.Results There was no statistical significance in the absolute number of lenticulostriate arteries on the lesion side and the normal side (P＝0.251 2).There was statistical significance in the ratio of lenticulostriate arteries between two groups (P＝0.020).The differences of the depth of lenticulostriate arteries on lesion sides were also statistical significant between two groups (P＝0.032).The differences among risk factors including hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia and smoking were not statistically significant.There was no statistical significance on the differences of vascular involvement,length of M1 lesions,etiological types, number of lenticulostriate arteries,and depth of lenticulostriate arteries among the lateral lenticulostriate artery group,the internal lenticulostriate artery group and the internal+lateral lenticulostriate artery group.Conclusion 3D-HR-VWI can show the lesions of lenticulostriate arteries and perforating arteries,which is of important in diagnosis of perforating artery infarction.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the application of different variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) locus in genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tuberculosis) strains isolated from eight provinces in China, and to find the suitable locus-set of VNTR for epidemical strains in China.

METHODSAll 140 M.tuberculosis strains were randomly selected from 2800 M.tuberculosis strains isolated from eight provinces in China, 27 VNTR loci were used for typing all isolates. Discriminatory power (Hunter-Gaston Index, HGI) of every locus and different locus-set were analyzed by BioNumerics software. Meanwhile, Spoligotyping was used to identify Beijing family and non-Beijing family. Then the HGI of different locus-sets in two families was also evaluated.

RESULTSAll 140 isolates were clustered into Beijing kindred (112 strains, 80%) and non-Beijing kindred (28 strains, 20%) by Spoligotyping. The discriminatory power of Spoligotyping in 140 isolates was 0.4589. Every locus showed different polymorphism and HGI were from 0 to 0.809. The number of VNTR loci with HGI higher than 0.5 in all strains, Beijing family and non-Beijing family was 8, 7 and 14 respectively. 27 loci were combined into four groups which included 8, 12, 15 and 24 VNTR loci respectively. Four locus-sets showed different polymorphism, HGI of eight-locus, 12-locus, 15-locus, and 24-locus set in 140 strains was 0.9991, 0.9882, 0.9980 and 0.9986, and their discriminatory power were calculated in Beijing kindred (HGI: 0.9987, 0.9318, 0.9969 and 0.9975) and non-Beijing kindred (HGI: 1, 0.9894, 1 and 1).

CONCLUSIONDifferent VNTR locus and locus-set showed different discriminatory power in the selected M.tuberculosis strains isolated from China. Eight-locus set can be used in molecular epidemiological study of M.tuberculosis in China after standardization.

Bacterial Typing Techniques ; DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Tandem Repeat Sequences

BACKGROUNDThe morbidity and mortality of prostate cancer have been increasing rapidly in recent China. There were few studies investigating prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values ranges in the healthy Chinese population. We performed this study to determine the distribution of serum PSA in a large healthy Chinese population.

METHODSFrom January 2001 to May 2008, 11 150 healthy Chinese men aged 30 - 79 years came to our hospital for routine health check-up. All subjects without a previous diagnosis of prostate cancer, a history of prostate surgery, or urogenital tract infection were proposed to undergo systematic serum PSA measurement and digital rectal examination (DRE). Men with normal DRE and PSA ≤ 4.0 ng/ml and those PSA > 4.0 ng/ml or abnormal DRE but without adverse findings on prostate biopsy were included (n = 9358). Age and serum PSA concentration were recorded and correlated through Logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSThe 95th percentile serum PSA concentration was 1.89 ng/ml for men aged 30 to 39 years, 2.19 ng/ml for men aged 40 to 49 years, 2.88 ng/ml for men aged 50 to 59 years, 4.42 ng/ml for men aged 60 to 69 years, and 6.52 ng/ml for men aged 70 to 79 years. The serum PSA concentration correlated with age (P < 0.0001) with an annual increase of 0.97% for men in 40 years, 1.58% for men in 50 years, 3.04% for men in 60 years, and 3.99% for men in 70 years.

CONCLUSIONSThe serum PSA level correlates directly with age in Chinese men older than 40 years, not in Chinese men younger than 40 years old. Chinese men have lower PSA level compared with white men above 60 years of age, not in those under 60 years of age.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; blood ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; blood ; epidemiology