Objective To study the difference on knowledge-attitude-practice about rational drug use in tumor patients between urban and rural in Shanxi province, and to provide evidence for further development on health education of rational drug use. Methods A questionnaire investigation was conducted among tumor inpatients in Shanxi Cancer Hospital from May 22 in 2014 to May 30 in 2014. Results A total of 990 tumor patients were involved, including 499 urban patients accounting for 50.4 % and 491 rural patients accounting for 49.6 %. The tumor patients′awareness rates of 'the purchase of antibiotics needs a prescription' in urban and rural areas were the highest, 74.9 % (374/499) and 67.0 % (329/491), respectively, and the awareness rates of 'the meaning of OTC on the medicine package' were the lowest, 22.0 % (110/499) and 18.1 % (89/491), respectively. 96.2%(480/499) urban and 92.7%(455/491) rural tumor patients had developed a correct attitude towards 'irrational drug use will affect health and even life-threatening' which ranked the highest, and the rates of correct attitude towards 'adverse drug reaction is the medical accident' were the lowest, 55.5 %(277/499) and 48.1 % (236/491), respectively. The correct behavior rates of 'read the drug instructions' in urban and rural tumor patients were the highest, 97.8% (488/499) and 95.1 % (467/491), respectively, and the correct behavior rates of 'the expired drug recovery to nearby regular pharmacy' were the lowest, 9.2 %(46/499) and 7.5 % (37/491), respectively. Conclusions The knowledge-attitude-practice about rational drug among urban and rural tumor patients in Shanxi province is not optimistic. It should be provided that individual health education in daily work in order to promote rational drug use, prolong survival time and improve the quality of life for tumor patients.

Objective To explore the resting state cortical activity and frontal asymmetry in alpha oscillations in bipolar depressive patients and its relationship with clinical symptoms. Methods Twelve bipolar depressive patients (pa?tient group) and twenty-four well-matched healthy volunteer (control group) were underwent whole head MEG recording. Individual spectral power and frontal asymmetry index were calculated by using permutation test to discover the differenc?es in δ, θ, α1, α2, α3, β bands between the two groups among the regions of interested (bilateral central, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe). The correlation analysis were used to analyze the association between power of brain regions with significant difference and the Hamilton depression rating scale17 scores as well as factor items in patients. Results Compared with the control group, the activity of various regions was increased in the patient group as follows:theδband in the left central and left occipital lobes, theθband in the left occipital lobe, theβband in left cen?tral, right frontal, left parietal lobe and right parietal lobe. The power ofα2 andα3 frequency bands was decreased in the bilateral temporal lobes (P<0.05, uncorrected). A negative correlation was observed between the right temporalα3 power and recognition item scores for bipolar depression (P<0.05). Conclusion The present study suggests that bipolar depres?sive patients have impaired neural activity at many bands and the symptom of cognitive impairment may be associated with dysfunction ofα3 band.

DNA Fingerprinting ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; Homicide ; Humans ; Mitochondria

OBJECTIVE: To observe the efficacy of intratympanic steroid injection as supplementary or initial treatment for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). METHOD: A total of 68 patients diagnosed with SSNHL were randomized into group A (45 cases including systemic steroid for 33 cases and systemic steroid + intratympanic steroid as supplementary treatment for 12 cases) and group B (23 cases, initial intratympanic steroid). Then observe the therapeutic effect in two groups. RESULT: The total effective rate was 55.6% in group A and 56.5% in group B. No statistical difference was detected between these two groups (P > 0.05). There was statistical difference after therapy of intratympanic steroid as supplementary treatment for 12 patients due to poor hearing improvement after systemic steroid in group A (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Both systemic and intratympanic steroid injection for SSNHL are effective. The efficiency of intratympanic steroid injection as supplementary or initial treatment for SSNHL is similar to that of systemic steroid. The intratympanic steroid injection for SSNHL as initial protocol or as supplementary treatment when poor hearing improvement after systemic steroid is recommended.
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; drug therapy ; Hearing Loss, Sudden ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Injection, Intratympanic ; Steroids ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Tympanic Membrane

Objective To look for the genes of Schistosoma japonicum related to the Schistosoma-resistance of Microtus fortis.Methods The fresh sera of Microtus fortis were used to screen a T7 phage display cDNA library from worms of Schistosoma japonicum established in our lab.The positive clones were sequenced and functionally analysed through bioinformatics.Results The specific phages binding to the sera of Microtus fortis were enriched 857-fold after three rounds of biopanning,and 58 positive clones picked at random were sequenced and 10 ESTs were obtained.BLASTn results showed that 7 ESTs had 99%-100% similarity to the genes of Shistosoma japonicum reported in GenBank and 1 EST had 82% similarity to a zinc finger protein encoden gene from Pan troglodytes.The results of these ESTs function prediction indicated most of them were involved in the regulation of gene expresion of Schistosoma japonicum.Conclusions Several target genes of Schistosoma japonicum related to the Schistosoma-resistance of Microtus fortis are obtained and those would lay foundation to expatiate the native resistance mechnism of Microtus fortis to Schistosoma japonicum.

Objective To re-evaluate the immunogenicity of meningococcal serogroups A and C polysaccharide vaccine among a healthy population of age 5 to 59.Methods Pre and post-vaccination ser-um samples were collected from the subjects involved in a randomized , controlled clinical trial conducted in 2005 at Hechi, Guangxi, China.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed for the quan-titative detection of specific anti-capsule IgG antibody against meningococcal serogroups A and C in serum samples.Serum bactericidal assay ( SBA) was used to measure the bactericidal antibody activity against se-rougroups A and C bacterial strains .Results Geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of specific anti-cap-sule IgG antibody were 23.66 μg/ml and 78.83 μg/ml for serogroup A (P<0.05), and 1.23 μg/ml and 51.25 μg/ml for serogroup C (P<0.05) in serum samples of pre and post-vaccination, respectively.Be-fore immunization , 99% of serum samples ( 97/98 ) showed serogroup A-specific IgG concentration ≥2μg/ml, which reached up to 100%(98/98) after vaccination (P>0.05).The percentage of serum sam-ples with serogroup C-specific IgG concentration ≥2 μg/ml rose from 20%to 99% after vaccination ( P<0.05).The ratio of positive serum samples with at least four times of increases in concentration of specific IgG against serogroup A and serogroup C after vaccine immunization were 34% and 100%, respectively . The rSBA geometric mean titers ( GMTs) for serogroups A and C in serum sample of post-vaccination were respectively elevated from 1164 to 5530 (P<0.05), and from 4 to 6225 (P<0.05).The percentage of se-rum samples with rSBA GMTs≥128 increased from 91% to 99% for serogroup A (P>0.05), and from 14%to 96%for serogroup C (P<0.05) after vaccination.The rSBA GMTs with at least four times of in-creases after vaccination were detected respectively in 53% and 100% of serogroups A and C vaccinated subjects.Pearson correlation coefficient between IgG concentration and rSBA GMTs was r=0.15 (pre) and r=0.23 (post) for serogroup A, and r=-0.14 (pre) and r=0.58 (post) for serogroup C (P<0.05). Conclusion This study has demonstrated an efficient and sustained immunogenicity with meningococcal sero -groups A and C polysaccharide vaccine as evidenced by the data from standardized assays of ELISA and SBA .

Objective To investigate the independent factors influencing the efficacy of pre-hospital CPR effect. Method The data base with 1376 cases was set up with EpiData software by means of questionnaires and the information was provided by the survivals from cardiopulmonary arrest( CA)saved with cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR), and the data were analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software to carry out binary logistic regression. Through single factor analysis, the factors with emerged statistical significance were chosen as variances. Results With regard to the restoration of spontaneous circulation(ROSC), the rescue did by the first witness was the protective factor(PF)( OR = 2.21, P = 0.001, 95.0% CI=1.356-3.602); the male was the risk factor(RF) contrasted with the female( OR = 0. 515, P =0. 006, 95.0%0 CI = 0.320 - 0. 26) ; ages between 20 and 29 years old had higher likelihood of ROSC than group ≥81 years old( OR = 3.241, P = 0.026, 95.0%CI = 1.146 -9.138); the length of CA time before CPR was RF(OR = 0.913, P = 0.000, 95.0%CI = 0.887-0.948);ventricular fibrillation(VF) was PF compared with asystole( OR = 5.092, P = 0.000, 95.0%CI=2.927 -8.861); electric shock was PF(OR = 3.384, P = 0.000, 95.0%CI = 2.033 - 5.635); epinephrine dosage 0 - 4 mg had higher likelihood of ROSC than > 5 nag dosage( OR = 3. 255, P = 0. 001, 95.0% CI = 1. 606 -6.597). In respect of probability about victims at the tittle reached hospital alive, ages of 2- 12 and 13 - 19 years old had higher rations than ≥81 years old( OR = 12.818, P = 0.029, 95.0% CI = 1.299 - 126.508)( OR = 10.505, P = 0.036, 95.0% CI = 1.161-95.058); the length of CA time before CPR was RF(OR =0.862, P = 0.000, 95.0%CI = 0.821-0.906); VF was PF compared with asystole(OR = 7.330, P =0.000, 95.0%CI = 3.962 - 13.560). Conclusions ECG change before CPR, rescue by the first witness,electric shock, the length of CA time before CPR, epinephrine dosage, gender and age were independent influencing factors of pre-hospital CPR for the emergency of ROSC. Age, the length of CA time before CPR and ECG before CPR were influencing factors of pre-hospital CPR for patients at the time transferred to hospital alive.

Objective: To systematically review the safety and efifciency for dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) ≤ 6 months and DAPT ≥ 12 months in patients after drug eluting stent (DES) implantation. Methods: We collected the data for randomized clinical trials for DAPT ≤ 6 months and DAPT ≥ 12 months in patients after DES implantation up to 2015-01 by searching the literatures of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Chinese literature database, and meanwhile collected the relevant reporting cases from both domestic and international cardiovascular conferences for this study. There were 2 investigators independently conducted the literature screening, data extraction and quality evaluation, Meta analysis was performed with STATA 12.0 software. Results: A total of 15,378 patients from 7 eligible studies were enrolled and the patients were divided into 2 groups: DAPT ≤ 6 months group,n=7672 and DAPT ≥ 12 months group,n=7706. Meta analysis indicated that DAPT ≤ 6 months could effectively reduce the major bleeding (OR=0.58, 95% CI 0.37-0.91,P=0.017). While the other incidences between 2 groups were similar as all cause death (OR=0.90, 95% CI 0.73-1.11,P=0.314), cardiac death (OR=0.93, 95% CI 0.70-1.24,P=0.617), myocardial infarction (OR=1.13, 95% CI 0.91-1.41,P=0.275), in stent thrombosis (OR=1.21, 95% CI 0.79-1.85,P=0.382) and cerebrovascular accidents (OR=1.00, 95% CI 0.66-1.51,P=1.000). Conclusion: The incidence rates of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events are similar in patients with DAPT ≤ 6 months and DAPT ≥ 12 months after DES implantation. DAPT ≤ 6 month had the lower risk of bleeding, which is rather suitable for the patients received new generation of DES, with higher risk of bleeding, lower risk of thrombosis and with poor compliance to medication; however, the large and randomized clinical trials are needed to make ifnal conclusion.

Three-dimensional ordered porous carbon materials exhibit potential application prospects as excellent drug supports in drug delivery systems due to their high specific surface area, tunable pore structure, and excellent biocompatibility. In this study, three-dimensional ordered porous carbon materials were prepared using Acanthopanax senticosus herbal residues as raw material and KOH as activating agent through a one-step pyrolysis method. The prepared carbon-based material was systematically characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, N₂ adsorption-desorption and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the three-dimensional ordered porous carbon materials prepared with KOH as the activator via pyrolysis possess abundant functional groups, high porosity, and high specific surface area, with a specific surface area of 1 471.6 m²·g^-1. The three-dimensional ordered porous carbon materials prepared at 800 ℃ exhibits a high drug loading capacity (78.0%) and drug release rate (86.8%) for 5-fluorouracil. Three-dimensional orderly porous carbon materials show significant application advantages in drug construction, and their high specific surface area and adjustable pore size structure significantly improve the drug load rate and drug release rate, providing a solid foundation for the development of efficient and accurate drug delivery system.

OBJECTIVETo identify patterns of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) incidence in China during declining incidence periods of 2008, 2009, and 2010.

METHODSReported HFMD cases over a period of 25 months were extracted from the National Disease Reporting System (NDRS) and analyzed. An interrupted time series (ITS) technique was used to detect changes in HFMD incidence rates in terms of level and slope between declining incidence periods of the three years.

RESULTSOver 3.58 million HFMD cases younger than 5 years were reported to the NDRS between May 1, 2008, and May 31, 2011. Males comprised 63.4% of the cases. ITS analyses demonstrated a significant increase in incidence rate level (P<0.0001) when comparing the current period with the previous period. There were significant changes in declining slopes when comparing 2010 to 2009, and 2010 to 2008 (all P<0.005), but not 2009 to 2008.

CONCLUSIONIncremental changes in incidence rate level during the declining incidence periods of 2009 and 2010 can potentially be attributed to a few factors. The more steeply declining slope in 2010 compared with previous years could be ascribed to the implementation of more effective interventions and preventive strategies in 2010. Further investigation is required to examine this possibility.

China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Models, Statistical ; Population Surveillance ; Time Factors