Objective:To investigate the shaping and cleaning ability of Reciproc(RE),OneShape(OS)and ProTaper(PT)in oval-shaped root canal preparation.Methods:The canals of 57 distal roots of mandibular first molars were randomly divided into 3 groups and prepared by RE,OS and PT respectively.The preparation time was recorded.After instrumentation,all root canal walls were examined under SEMand evaluated by scores of debris and smear layer.The 3D data and images of the roots of pre-and post-preparation were con-structed by Micro-CT scanning.Results:Group RE and OS showed lower scores of debris and smear layer than those in group PT at the apical level(P <0.05),and less preparation time (P <0.05).Before and after preparation,the changes of root canal morphological pa-rameters (including volume,surface,area,major diameter and minor diameter)in OS group were less than those in group RE and PT(P<0.05).The changes of canal curvature in group PT was larger than that in group RE and OS (P <0.05).Conclusion:RE and OS are more effective than PT in debridement and faster in root canal preparation.RE and OS can maintain the centering of original canal better than PT in the apical part of the root canal.The shaping ability of OS is weaker than that of RE and PT.

Objective To summarize our experiences of management for hypogastric artery in endovascular repair(EVR) of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm(IAAA).Methods From July,1997 to March,2007,62 cases of IAAAs required special management of the internal iliac artery(IIA) during the EVR.Among them,57 cases were type C AAA who included 35 cases of unilateral common iliac artery(CIA) bifurcations and 22 cases of bilateral iliac bifurcations.The remaining 5 cases involved superior iliac bifurcations.Various techniques including simple coverage by stent-graft,embolization of the IIA trunk combined with stent-graft covering,reconstruction of the IIA and combination of the above techniques were applied according to the different conditions of the IIA involved.Results None of the 62 patients required conversion to surgical repair.Immediate post operational angiography demonstrated type Ⅰ endoleak in 6 cases(9.7%).Claudication due to gluteus ischemia occurred in 5 cases(8.1%),leg numbness in 1 case(1.6%),and severe constipation in 1 case(1.6%),but no buttock and colorectal necrosis was recorded.Conclusion It is important to preserve one of the hypogastric arteries and avoid occlusion of both hypogastric arteries in EVR of IAAA.

Objective:To observe the reliability and clinical implement of flexible ureteroscope combined with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy to treat the kidney stones with a diameter of more than 2cm. Methods:The diagnosed 80 cases of kidney stones (all with a diameter of more than 2cm) patients in our hospital were chosen, randomly divided into two groups, URL group and PCNL group,each of them with 40 cases. Surgical curative effect, operation time, postoperative complications, hospitalization days and the change of NGAL levels and the change of urine levels Kim-1 preoperative and postoperative blood 3 days of two groups were observed and compared. Results: Comparing with the PCNL group, the surgical curative effect, operation time and postoperative complications of the URL group have no significant difference, but the hospitalization days between are significantly different(t=8.433, P<0.05);In terms of NGAL, Kim-1, the postoperative 1d of PCNL group is significantly higher than preoperative, NGAL postoperative 1d of URL group is significantly higher than preoperative (t=3.319, P<0.05). Conclusion:It was reliable that flexible ureteroscope combined with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy to treat the kidney stones with a diameter of more than 2cm, lower complication rate, worthy of clinical.

Proteome research has become a new hot spot in the post-genome era. High-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), which provides the most comprehensive analysis system of the whole proteome, was highly improved in recent years. With the development of computer techniques, the powerful and user-friendly image analysis systems appeared to help high-throughput, large-scale proteomic studies. Using new generation two-dimensional image analysis software, ImageMaster 2D Elite, the 2D gels of proteins extracted from cultured Schwann’s cells were processed. The analysis procedure, including image acquirement, spot detection, match, background subtraction, pI/Mr calibration, analysis results report and database query, were reported and discussed.

OBJECTIVETo explore the possible pain mechanism of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS).

METHODSThe models of CP/CPPS were established in male Wistar rats by the autoimmune method. The paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) was detected using Von Frey filament. The expressions of the substance P and c-fos in the prostate and spinal L5-S2 segments were determined by immunohistochemistry followed by analysis of their correlation with CP/CPPS.

RESULTSCompared with the control rats, the CP/CPPS models showed significantly decreased PWT (P < 0.05), remarkable prostatic inflammation, enlarged scope of lesions, and obvious interstitial lymphocytic infiltration (P < 0.05). Both the expressions of substance P and c-fos were markedly elevated in the prostate and spinal dorsal horn (L5-S2) of the rat models (P < 0.05), but the expression of substance P in the prostate exhibited no correlation with that in the spinal cord (r = 0.099, P = 0.338), nor did that of c-fos (r = 0.027, P = 0.454).

CONCLUSIONThe upregulated expressions of substance P and c-fos in the spinal cord L5-S2 sections may be associated with the pain mechanism of CP/CPPS.

Animals ; Chronic Disease ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Pelvic Pain ; etiology ; metabolism ; Prostate ; metabolism ; Prostatitis ; complications ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spinal Cord ; metabolism ; Substance P ; metabolism ; Syndrome ; Up-Regulation

Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is a tumor associated protein which is able to be a potent anticancer target, since it is highly expressed in a multitude of carcinomas, while it is present in a limited number of normal tissues. This review focuses on its role in tumor physiology, the most recent three dimensional structure features of this enzyme which has recently been elucidated. In addition, we present recent advances in the development of small inhibitors able to target CA IX for therapeutic applications.

0.05), but each gene expression level was higher in schizophrenic or siblings than in normal controls(P0.05), and the correlation between the gene expression levels of IL-1? and TNF-? were significant in all groups(r=0.847 or 0.942, P

Sleep disorders are commonly occurred among patients with Parkinson's disease,such as difficulties in the initiation of sleep,fragmented sleep,sleep behavior disorder and excessive daytime sleepiness.The mechanism of sleep disorders associated with Parkinson's disease is not clear,which may be associated with the injury of brain stem,nuclei of median raphe,nuclei fasciculi solitarii,thalamencephalon and the changes of neurotransmitters as dopamine,hypocretin(orexin) and melatonin.This article gives an overview of the mechanism of sleep disorders associated with Parkinson's disease.

OBJECTIVETo study the possible mechanisms of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP) pain.

METHODSCNP models were established in male Wistar rats by the autoimmune method. Then the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) was detected using the Von Frey filament, prostate pathological examination was conducted, the expressions of substance P (SP) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in the prostate tissue and L5-S2 spinal segments were determined by immunohistochemistry and their correlations were analyzed.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the CNP model rats showed markedly decreased PWT (P < 0.05) and obvious inflammation in the prostate tissue, with significant differences in the scope of lesion and interstitial lymphocyte infiltration (P < 0.05). The expressions of SP and TRPV1 in the prostate and spinal cord dorsal horn L5-S2 were remarkably upregulated in the models as compared with the control rats (P < 0.05). However, the expression of SP in the prostate was not correlated with that in the spinal cord (r = 0.099, P = 0.338), nor was that of TRPV1 (r = 0.000, P = 0.5).

CONCLUSIONSP and TRPV1 were involved in the formation and persistence of pain in CNP rats through their upregulated expressions in the L5-S2 spinal segments.

Animals ; Lumbosacral Region ; Male ; Neuralgia ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Pain ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Prostate ; metabolism ; Prostatitis ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spinal Cord ; metabolism ; Substance P ; metabolism ; TRPV Cation Channels ; metabolism

Objectives To investigate the role of angiogenic T cells (Tang) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. To explore the relationship between Tang and EPC. Methods From Mar 2013 to Aug 2014, 40 patients diagnosed preeclampsia (PE) and delivered in Hunan Provincial People′s Hospital. A total of 20 of them were defined as the mild preeclampsia group and the other 20 cases were recruited as the severe preeclampsia group. And 24 healthy pregnant women wererecruited as the control group. The percentage of Tang and EPC in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were determinated by flow cytometry between 28 and 40 gestational weeks. Results (1) There was no significant difference in the age, pre-pregnancy body mass index(Pre-BMI) or gestational age among the three groups (P>0.05). The differences of blood pressure among the three groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). The gestational week at delivery, the birthweight of the neonates and the 1 minute Apgar score in the severe preeclampsia group were lower than those in the mild preeclampsia group and the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The morbidity of neonatal asphyxia in the severe preeclampsia group was 35%(7/20);and in the mild preeclampsia group it was 5%(1/20), with statistically significant difference( P<0.05). (2) The percentage of Tang in maternal peripheral blood was(52.7 ± 8.0)%, (47.5 ± 8.8)% and (45.5 ± 8.7)% in the control group, the mild preeclampsia group and the severe preeclampsia group, respectively. The difference among the three groups was significant (F=4.248,P<0.05), and SNK q analysis showed there was significant difference between the control group and the severe preeclampsia group(P<0.05).While there was no statistically significant difference between the mild and the severe preeclampsia group, nor between the control group and the mild preeclampsia group(P>0.05). (3) The percentage of EPC in maternal peripheral blood was (0.16±0.07)%, (0.09±0.07)%and (0.08±0.05)%in the control group, the mild and the severe preeclampsia group, respectively. Analysis of variance showed that difference among the three groups was significant (F=9.351, P<0.05). The percentage of EPC in the mild or the severe preeclampsia group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). (4) There was no statistically significant correlation between the Tang level and the EPC level in the control group ( r=-0.325, P>0.05). In the preeclampsia group (including mild and severe cases), there was positive correlation between the Tang level and EPC level (r=0.667, P<0.01). The positive correlation between Tang level and EPC level were proved respectively in the mild preeclampsia group (r=0.803, P<0.01) and the severe preeclampsia group (r= 0.520, P<0.05). Conclusions The number of Tang had some correlation with the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. The percentage of Tang had positive correlation with the level of EPC in women with preeclampsia. Tang might have some influence on the change of EPC′ level. Tang together with EPC were likely to contribute to the angiogenesis in preeclampsia.