BACKGROUND:Studies have reported that underin vitro experimental environment, antisense endothelin nucleic acid nanometer carrier can express target nucleic acid and produce RNA interference effect after enfolding by 12-alkylated chitosan nanoparticles, which can effectively inhibit the excessive generation of endothelin from inflammatory cytokines induced by alergen. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of 12-alkylated chitosan nanoparticles enfolding antisense endothelin converting enzyme RNA expression plasmid on airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic mouse models. METHODS: Forty Balb/c mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, chitosan nanoparticles, normal saline and plasmid groups. Mice in the chitosan nanoparticles, normal saline and plasmid groups were subjected to sensitization by an intraperitoneal injection with ovalbumin (0, 14 days) and motivation by aerosol inhalation of ovalbumin (24, 25, 26 days) to induce asthma models. Mice in the control group were subjected to sensitization and motivation by the perfusion of normal saline. At 24hours before the first excitation, mice in the control, chitosan nanoparticles, normal saline and plasmid groups were perfused with normal salinevia airway, 12-alkylated chitosan nanoparticles, normal saline and antisense endothelin converting enzyme RNA. At 48 hours after the last excitation, the airway reactivity of mice was detected. After 28 days, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology, lung histopathology, cytokines in spleen cel culture supernatant were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, the total number of plasmid cels, the percentage of eosinophils, eosinophil absolute counts, interleukin-4 levels, endothelin levels and airway hyperresponsiveness of mice in chitosan nanoparticles, normal saline and plasmid groups were increased (P < 0.05), and the lung inflammation was more severe. These indicators in the chitosan nanoparticles group were al lower than those in the normal saline and plasmid groups (P < 0.05) and the degree of inflammation was lighter than that in the saline and plasmid groups. These results demonstrate that 12-alkylated chitosan nanoparticles enfolding antisense endothelin converting enzyme RNA expression plasmid can reduce the synthetic amount of asthma endothelin and inhibit airway responsiveness.

BACKGROUND:Pancreas or islet cel transplantation and stem cel transplantation bring hope to cure diabetes, but pancreas or islet transplantation appears to have a lack of donors as wel as immune rejection problems, limiting their clinical development. Therefore, stem cel transplantation therapy has become the current hotspot.
OBJECTIVE:To study the therapeutic effects of huaman telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s transplantation on diabetes mel itus in SD rats.
METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s were transfected with PLXSN carrying hTERT. Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (n=6), stem cel group (n=10), hTERT transfection group (n=10), diabetes mel itus group (n=10). Except the control group, the rats were injected with stretozotocin (45 mg/kg) to make diabetes mel itus models. After modeling, rats in the stem cel group and hTERT transfection group were respectively intravenously injected with 1 mL of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s (1.5×1010/L) and 1 mL of hTERT-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s (1.5×1010/L).
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 24 hours after modeling, the fasting blood-glucose level was significantly increased in the diabetes mel itus group, which was higher than the normal value (6.7 mmol/L). At 15 days after cel transplantation, the fasting blood-glucose levels were signficiantly decreased in the stem cel group and hTERT transfection group as compared with the diabetes mel itus group (P<0.05), but the body mass of rats was increased in these two group (P<0.05), especial y in the hTERT transfection group. At 45 days after cel transplantation, the fasting blood-glucose level and body mass in the stem cel group and hTERT transfection group were close to those in the control group (P>0.05), and moreover, the hTERT group had better outcomes than the stem cel group. Meanwhile, in the diabetes mel itus group, the fasting blood-glucose level was stil at a higher level, and the body mass decreased continously. These findings suggest that hTERT-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation is effective for treatment of diabetes mel itus in rats.

Primary liver cancer ( PLC) is one of the most invasive malignant tumors in the clinics .The PLC within Milan criteria can be cured by liver transplantation or liver resection .However,PLC exceeding Milan criteria has been a question for us to overcome all the time .In recent years ,transcatheter arterial chemoemboliza-tion( TACE) and its combination therapy for PLC exceeding Milan criteria have made some breakthrough .A great deal of literatures have confirmed that TACE and its combined therapy for PLC exceeding Milan criteria can im -prove the survival rate obviously,it also contains many advantages,such as low cost,safe,painless,minimally in-vasive,repetitive operation and so on .The progress of TACE for PLC exceeding Milan criteria in recent years is summarized in this paper .

Long-term use of systemic or topical glucocorticoid can cause posterior subcapsular opacities ( PSO ) , named glucocorticoid-induced cataract ( GIC ) . There are many hypotheses on the pathogenesis of GIC. However, no one has well explained the formation of PSO, which leads to no effective approaches in the prevention and/or treatment. A new opinion is that hormones might affect lens epithelial cells through GR - mediated vimentin changes, which eventually result in the formation of GIC. Therefore, the association between vimentin and lens epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation, maybe a new direction for further studies in the pathogenesis of GIC.

Objective To evaluate the values of diagnosis in anomalies of aortic valve with transesophogeal echocardiography (TEE) before operation. Methods Thirty-seven cases of anomalies of aortic valve which were diagnosed by TEE and treated by operation were analyzed retrospectively, the features of anomalies of aortic valve, pattern of cardiac structure changing and the reference values of diagnosis with TEE in choosing correct operation method were summarized. Results There were different characteristics in the number of valve and juncture, location of juncture, opening and closing shape of aortic valve, aortic valvular stenosis, aortic valvular regurgitation or both of them.Pattern of changes of cardiac structure included ascending aorta dilatation, left ventricle enlarge and left ventricle hypertrophy. Features of aortic valve anomalies and pattern of changes of cardiac structure were the important consulting information for the selection of operation method. Conclusion TEE is an important diagnosis method for anomalies of aortic valve, and it can provide abundant and valuable information for choosing an appropriate operational method.

Therapies targeting endocrine receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 have become important treat-ment modes for patients with hormone receptor breast cancer. Despite the availability of these options, however, development of prima-ry or secondary drug resistance and subsequent disease progression in patients with advanced disease continue to occur. Mammalian tar-get of rapamycin (mTOR), a key regulator of cell growth and proliferation, has been implicated in the induction of cellular processes leading to the uncontrolled growth of cancer cells. Recent studies have suggested that overactivation of the mTOR pathway may be in-volved in the development of endocrine resistance. Interrupting this signaling cascade may alleviate such resistance and help restore drug sensitivity. A number of agents targeting the mTOR pathway have shown potent anti-tumorigenic effects in vitro, and several agents show great potential for treating breast cancer patients. Many clinical studies have shown that combining endocrine therapy with mTOR inhibitors could significantly increase the survival rate of breast cancer patients. In this study, we focus on recent research prog-ress on mTOR and its inhibitors in endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer.

Ginsenoside is the main component of antitumor effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Ginseng. Clinical pharmacological studies have shown that Ginsenoside Rb1 can inhibit P-gp which can lead to efflux of drugs, enhance the sensitivity of cells to drugs, reduce the multidrug resistance of the tumor cell, and maintain the immune function of the body to tumor cells. Ginsenoside Rg3 can impact tumor cell protein expression, play a role in cell division, induce tumor cell apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth of blood vessels. Ginsenoside Rh2 may play an antitumor effect by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and metastasis, inducing tumor cell apoptosis. This article ex-plained the antitumor effects and mechanism of Ginsenoside Rb1, Rg3, Rh2 in order to provide theoretical evidences for the clinical development and application.

Inhibin B(INHB) and anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH) detection have important clinical significance in assisted reproductive technology.INHB for evaluation of male testis function is very meaningful,playing a guiding role in the treatment of oligospermatism.INHB has very high clinical diagnosis value for evaluation of ovarian reserve function,being an important indicator to predict the effect of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.AMH for evaluation of women ovarian function is significant,and is a diagnosis index of reproductive domain related diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome and one of the important indices for evaluation of assisted reproductive outcomes.

The alkaline elution and flurometric DNA assay for the mesurement of the DNA single-strand breaks (SSB) and the thiobarbituric, acid test for the mesurement of molondialdehyde (MDA) were adopted in this article to study the effects of sodium selenite (Na_2SeO_3) on the mutagenicity of AOH. The results showed that pretreating the cells or epithelia with 10~(-5) or 10~(-6)M Na_2SeO_3 for 4 hours prior to exposure to AOH could inhibit the AOH-induced DNA SSB and the content of MDA which was the terminal pro duct of the lipid peroxidation (comparing with the control group, P

Clinically, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and coronary heart disease (CAD) often interact to promote disease progression. This article discussed that zongqi is the heart-lung correlation functional basis and yingwei relevant is heart-lung correlation core. Zongqi deficiency is the incidence basis of COPD and CAD from the pathology. Communication and transformation of nutrient and defensive qi is the core mechanism of COPD combined with CAD. Phlegm and blood stasis are toxic intricate. Further damage to jingqi is the key to combination of COPD and CAD. It lays the foundation for next clinical syndrome differentiation, development of comprehensive treatment programs and clinical research.