BACKGROUND: Bone marrow necrosis has unspecific clinical features, which is often misdiagnosed or missed due to a lack of the knowledge of the disease. OBJECTIVE: To improve the awareness and vigilance to bone marrow necrosis, and to further explore the clinical manifestations, hematological characteristics, pathogenesis and treatment of bone marrow necrosis. METHODS: The bone marrow necrosis, hematologic neoplasms, solid tumor, bone marrow puncture, bone marrow pathology in Chinese and English served as the search terms to search articles related to bone marrow necrosis in PubMed and Wanfang databases, published from 1941 to 2016. Totally 43 articles were selected for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bone marrow necrosis is a rare complication caused by various diseases, clinically characterized by bone pain, fever, anemia, and nucleated red cells and immature neutrophilic leukocytes in the blood smear. Bone marrow aspiration and/or bone marrow biopsy show(s) necrotic features. Its pathogenesis is complex, and it is still poorly understood and needs further research. There is no good treatment for bone marrow necrosis, and the prognosis is poor. Early correct diagnosis and etiological treatment are crucial for the prognosis of bone marrow necrosis.With the improvement of disease awareness, bone marrow cytology, genetics, MRI and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, bone marrow necrosis is expected to get a better prognosis.

The content of the asarone submicro emulsion injection was determind by HPLC method, and thereby a quality evaluation method was established based on indexes of pH value, particle size, peroxide value, methoxy aniline values, free fatty acid, lysophosphatidylcholine, visible foreign substances, insoluble particle, sterility, bacterial endotoxin and impurities, etc. The results showed that the injection exhibited uniform physical appearance and all the products were in milkwhite liquid. The content of the three batches products were respectively 102.9%, 100.8%, 97.70% of the labeled amount, with mean particle size of 210-250 nm, and other indexes all met with the standards. The reserved samples showed no obvious change in terms of detection indexes and indicated good stability after the accelerated stability test and long-term stability for 12 months. The quality evaluation method established in this study could be applied to quality control and stability investigation of asarone submicron emulsion injection, which laid a basis for further clinical research and application.
Anisoles ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Emulsions ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Quality Control

Pharmaceutical preparations, particularly as a "secret recipe" of traditional Chinese medicine in medical institutions, are the product of China's medical and health industry, and they are also an important means of competing of different medical institutions. Although pharmaceutical preparations have advantages and characteristics than institutes for drug and pharmaceutical companies, the quality standards of pharmaceutical preparations in medical institutions has not reached the desired level over the years. As we all know, the quality of pharmaceutical preparations is important to ensure the efficacy, especially under the environment of people pay more sttention on drug safety and effectiveness and contry increase emphasis on the stste of pharmaceutical preparations. In view of this, we will improve the grade, stability, and clinical efficacy of pharmaceutical preparations by the advanced equipment, testing instruments and the process dynamic quality control technology. Finally, we hope we can provide new ideas for the quality control of pharmaceutical preparations.
Drug Compounding ; standards ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Quality Control

Objective To study the conventional MRI and dittusion weighted imaging(DWI) features of Japanese encephalitis(JE)in children.Methods Sixteen patients with JE were included. Conventional MRI and DWI sequences were performed in all patients.Seven patients received MRI within 10 days of onset and 9 after 10 days.The appearances on DWI and T_2 WI were recorded.The ADC values of lesions were calculated,and then were correlated with the corresponding time interval between onset of neurological symptoms and MRI scanning.Results The lesions of JE mainly showed long T_1 and long T_2 signal intensity on MRI.The thalami were the most frequently involved areas,and 15 out of 16 showed thalamic involvement and 6 patients only showed thalamic abnormalities without other lesions.Seven patients within 10 days of onset showed lesions with high signal intensity on both DWI and T_2WI,but whole or partial lesions showed clearer on DWI than on T_2WI,and 2 patients showed extra lesions that were invisible on T_2WI.As for the other 9 patients after 10 days of onset,the lesions showed clearer on T_2WI than on DWI. There was a direct correlations between thalamic ADC values and the disease duration (r=0.84,P

Child, Preschool ; Chondromatosis, Synovial ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Humans ; Tibial Fractures ; diagnosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sub-acute oral effect of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles on the oxidation/antioxidation biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines in blood, liver, intestine, and colon in rats. METHODS: Twenty four 4-week-old clean-grade Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly devided into 4 groups by body weight (n=6, control, low, middle, and high), in which the rats were orally exposed to TiO₂ nanoparticles at doses of 0, 2, 10 and 50 mg/kg body weight/day for 28 consecutive days separately. Food intake, body weight and abnormal behaviors during the experiment were recorded. The rats were euthanized on the 29th day. The blood was collected via abdominal aortic method and centrifuged to collect the serum. Tissues from liver, intestine and colon were collected and homogenated. Then enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and microwell plate methods were used to detect oxidation/antioxidation biomarkers including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total mercapto (T-SH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), malomdialdehvde (MDA) and inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the serum, liver, intestine and colon in the rats. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, no significant differences in body weight, food intake and organ coefficients were observed in all the three groups after TiO₂ gavage. No significant changes in GSH, GSH-Px, T-SH, and IL-6 were observed. Compared with the control group, significant increase of SOD activity in serum in high dose group, signi-ficant increase of GSSG concentration in intestine in middle and high dose group and significant increase of MDA concentration in liver in low and high dose group were observed. Compared with the control group, a significant increase of TNF-α in liver in middle and high dose group was observed. CONCLUSION TiO₂ nanoparticle can increase antioxidant enzymes activities in blood, increase oxidative biomarkers in liver and intestine, increase inflammatory cytokines in liver in rats after a 28-day sub-acute orally administration. Among blood, liver, intestine, and colon, liver is most sensitive to the toxicity induced by TiO₂ nanoparticles, followed by intestine, blood, and colon in sequence.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; Biomarkers ; Cytokines ; Nanoparticles ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Titanium

Aim To investigate the protective role of salvianolic acid B ( Sal B ) on cardiac hypertrophy in type 2 diabetes mice , and to explore its influence on peroxisome proliferator activated receptors-α( PPARα) .Methods The type 2 diabetes melitus ( T2DM) mouse model was established by 4 weeks ' high fat diets feeding and one time STZ intraperitoneal injection .The animals were randomly divided into:control, T2DM, T2DM+SalB(100 mg· kg -1 · d-1 ) and Sal B(100 mg· kg -1 · d-1 ) groups.Eight weeks later, heart weight, tibial length, cross section area of cardiomyocytes , protein expression of PPARαin heart tissue were recorded .In vitro, high glucose and high insulin ( HGI ) were used to induce hypertrophic growth in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes ( NRC-Ms) .And cell surface area , 3 H-leucine incorporation , 3 H-D-glucose uptake and PPARαprotein level were measured to observe the effect of Sal B and MK 886, a PPARαinhibitor.Results In T2DM model mice, Sal B could lower heart weight/tibial length and cross sec-tion area of cardiomyocytes , while PPARαprotein level in hearts were improved .In cultured cardiomyocytes , Sal B ( 10 ～100 μmol · L-1 ) ameliorated the in-creased levels of cell surface area ,3 H-leucine incorpo-ration and improved the decreased 3 H-D-glucose up-take and PPARαexpression induced by HGI . But those function could be abolished by MK 886.Conclu-sion Sal B ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy in T 2DM mice, which may be related to its function on PPARαactivation .

Objective To investigate the expression of miR-155 in rats exposed to PM2.5 and its signifi-cance.Methods Thirty-two 12-weeks-old healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into PM2.5-primary expo-sure group (P1),PM2.5-three times exposure group (P3), saline-control group and blank-control group (O), with 8 rats in each group. The pathological changes of lung tissue of each group were observed by HE staining and the expressions of miR-155 in lung tissue of each group were measured by RT-PCR. The expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in serum of each group were measured by ELISA.One-way ANOVA and LSD-t test were used for statistical analysis,and Pearson′s correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the levels of miR-155 and TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β. Results The expression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β in P1 and P3 increased when compared with that in saline control group and blank-control group, and the amount of expression increased with the increase of the number of exposure and dose;the difference between groups was statistically sig-nificant(P<0.01).At the same time,with the increase of the dose and number of PM2.5,the inflammatory damage of lung tissue was enhanced.The expression of miR-155 in lung tissue also increased with the increase of the dose and number of PM 2.5,and it had significantly positive correlation with serum inflammatory cytokines(P<0.01),and had statistical significance. Conclusions The lung tissue of rats exposed to PM2.5 can produce inflammatory injury, and the damage is enhanced with the increase of exposure times and dose.The expression of miR-155 is positively correlated with inflammatory injury in rats.Consequently,miR-155 may participate in PM2.5-induced inflammatory lung injury in rats.

Objective To evaluate whether 18F-fluorothymidine(FLT) can be used to monitor early response to irradiation in colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods SW480 cells were cultured and irradiated with 0, 10, and 20 Gy.Twenty-four hours later, morphological changes, apoptosis, necrosis, proliferation,and cell cycle phases were observed.Uptake of 18F-FLT was measured in these tumors in vitro from 24 h to 72 h after irradiation.The one-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.Results Apoptotic and necrotic cells were detected 24 h after radiotherapy.SW480 cells proliferation was significantly delayed after irradiation in 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylte-trazolium bromide (MTI) assay.Cell cycle analysis showed that SW480 cells had a decreased fraction of cells in S phase( from 33.23% to 9.24%,then to 5.43% ) and an arrested fraction in G0-G1.After SW480 cells were cultured for60 min, the uptake of 18F-FLT was (5.21 ± 1.60) %; and 24 h after irradiation of 10 Gy, the uptake decreased significantly to (4.27±0.48)% (F=8.253, P=0.009).And 72 h after irradiation, the uptake further decreased significantly to (3.39 ± 0.59) % ( F = 36.715, P＜0.001 ).In tumor tissue, the uptake of 18F-FLT reduced significantly 72 h after radiotherapy (10 Gy:F = 12.388, P = 0.007; 20 Gy:F = 16.744, P = 0.004) and the attenuation degree increased with the radiation dose.Conclusion The uptake of 18F-FLT in SW480 cells or in CRC could reflect the changes of SW480 cells in proliferation, cell cycle re-distribution, cell apoptosis and necrosis.The results suggest that 18F-FLT may be used for monitoring early response to irradiation of CRC.

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and 18F-fluorothymidine(FLT) PET in monitoring the metastatic potential of human colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods Human CRC cell lines SW480 and SW620 were cultured and implanted into nude mice to create CRC models. Tumor growth,metastatic status and survival were assessed in CRC bearing mice. Uptake of 18F-FDG and 18F-FLT in SW480 and SW620 cells was detected In vitro at 0,30,60,90,120 min after incubation. PET images of both tracers were acquired for SW480 and SW620 tumor-bearing mice using the small animal PET at 60 min after tracer injection. Region of interest (ROI) was drawn using Image J software on reconstructed PET images. Immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis of the tumor tissue were performed. The correlation between tracer uptake and tumor marker expression was evaluated using linear regression. Results Compared with SW620 tumor-bearing mice,SW480 induced tumor grew much faster ( t = - 3.332,P = 0.004),the tumor-bearing mice had more serious dyscrasia ( t = 2.240,P = 0.038 ),shorter survival and higher metastatic rate. In vitro study,the uptake of both 18F-FDG and 18F-FLT in SW620 cells was lower than that in SW480 cells. 18F-FLT uptake was higher than 18F-FDG uptake in both SW480 and SW620 cells. After incubation for 60 min,the uptake of 18F-FDG in SW480 and SW620 cells was ( 1.76 ± 0.87 )% and ( 1.14 ± 0.38 )%,respectively ( t = - 2.507,P = 0.021 ); while the uptake of 18F-FLT in SW480 and SW620 cells was (5.21 ± 1.60)% and (2.90 ± 1.82)%,respectively (t =3.497,P =0.002). In micro-PET study,the 18F-FDG radioactivity ratio of tumor to non-tumor (T/NT) in SW480 and SW620 tumors was 2.69 ± 0.98 and 3.09 ± 1.26 respectively (t =0.657,P =0.524); while T/NT of 18F-FLT in SW480 and SW620 tumors was 3.65 ±0.51 and 2.22 ±0.42 (t =6.491,P ＜0.001 ),respectively. In immunocytochemistry and western blot assay,heat shock protein(HSP) 27,Integrin β3,vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGFR2 ) and Ki67 were all over expressed in two kinds of tumor cells with different intensities. HSP27 and Integrin β3 expression was higher in SW480 cells than that in SW620 cells. While VEGFR and Ki67 expression was lower in SW480 cells than that in SW620 cells. The uptake of 18F-FLT closely correlated with the expression of HSP27 ( r =0.924,P =0.004) and Integrin β3 (r=0.813,P =0.025). 18F-FDG uptake inversely correlated with the survival of tumor-bearing mice (r =0.500,P=0.017). Conclusions The uptake of 18F-FDGand 18F-FLT may reflect different biological characteritics of CRC. High 18F-FLT uptake in CRC on PET scan may predict high metastatic tendency.