Objective: To observe the immunohistochemical localization of enamelin in enamel formationand mineralization. Methods: Tissue sections of the first mandibular molar tooth germ from 1, 3, 7, 10, 14 days rats after birth were prepared, expression of the enamelin protein was identified by immunohistochemical technique. Results: Enamelin was found in the cytoplasm of ameloblasts in 1-10 days old rat postnatal first mandibular molar tooth germs. Enamelin appeared weakly in the tooth germs of 1 day rats. From 3 to 10 days, enamelin localized both in the cytoplasm of ameloblasts and the uncalcified enamel from the dentino-enamel junction to surfaces of the tooth. Enamelin protein was negative in the tooth germs of 14 days rats postnatally. Conclusion: Enamelin protein is synthesised and secreted by ameloblasts, specially localized in enamel from DEJ to surfaces of the tooth, suggesting that enamelin has important roles in enamel formation.

Chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extract of Sapium sebiferum leaves were isolated and purified by various chromatographic methods, including column chromatographies over silica gel, macroporous adsorption resin, and Sephadex LH-20, as well as preparative TLC and semi preparative HPLC. As a results, 15 compounds were separated from Sapium sebiferum leaves and their structures were examined by spectral analysis including NMR and MS data and identified as( + )-(7R,7'R,7"S,7'"S,8S,8'S,8"S,8'"S)-4", 4"'-dihydroxy-3,3',3",3',5,5'-hexamethoxy-7,9';7',9-diepoxy-4,8";4',8'"-bisoxy-8,8'-dineo-lignan-7",7"',9",9"'-tetraol(1) ,1-(4'- hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4"-(3-hydroxypropyl) -2", 6"-dimethoxyphenoxy] propane-1, 3-diol (2), Thero-2, 3-bis-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxypheyl)-3-methoxy-propanol(3) , threo-5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyphenyl propane-8,9-diol (4), boropinol B (5), threo-8S-7-methoxysyringylglycerol(6), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(7), 5-( methoxy-methyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde (8), quercetin (9) , kaempferol (10), ethyl gallate(11), coniferaldehyde(12), vanillin(13), 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-1-henzopyran-2-one(14),and 1-heptacosanol (15). All compounds except for compounds 9-11,14 were separated from this plant for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Sapium ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the effects of exogenous IGF- Ⅰon apoptosis, bax,bcl-2 and caspase-3 gene mRNA transcription in intestinal mucosal epithelial cell of SAP rats. Method Seventy-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (SO),SAP group(SAP) and IGF-Ⅰ treatment (SAP + IGF-Ⅰ) group.Every group was randomly divided into 3 time units (6,12,24 h),8 rats as each time unit. SAP was induced in the rats by injecting adversely 5.0 % sodium taurocholate into biliary-pancreafic duct. The SO rats were infused with NS by the same way. The rats in IGF-Ⅰgroup were injected with IGF-Ⅰ by subcutano at half an hour before operation and three hours after operation,respectively. Animals in each group were killed separately at 6,12 and 24 hours after operation.The apoptosis in mucesal cells of small intestine was detected by TUNEL, and histo pathological changes of the small intestine was observed. The expressions of bax and bcl-2 and caspase-3 mR-NA gene in small intestine were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results Compared with the SAP group,the serum amylase were lower in IGF-Ⅰ group,and there existed significant at 12 h and24 h (P < 0.05).The pathological score of small intestinal was significantly reduced in IGF-Ⅰ group com-pared with SAP group,and there were statistical differences at 12 h and 24 h.ln IGFo-Ⅰ group,the apoptosis index of intestinal epithelial decreased significantly compared with SAP group[6 h: (13.88±1.73) vs. (19.00±2.78) ;12h:(10.13±1.55) vs. (17.63±.60);24 h:(9.50±1.07) vs. (17.25±2.76)] (P <0.05); the histopathdogical changes were more improved compared wit SAP group under the electronic microscope; the expres-sion of bax mRNA [6 h:(1.35±0.18) vs.(0.85±0.12);12 h:(1.21±0.21) vs. (0.86±0.24);24 h:(1.14±0.24) vs. (0.95±0.22)] and caspese-3 mRNA[6 h:(0.78±0.01) vs. (0.55±0.04);12 h:(0.79±0.04) vs. (0.57±0.05) ;24 h: (0.81±0.06) vs. (0.55±0.01) (P < 0.01)] were higher in three time units in SAP group than those in SO group (P < 0.01) ,and in IGF-1 group it was weakened significantly compared with the SAP group at each time point (P <0.05). bcl-2 mRNA expression was weak and have no difference between the SO group and SAP group (P > 0.05), but increased signifycantly in the IGF-± group at each time point [6 h:(0.65±0.07) vs. (0.54±0.04) vs. (0.57±0.06);12 h:(0.69±0.04) vs. (0.56±0.05) vs. (0.53±0.05);24h:(0.72±0.05) vs. (0.54±0.07) vs. (0.58±0.08)] (P <0.05). Conclusions Exogenous IGF-Ⅰ could rivalry SAP induced apoptosis to mucosal cells of small intestine , then could alleviate SAP induced injury to intestinal mucosal, It may be associated with the mechanisms that IGF-Ⅰ could improve the expression of bcl-2 mRNA and inhibit the expression of bax,caspase-3 mRNA.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of measurement of SARP2 methylation in peripheral blood for detection of pancreatic cancer in human. Methods Peripheral vein blood of 12 patients with primary pancreatic cancers, 10 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 6 health volunteers were collected. Serum free DNA were extracted from blood samples, and were modified with bisulfate, and SARP2 gene extron 1 were amplified through BSP and sequencing of the production. Results There were 12 patients (83 %) with pancreatic cancer and 10 patients (40%) with chronic pancreatitis had obvious methylation in SARP2 gene in peripheral blood. The rate of CpG methylation in SARP2 gene extron 1 of pancreatic cancer, chronic pancreatitis and health volunteers was 16. 8% , 10. 4% and 2. 2% respectively. There was statistically significant difference among the three groups (P<0.01 or P< 0.05). Conclusions Aberrant methylation of SARP2 gene could be detected in peripheral blood in patients with pancreatic cancer, the detection of SARP2 gene methylation may have potential clinical implication for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

Objective To assess the methylation patterns in CpG islands of SPARC genes and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters. Methods Bisulfite treatment of genomie DNA and sequencing analysis was used to study methylation patterns in the CpG islands of SPARC genes in fresh tissues from 6 cases of chronic pancreatitis, 6 normal pancreatic tissues, 17 pancreatic adenocarcinoma and the cancer adjacent tissues, as well as 6 normaI blood samples for normal control, and compared the results with clinicopathological parameters. Results WBC DNA showed no methylation of SPARC gene CpG islands. The methylation rates in CpG islands of SPARC genes in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, the cancer adjacent tissues, chronic pancreatitis and normal pancreatic groups (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 CpG sites) were 61.6%, 47.1%, 37.5%, 24.7%, respectively. The methylation rates in CpG islands (1, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 sites) were 52.0%, 28.7%, 16.7% and 0. The difference were statistically significant between the pancreatic adenocarcinoma and chronic pancreatitis as well as normal pancreas groups (P＜0.001), and the difference were not statistically significant between the pancreatic adenocarcinoma and the cancer adjacent tissues. CpG hypermethylation were not related to risk factors such as smoking, alcohol, history of CP, the tumor size, differentiation and TNM staging, lymph node metastasis. Conclusions CpG in SPARC gene extron 1 was hypermethylated in pancreatic cancer, and this may be an early event in the development of pancreatic cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the lesion conspicuity and image quality in CT evaluation of small (< or = 3 cm) hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) using automatic tube voltage selection (ATVS) and automatic tube current modulation (ATCM) with or without iterative reconstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and five patients with 123 HCC lesions were included. Fifty-seven patients were scanned using both ATVS and ATCM and images were reconstructed using either filtered back-projection (FBP) (group A1) or sinogram-affirmed iterative reconstruction (SAFIRE) (group A2). Forty-eight patients were imaged using only ATCM, with a fixed tube potential of 120 kVp and FBP reconstruction (group B). Quantitative parameters (image noise in Hounsfield unit and contrast-to-noise ratio of the aorta, the liver, and the hepatic tumors) and qualitative visual parameters (image noise, overall image quality, and lesion conspicuity as graded on a 5-point scale) were compared among the groups. RESULTS: Group A2 scanned with the automatically chosen 80 kVp and 100 kVp tube voltages ranked the best in lesion conspicuity and subjective and objective image quality (p values ranging from < 0.001 to 0.004) among the three groups, except for overall image quality between group A2 and group B (p = 0.022). Group A1 showed higher image noise (p = 0.005) but similar lesion conspicuity and overall image quality as compared with group B. The radiation dose in group A was 19% lower than that in group B (p = 0.022). CONCLUSION: CT scanning with combined use of ATVS and ATCM and image reconstruction with SAFIRE algorithm provides higher lesion conspicuity and better image quality for evaluating small hepatic HCCs with radiation dose reduction.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Algorithms ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/*radiography ; Contrast Media ; Female ; Fluoroscopy ; Humans ; Image Enhancement/*methods ; Liver Neoplasms/*radiography ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/*methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/*methods ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the latent infection caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71) among healthy people in Tianjin and to provide evidence on prevention and control hand-food and mouth diseases (HFMD). Methods 1611 sera specimens were collected from healthy people in Tianjin while EV71 antibody was detected by neutralization test, and then the results were analyzed statistically. Results For determining positivity, the cut-point was set at 1:4. The positive rate was 66.79%( 1076/1611) for EV71 neutralizing antibody. The lowest positive rate was 32.71% in the 0-5 age group while the highest rate was 76.67% in the 16-25 age group. Significant difference was seen in the positive rates among different age groups. The lowest positive rate (59.05%) was seen in the city areas while the highest rate (72.35%) was seen in the surrounding counties. 5.71% of the people being tested showed their neutralizing antibody as ≥1:256. The difference was statistically significant on positive rates among different areas. We constructed logistic regression models with the EV71 neutralizing antibody positive rate as the dependent variable and age, sex, floating population, area etc. as independent variables. There appeared statistical significances in all the independent variables. Conclusion Age seemed a risk factor for recessive infection of EV71, and the neutralizing antibody against EV71 might not be kept permanently. In order to prevent and control the HFMD, more attention should be paid to the areas where more floating population were resided.

OBJECTIVETo explore the pharmacokinetics of amphotericin B (AMB) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during continuous intrathecal administration of AMB for treatment of cryptococcal neoformans meningitis (CNM).

METHODSThe concentration of AMB in the CSF was measured using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) in 3 patients receiving continuous intrathecal infusion of AMB for CNM.

RESULTSAMB concentrations in the CSF of the 3 patients exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AMB against Cryptococcus neoformans. The concentration-time curve showed that AMB concentration in the CSF underwent obvious variations on the first day of intrathecal infusion and after additional AMB doses, but maintained a stable level (0.61-1.21 µg/ml) on the next day.

CONCLUSION[corrected] Continuous intrathecal administration of AMB can enhance the drug concentration in the CSF and maintain a stable and effective drug level for treatment of CNM.

Adolescent ; Amphotericin B ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Antifungal Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; metabolism ; Cryptococcus neoformans ; isolation & purification ; Female ; Humans ; Infusions, Spinal ; methods ; Male ; Meningitis, Cryptococcal ; drug therapy ; metabolism

Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; immunology ; Atrazine ; analysis ; immunology ; Chromatography, Gas ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Food Contamination ; analysis ; Herbicides ; analysis ; immunology ; Mass Spectrometry

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility and efficiency of a novel magnetic compression anastomats (MCAs) in intestinal anastomosis.

METHODSA total of 36 male mongrel canines underwent intestinal anastomosis using traditional hand-sewn (n=18) or a novel MCAs (n= 18). We compared the anastomosis time, postoperative complications, bursting strength of anastomoses, gross appearance, and pathology between two groups at each timepoint of follow-up.

RESULTSThe mean anastomosis time with MCAs was significantly less than that with hand-sewn (8.50 +/- 1.95 vs. 31.1 +/- 4.32 minutes, P<0.001). The blood stools and intussusceptions occurred in both groups during follow-up period. Only 1 mongrel canine receiving intestinal anastomosis by MCAs experienced anastomotic leakage. The average bursting pressure of anastomoses obtained from mongrel canines undergoing intestinal anastomosis by MCAs was significantly higher than that by traditional hand-sewn at 1 week's follow-up time (P<0.05). Gross appearance of the anastomoses constructed by MCAs was relatively smoother and flatter. Pathological evalution of anastomoses revealed that general inflammation was greater in hand-sewn anastomoses than magnetic anastomosis.

CONCLUSIONThe magnetic compression anastomat is a safe and effective device of sutureless intestinal anastomosis in canine models.

Anastomosis, Surgical ; methods ; Animals ; Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Dogs ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Intestines ; surgery ; Magnetics ; Male ; Postoperative Complications