BACKGROUND: Bone marrow necrosis has unspecific clinical features, which is often misdiagnosed or missed due to a lack of the knowledge of the disease. OBJECTIVE: To improve the awareness and vigilance to bone marrow necrosis, and to further explore the clinical manifestations, hematological characteristics, pathogenesis and treatment of bone marrow necrosis. METHODS: The bone marrow necrosis, hematologic neoplasms, solid tumor, bone marrow puncture, bone marrow pathology in Chinese and English served as the search terms to search articles related to bone marrow necrosis in PubMed and Wanfang databases, published from 1941 to 2016. Totally 43 articles were selected for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bone marrow necrosis is a rare complication caused by various diseases, clinically characterized by bone pain, fever, anemia, and nucleated red cells and immature neutrophilic leukocytes in the blood smear. Bone marrow aspiration and/or bone marrow biopsy show(s) necrotic features. Its pathogenesis is complex, and it is still poorly understood and needs further research. There is no good treatment for bone marrow necrosis, and the prognosis is poor. Early correct diagnosis and etiological treatment are crucial for the prognosis of bone marrow necrosis.With the improvement of disease awareness, bone marrow cytology, genetics, MRI and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, bone marrow necrosis is expected to get a better prognosis.

The content of the asarone submicro emulsion injection was determind by HPLC method, and thereby a quality evaluation method was established based on indexes of pH value, particle size, peroxide value, methoxy aniline values, free fatty acid, lysophosphatidylcholine, visible foreign substances, insoluble particle, sterility, bacterial endotoxin and impurities, etc. The results showed that the injection exhibited uniform physical appearance and all the products were in milkwhite liquid. The content of the three batches products were respectively 102.9%, 100.8%, 97.70% of the labeled amount, with mean particle size of 210-250 nm, and other indexes all met with the standards. The reserved samples showed no obvious change in terms of detection indexes and indicated good stability after the accelerated stability test and long-term stability for 12 months. The quality evaluation method established in this study could be applied to quality control and stability investigation of asarone submicron emulsion injection, which laid a basis for further clinical research and application.
Anisoles ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Emulsions ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Quality Control

Child, Preschool ; Chondromatosis, Synovial ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Humans ; Tibial Fractures ; diagnosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Pharmaceutical preparations, particularly as a "secret recipe" of traditional Chinese medicine in medical institutions, are the product of China's medical and health industry, and they are also an important means of competing of different medical institutions. Although pharmaceutical preparations have advantages and characteristics than institutes for drug and pharmaceutical companies, the quality standards of pharmaceutical preparations in medical institutions has not reached the desired level over the years. As we all know, the quality of pharmaceutical preparations is important to ensure the efficacy, especially under the environment of people pay more sttention on drug safety and effectiveness and contry increase emphasis on the stste of pharmaceutical preparations. In view of this, we will improve the grade, stability, and clinical efficacy of pharmaceutical preparations by the advanced equipment, testing instruments and the process dynamic quality control technology. Finally, we hope we can provide new ideas for the quality control of pharmaceutical preparations.
Drug Compounding ; standards ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Quality Control

Objective To study the conventional MRI and dittusion weighted imaging(DWI) features of Japanese encephalitis(JE)in children.Methods Sixteen patients with JE were included. Conventional MRI and DWI sequences were performed in all patients.Seven patients received MRI within 10 days of onset and 9 after 10 days.The appearances on DWI and T_2 WI were recorded.The ADC values of lesions were calculated,and then were correlated with the corresponding time interval between onset of neurological symptoms and MRI scanning.Results The lesions of JE mainly showed long T_1 and long T_2 signal intensity on MRI.The thalami were the most frequently involved areas,and 15 out of 16 showed thalamic involvement and 6 patients only showed thalamic abnormalities without other lesions.Seven patients within 10 days of onset showed lesions with high signal intensity on both DWI and T_2WI,but whole or partial lesions showed clearer on DWI than on T_2WI,and 2 patients showed extra lesions that were invisible on T_2WI.As for the other 9 patients after 10 days of onset,the lesions showed clearer on T_2WI than on DWI. There was a direct correlations between thalamic ADC values and the disease duration (r=0.84,P

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sub-acute oral effect of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles on the oxidation/antioxidation biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines in blood, liver, intestine, and colon in rats. METHODS: Twenty four 4-week-old clean-grade Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly devided into 4 groups by body weight (n=6, control, low, middle, and high), in which the rats were orally exposed to TiO₂ nanoparticles at doses of 0, 2, 10 and 50 mg/kg body weight/day for 28 consecutive days separately. Food intake, body weight and abnormal behaviors during the experiment were recorded. The rats were euthanized on the 29th day. The blood was collected via abdominal aortic method and centrifuged to collect the serum. Tissues from liver, intestine and colon were collected and homogenated. Then enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and microwell plate methods were used to detect oxidation/antioxidation biomarkers including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total mercapto (T-SH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), malomdialdehvde (MDA) and inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the serum, liver, intestine and colon in the rats. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, no significant differences in body weight, food intake and organ coefficients were observed in all the three groups after TiO₂ gavage. No significant changes in GSH, GSH-Px, T-SH, and IL-6 were observed. Compared with the control group, significant increase of SOD activity in serum in high dose group, signi-ficant increase of GSSG concentration in intestine in middle and high dose group and significant increase of MDA concentration in liver in low and high dose group were observed. Compared with the control group, a significant increase of TNF-α in liver in middle and high dose group was observed. CONCLUSION TiO₂ nanoparticle can increase antioxidant enzymes activities in blood, increase oxidative biomarkers in liver and intestine, increase inflammatory cytokines in liver in rats after a 28-day sub-acute orally administration. Among blood, liver, intestine, and colon, liver is most sensitive to the toxicity induced by TiO₂ nanoparticles, followed by intestine, blood, and colon in sequence.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; Biomarkers ; Cytokines ; Nanoparticles ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Titanium

Aim To investigate the protective role of salvianolic acid B ( Sal B ) on cardiac hypertrophy in type 2 diabetes mice , and to explore its influence on peroxisome proliferator activated receptors-α( PPARα) .Methods The type 2 diabetes melitus ( T2DM) mouse model was established by 4 weeks ' high fat diets feeding and one time STZ intraperitoneal injection .The animals were randomly divided into:control, T2DM, T2DM+SalB(100 mg· kg -1 · d-1 ) and Sal B(100 mg· kg -1 · d-1 ) groups.Eight weeks later, heart weight, tibial length, cross section area of cardiomyocytes , protein expression of PPARαin heart tissue were recorded .In vitro, high glucose and high insulin ( HGI ) were used to induce hypertrophic growth in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes ( NRC-Ms) .And cell surface area , 3 H-leucine incorporation , 3 H-D-glucose uptake and PPARαprotein level were measured to observe the effect of Sal B and MK 886, a PPARαinhibitor.Results In T2DM model mice, Sal B could lower heart weight/tibial length and cross sec-tion area of cardiomyocytes , while PPARαprotein level in hearts were improved .In cultured cardiomyocytes , Sal B ( 10 ～100 μmol · L-1 ) ameliorated the in-creased levels of cell surface area ,3 H-leucine incorpo-ration and improved the decreased 3 H-D-glucose up-take and PPARαexpression induced by HGI . But those function could be abolished by MK 886.Conclu-sion Sal B ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy in T 2DM mice, which may be related to its function on PPARαactivation .

BACKGROUNDTumor surgery in brain motor functional areas remains challenging. Novel techniques are being developed to gain maximal and safe resection for brain tumor surgery. Herein, we assessed the magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (MR-DTI) and fluorescein sodium dyeing (FLS) guiding technique for surgery of glioma located in brain motor functional areas.

METHODSTotally 83 patients were enrolled according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria (56 patients in experimental group, 27 patients in control group). In the experimental group, the surgical approach was designed by DTI imaging, which showed the relationship between the tumor and motor tract. The range of resection in the operation was determined using the FLS-stained area, which recognized the tumor and its infiltrated tissue. The traditional routine method was used in the control group. Postoperatively, all patients underwent enhanced brain MRI within 72 hours to ascertain the extent of resection. Patients were followed in our outpatient clinic over 6 - 24 months. Neurological deficits and Karnofsky scoring (KPS) were evaluated.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences in balance test indexes of preoperative data (sex, age, lesion location and volume, and neurological deficits before operation) and diagnosis of histopathology between the two groups. There was a trend in the experimental group for greater rates of gross total resection (80.4% vs. 40.7%), and the paralysis rate caused by surgery was lower in experimental (25.0%) vs. control (66.7%) groups (P < 0.05). The 6-month KPS in the low-grade and high-grade gliomas was 91 ± 11 and 73 ± 26, respectively, in the experimental group vs. 82 ± 9 and 43 ± 27, respectively, in the control group (P < 0.05 for both).

CONCLUSIONSMR-DTI and FLS dye guiding for surgery of glioma located in brain motor functional areas can increase the gross total resection rate, decrease the paralysis rate caused by surgery, and improve patient quality of life compared with traditional glioma surgery.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Brain Neoplasms ; pathology ; psychology ; surgery ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; methods ; Female ; Fluorescein ; Glioma ; pathology ; psychology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motor Cortex ; pathology ; Muscle Strength ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVETo explore the improvement effect and the regulating mechanism of electroacupuncture with "Shuanggu Yitong" prescription methods on learning memory and immunosenescence in aging rats with yang deficiency.

METHODSForty female Sprague-Dawley rats, 5-month-old, were randomly divided into a normal control (NC) group, an aging yang deficiency model (M) group, an electroacupuncture with Shuanggu Yitong prescription methods (EA) group and an electroacupuncture control (EAC) group, 10 rats in each group. The aging model rats with yang deficiency were established by hypodermic injection of D-galactose for 40 days and then intramuscular injection of Hydrocortisone for 7 days in the latter three groups except the NC group The EA group was treated with electroacupuncture at "Guanyuan" (CV 4), "Housanli" (ST 36) and "Baihui" (GV 20), and the EAC group was treated with electroacupuncture at "Zhongji" (CV 3), "Yinlingquan" (SP 9) and "Yintang" (EX-HN 3), six times per week for 4 weeks. The escape latency was examined by Morris water maze from the first day of the 4th week. After completion of electroacupuncture treatment, the rate of spleen lymphocyte apoptosis and the serum content of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-alpha) were examined by flow cytometry and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique respectively, the differences among all the groups above were compared.

RESULTSIn comparison with the NC group, the escape latency [(25.4 +/- 3. 6)s vs. (16.23 +/- 2.3)s], the rate of spleen lymphocyte apoptosis [(27.25 +/- 3.3)% vs. (13.2 +/- 3.1)%] and the serum content of TNF-alpha [(15.54 +/- 3.56) pg/mL vs (7.35 +/- 2.89) pg/mL] in the M group those were all significantly increased (all P < 0.01). In the EA group, the escape latency of (17.42 +/- 3.9)s, the rate of spleen lymphocyte apoptosis of (17.2 +/- 3.25)% and the serum content of TNF-alpha of (9.51 +/- 3.53) pg/mL were all significantly lower than those in the M group (all P < 0.01) and the EAC group (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONElectroacupuncture with "Shuanggu Yitong" prescription can significantly improve the spatial learning and memory. The protective mechanism is related with the action of electroacupuncture in lowering the rate of spleen lymphocyte apoptosis and the serum content of TNF-alpha, and the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture at "Guanyuan" (CV 4), "Housanli" (ST 36) and "Baihui" (GV 20) is superior to that of electroacupuncture at "Zhongji" (CV 3), "Yinlingquan" (SP 9) and "Yintang" (EX-HN 3).

Acupuncture Points ; Aging ; immunology ; psychology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; cytology ; immunology ; Memory ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spleen ; cytology ; immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood ; immunology ; Yang Deficiency ; immunology ; physiopathology ; psychology ; therapy

AIMTo investigate the mechanisms of Naoyikang (Traditional Chinese Medicine) on the Alzheimer's Disease (AD) model mice induced by D-galactose (D-gal) and NaNO2.

METHODSThe mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of D-gal and NaNO2. The capacity of learning and memory was tested on mice with electrical maze; the content of nitric oxide (NO) and the activity of monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), Na(+) -K(+) -ATP enzyme and Ca(2+) -ATP enzyme in cerebral cortex and hippocampus were assayed by biochemical methods; expression of Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA was detested by RT-PCR.

RESULTSNaoyikang could ameliorate the capacity of learning and memory of AD model mice and reduce MAO-B activity in the brain tissue and activate the activity of Na(+) -K(+) -ATP enzyme and Ca(2+) -ATP enzyme in the brain tissue and decrease the expression of Bax mRNA, but increase the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA in the model brain tissue.

CONCLUSIONNaoyikang could protect AD model mice induced by D-gal and NaNO2. It could modify the metabolism of monoamine neurotransmitter in brain through reducing MAO-B activity and protect neurons by activating the activity of Na(+) -K(+) -ATP enzyme and Ca(2+) -ATP enzyme and decrease Bax expression and increase Bcl-2 expression in the model brain tissue.

Alzheimer Disease ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Galactose ; Male ; Maze Learning ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Neuroprotective Agents ; therapeutic use ; Phytotherapy ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Sodium Nitrite ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; genetics ; metabolism