Objective To explore the effectiveness of"near peer learning"(NPL)in the electromyo-graphy(EMG)teaching module for neurology residents.Methods The Department of Neurology,Peking Union Medical College Hospital implemented an NPL instructional design for a course on EMG for residents from November 2020 to March 2024.This teaching session was held annually,in which senior residents in-structed juniors who were 1 or 2 years earlier in their training.The residents participated in the pre-course/post-course tests and completed a feedback survey at the end of the session.This evaluation method was used to un-derstand the effectiveness of the NPL intervention in EMG teaching.Results Over four years,a total of 83 residents participated.Among them,there were 24 postdoctoral students,52 postgraduates and 7 junior resi-dents.The results showed that the post-course test scores were significantly improved compared with pre-course test scores(74.33±2.43 vs.70.11±2.49,P=0.005),with the most remarkable improvements seen for"tu-tees"(73.84±20.53 vs.70.29±21.46,P=0.020),postgraduates(74.04±22.51 vs.68.97±21.40,P=0.009),first-year residents(70.19±4.02 vs.63.59±3.59,P=0.040)and first-time participating resi-dents(65.23±3.24 vs.60.97±3.21,P=0.030).The post-program feedback showed that both tutors and tu-tees thought highly of NPL,believing that it enabled them to gain knowledge and helped them to improve teaching skills.Conclusions The NPL intervention is suitable for the teaching of EMG,because of its contri-bution to knowledge acquisition and basic clinical skills improvement.The NPL is worth replicating in other teaching and learning programs.

Objective:To explore the mechanism of Danxing Zhishuang Prescription in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) by combining network pharmacology with animal models.Methods:TCMSP, BATMAN database, Genecards, and OMIM databases were retrieved to obtain the active components and action targets of Danxing Zhishuang Prescription. Venny 2.1.0 was used to intersect drug targets and PD related genes, and a protein interaction network of the intersection targets was constructed using the STRING 12.0 platform. Topology analysis was performed using Cytoscape 3.10.0 software to identify the key targets of Danxing Zhishuang Prescription on PD; GO functional and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed on key targets using the WeChat platform, and molecular docking was validated through AutoDockTools 1.5.7. Using a random number table method, mice were divided into a blank control group, a model group, and a Danxing Zhishuang Prescription group, with 20 mice in each group; except for the blank group, all other groups of mice were orally administered fisetin to prepare PD models; Danxing Zhishuang Prescription group was orally administered with concentrated Danxing Zhishuang Prescription at a dosage of 10.5 g/kg, while the blank group and model group were orally administered with 0.2 ml of physiological saline for 21 days; Western blot was used to detect the expressions of Akt1, Bcl-2, Bax, and α-Syn proteins.Results:359 intersection targets, 69 core targets, and 185 active components were obtained the treatment of PD with Danxing Zhishuang Prescription. The main active components included quercetin, kaempferol, phenylalanine, etc., and the key targets were AKT1, TP53, TNF, ESR1, etc. KEGG analysis revealed several key signaling pathways, such as AGE-RAGE, PI3K-Akt, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis signaling pathways. The validation experiment results showed that compared with the model group, the expression of Bcl-2 protein was up-regulated ( P<0.01), and the expressions of Bax, Akt1, and α-Syn proteins were down-regulated in the Danxing Zhishuang Prescription group ( P<0.01). Conclusions:Danxing Zhishuang Prescription has the advantages of multi target and multi pathway treatment for PD. Its mechanism may be related to down-regulating the expressions of Bax, Akt1, and α-Syn proteins, improving brain blood supply, regulating neurotransmitter balance, inhibiting oxidative stress response, and promoting nerve regeneration.

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics of elderly patients with stage Ⅰ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and analyze the factors associated with prognosis.Methods:A case series study was conducted by retrospectively collecting clinical data from patients aged over 60 years with newly diagnosed stage Ⅰ DLBCL across 20 medical centers in Jiangsu Province, China, between June 2010 and April 2023. The involved site, classification and treatment plan were summarized. The primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Statistical analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox regression model.Results:The study included 255 patients with a median age of 69 years, of whom 130 (51.0%) were male, 66 (25.9%) were aged ≥75 years and 26 (10.1%) had a high Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score of ≥2. Extranodal involvement was observed in 163 (63.9%) patients, with the stomach (37.4%, 61/163), intestine (19.0%, 31/163), testes (11.0%, 18/163), and breast (7.4%, 12/163) being the most frequently affected sites. The non-germinal center B-cell (non-GCB) subtype was prevalent in 63.7% of patients (142/223), with no significant difference between the nodal and extranodal groups ( P=0.681). Furthermore, 73.9% (184/249) and 11.7% (29/249) of patients received the R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) and R-miniCHOP regimen, respectively. The overall 3-year PFS rate was 81.5%, and the 3-year OS rate was 85.6%. Patients aged ≥75 years ( HR=2.910, 95% CI 1.565-5.408, P=0.001) and/or with a CCI score ≥2 ( HR=2.324, 95% CI 1.141-4.732, P=0.020) had a significantly poorer PFS. Incorporating age ≥75 years and CCI score ≥2 into the stage-modified international prognostic index (sm-IPI) can better stratify the prognosis of elderly patients with stage Ⅰ DLBCL. The 3-year PFS rate was 48.7% in the high-risk group versus 85.7% in the low-risk group ( P<0.001). Conclusions:Our findings show that the elderly patients with stage Ⅰ DLBCL were predominantly characterized by extranodal involvement (particularly in the stomach and intestinal tract) and non-GCB subtype. Age ≥75 years and CCI ≥2 were identified as independent prognostic factors. The newly established sm-IPI-75-CCI incorporating these factors demonstrated superior prognostic discrimination compared to conventional risk assessment systems.

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics of elderly patients with stage Ⅰ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and analyze the factors associated with prognosis.Methods:A case series study was conducted by retrospectively collecting clinical data from patients aged over 60 years with newly diagnosed stage Ⅰ DLBCL across 20 medical centers in Jiangsu Province, China, between June 2010 and April 2023. The involved site, classification and treatment plan were summarized. The primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Statistical analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox regression model.Results:The study included 255 patients with a median age of 69 years, of whom 130 (51.0%) were male, 66 (25.9%) were aged ≥75 years and 26 (10.1%) had a high Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score of ≥2. Extranodal involvement was observed in 163 (63.9%) patients, with the stomach (37.4%, 61/163), intestine (19.0%, 31/163), testes (11.0%, 18/163), and breast (7.4%, 12/163) being the most frequently affected sites. The non-germinal center B-cell (non-GCB) subtype was prevalent in 63.7% of patients (142/223), with no significant difference between the nodal and extranodal groups ( P=0.681). Furthermore, 73.9% (184/249) and 11.7% (29/249) of patients received the R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) and R-miniCHOP regimen, respectively. The overall 3-year PFS rate was 81.5%, and the 3-year OS rate was 85.6%. Patients aged ≥75 years ( HR=2.910, 95% CI 1.565-5.408, P=0.001) and/or with a CCI score ≥2 ( HR=2.324, 95% CI 1.141-4.732, P=0.020) had a significantly poorer PFS. Incorporating age ≥75 years and CCI score ≥2 into the stage-modified international prognostic index (sm-IPI) can better stratify the prognosis of elderly patients with stage Ⅰ DLBCL. The 3-year PFS rate was 48.7% in the high-risk group versus 85.7% in the low-risk group ( P<0.001). Conclusions:Our findings show that the elderly patients with stage Ⅰ DLBCL were predominantly characterized by extranodal involvement (particularly in the stomach and intestinal tract) and non-GCB subtype. Age ≥75 years and CCI ≥2 were identified as independent prognostic factors. The newly established sm-IPI-75-CCI incorporating these factors demonstrated superior prognostic discrimination compared to conventional risk assessment systems.

Through molecular identification of the ITS2 gene of Aedes albopictus in Hainan Island,we analyzed the genetic diversity,haplotype characteristics,and phylogenetic relationships,to characterize the genetic structure of the local Aedes al-bopictus population.Aedes albopictus samples were collected from 18 administrative cities and counties in Hainan Island.Ge-nomic DNA was extracted,and the 1TS2 gene was amplified.The base composition was analyzed in MEGA 11 software.The genetic distances were calculated,and the phylogenetic relationships were constructed.DnaSP6 and Pop Art 1.7 software were used to calculate the number of haplotypes,draw a haplotype topology network diagram,and analyze haplotype diversity.A to-tal of 360 ITS2 genes were obtained from Aedes albopictus in 18 cities and counties in Hainan Island,with sequence lengths ranging from 536 to 586 bp;GC content ranging from 51.29％to 55.31％;average intraspecies genetic distances ranging from 0.015 4;a total of 251 haplotypes and a haplotype diversity index of 0.987 0,indicating rich genetic diversity and intricate kin-ship relationships,the phylogenetic relationship between Aedes albopictus in Hainan Island and in Honduras was the closest.The existence of extensive gene exchange and rich genetic diversity within the Aedes albopictus population in Hainan Island provided sufficient genetic resources for the evolution and adaptation of the population.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of mucin 1 (MUC1) on the proliferation and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and its regulatory mechanism. MethodsThe 60 NPC and paired para-cancer normal tissues were collected from October 2020 to July 2021 in Quanzhou First Hospital. The expression of MUC1 was measured by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) in the patients with PNC. The 5-8F and HNE1 cells were transfected with siRNA control (si-control) or siRNA targeting MUC1 (si-MUC1). Cell proliferation was analyzed by cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assay, and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry analysis in the 5-8F and HNE1 cells. The qPCR and ELISA were executed to analyze the levels of TNF-α and IL-6. Western blot was performed to measure the expression of MUC1, NF-кB and apoptosis-related proteins (Bax and Bcl-2). ResultsThe expression of MUC1 was up-regulated in the NPC tissues, and NPC patients with the high MUC1 expression were inclined to EBV infection, growth and metastasis of NPC. Loss of MUC1 restrained malignant features, including the proliferation and apoptosis, downregulated the expression of p-IкB、p-P65 and Bcl-2 and upregulated the expression of Bax in the NPC cells. ConclusionDownregulation of MUC1 restrained biological characteristics of malignancy, including cell proliferation and apoptosis, by inactivating NF-κB signaling pathway in NPC.

To explore the effectiveness of "near peer learning" (NPL) in the electromyography(EMG)teaching module for neurology residents.

This study was aimed at exploring the effects of Toxoplasma gondii ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ protein on the cell cycle,pro-liferation,and apoptosis of THP-1 cells via activation of STAT3 phosphorylation.ROP16 empty vector and recombinant lenti-viral overexpression vector were transfected into THP-1 cells,the fluorescence intensity was observed,and overexpression was verified.STAT3 and P-STAT3 protein expression in THP-1 cells overexpressing ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ was detected by Western blot-ting.The cells were treated with the STAT3 phosphorylation inhibitor Stattic,and divided into a THP-1 group,THP-1+Stattic group,THP-1-ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ group,and THP-1-ROP16Ⅰ/Ⅲ+Stattic group.Changes in the cell cycle,proliferation curve,and apoptosis rate were detected with flow cytometry and CCK-8 assays,and the expression levels of the apoptosis-related proteins Bax,Cleaved Caspase3,Caspase9,and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blotting.A strong fluorescence signal was ob-served after transfection of ROP16 recombinant lentivirus overexpression vector into THP-1 cells,and ROP16 mRNA and pro-tein expression significantly increased(FmRNA=314.1,Fprotein=758.7,P＜0.001),thus indicating successful construction of cell strains with stable overexpression.In addition,P-STAT3 protein showed higher expression in THP-1-ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ group than the THP-1 group(F=606.1,P＜0.001).Flow cytometry and CCK-8 results indicated that,compared with the THP-1 group,the THP-1-ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ group showed a cell cycle blocked in G1 phase,lower cell proliferation ability(t Ⅰgroup=19.2,tⅢgroup=24.0,P＜0.01),and a higher apoptosis rate(t Ⅰgroup=175.1,tⅢgroup=205.2,P＜0.001).Western blotting results also demonstrated significantly elevated expression of the intracellular pro-apoptotic proteins Bax,Cleaved Caspase3,and Caspase9(t Bax Ⅰgroup=15.8,tBaxⅢgroup=11.1,t Caspase9 Ⅰ group=9.1,t Caspaseg Ⅲ group=10.2,t Cleaved Caspase3 Ⅰ group=16.5,t Cleaved Caspase3 Ⅲ group=12.9,all P＜0.001),and significantly diminished expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2(t Ⅰgroup=18.4,tⅢgroup=26.2,P＜0.001).However,after Stattic treatment,the cell cycle,proliferation ability,apoptosis rate,and expression of apoptosis-re-lated proteins in the THP-1-ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ+Stattic group were restored to near baseline levels.Thus,Toxoplasma gondii ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ proteins were found to block the THP-1 cell cycle at G1 phase,inhibit cell proliferation,and promote apoptosis by activating the phosphorylation of STAT3.

Through molecular identification of the ITS2 gene of Aedes albopictus in Hainan Island,we analyzed the genetic diversity,haplotype characteristics,and phylogenetic relationships,to characterize the genetic structure of the local Aedes al-bopictus population.Aedes albopictus samples were collected from 18 administrative cities and counties in Hainan Island.Ge-nomic DNA was extracted,and the 1TS2 gene was amplified.The base composition was analyzed in MEGA 11 software.The genetic distances were calculated,and the phylogenetic relationships were constructed.DnaSP6 and Pop Art 1.7 software were used to calculate the number of haplotypes,draw a haplotype topology network diagram,and analyze haplotype diversity.A to-tal of 360 ITS2 genes were obtained from Aedes albopictus in 18 cities and counties in Hainan Island,with sequence lengths ranging from 536 to 586 bp;GC content ranging from 51.29％to 55.31％;average intraspecies genetic distances ranging from 0.015 4;a total of 251 haplotypes and a haplotype diversity index of 0.987 0,indicating rich genetic diversity and intricate kin-ship relationships,the phylogenetic relationship between Aedes albopictus in Hainan Island and in Honduras was the closest.The existence of extensive gene exchange and rich genetic diversity within the Aedes albopictus population in Hainan Island provided sufficient genetic resources for the evolution and adaptation of the population.

This study was aimed at exploring the effects of Toxoplasma gondii ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ protein on the cell cycle,pro-liferation,and apoptosis of THP-1 cells via activation of STAT3 phosphorylation.ROP16 empty vector and recombinant lenti-viral overexpression vector were transfected into THP-1 cells,the fluorescence intensity was observed,and overexpression was verified.STAT3 and P-STAT3 protein expression in THP-1 cells overexpressing ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ was detected by Western blot-ting.The cells were treated with the STAT3 phosphorylation inhibitor Stattic,and divided into a THP-1 group,THP-1+Stattic group,THP-1-ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ group,and THP-1-ROP16Ⅰ/Ⅲ+Stattic group.Changes in the cell cycle,proliferation curve,and apoptosis rate were detected with flow cytometry and CCK-8 assays,and the expression levels of the apoptosis-related proteins Bax,Cleaved Caspase3,Caspase9,and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blotting.A strong fluorescence signal was ob-served after transfection of ROP16 recombinant lentivirus overexpression vector into THP-1 cells,and ROP16 mRNA and pro-tein expression significantly increased(FmRNA=314.1,Fprotein=758.7,P＜0.001),thus indicating successful construction of cell strains with stable overexpression.In addition,P-STAT3 protein showed higher expression in THP-1-ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ group than the THP-1 group(F=606.1,P＜0.001).Flow cytometry and CCK-8 results indicated that,compared with the THP-1 group,the THP-1-ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ group showed a cell cycle blocked in G1 phase,lower cell proliferation ability(t Ⅰgroup=19.2,tⅢgroup=24.0,P＜0.01),and a higher apoptosis rate(t Ⅰgroup=175.1,tⅢgroup=205.2,P＜0.001).Western blotting results also demonstrated significantly elevated expression of the intracellular pro-apoptotic proteins Bax,Cleaved Caspase3,and Caspase9(t Bax Ⅰgroup=15.8,tBaxⅢgroup=11.1,t Caspase9 Ⅰ group=9.1,t Caspaseg Ⅲ group=10.2,t Cleaved Caspase3 Ⅰ group=16.5,t Cleaved Caspase3 Ⅲ group=12.9,all P＜0.001),and significantly diminished expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2(t Ⅰgroup=18.4,tⅢgroup=26.2,P＜0.001).However,after Stattic treatment,the cell cycle,proliferation ability,apoptosis rate,and expression of apoptosis-re-lated proteins in the THP-1-ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ+Stattic group were restored to near baseline levels.Thus,Toxoplasma gondii ROP16 Ⅰ/Ⅲ proteins were found to block the THP-1 cell cycle at G1 phase,inhibit cell proliferation,and promote apoptosis by activating the phosphorylation of STAT3.