AIM:To analyse the chemical constituents of volatile components from Viola yedoensis Makino. METHODS: The essential oils from Viola yedoensis Makino(collected from Jinhua city and Changchun city) were extracted by steam distillation.The chemical compounds were separated and identified by GC-MS.The relative content of each component was determined by area normalization. RESULTS: Twenty-five and twenty-three constituents were separated from Viola yedoensis Makino collected from Changchun city and Jinhua city;twenty-one and twenty-two compounds were identified respectively.The ratios of identification of total compounds were 88.00% and 91.30% respectively. CONCLUSION: There are significant difference between two varieties of Viola yedoensis Makino,the main coustituents in each plant are n-hexadecanoic acid(16.77%)and phytol(26.97%).

Objective To investigate the feasibility of laparoscopic cholecystectomy through the transumbilical approach.Methods The clinical data of 18 patients underwent endoscopic cholecystectomy through only one transumbilical incision at West China Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Results All of the operations were successfully completed without conversion to routine laparoscopic surgery or open surgery.The operation time was 40-130(58?10)min.There was no intraoperative complication.The patients did well postoperatively and were discharged 1 day after operation.There was no postoperative complications and without visible abdominal scar on 1 month follow-up.Conclusions Laparoscopic cholecystectomy through the transumbilical approach is technically feasible and safe.But this technique is difficult,the patients should be selected carefully.

Methoxyadiantifoline 10 mg/kg i.v. significantly increased the arrhythmia- inducing dose of aconitine in anaesthetized rats, and that of ouabain in anaesthetized guinea pigs. It markedly prevented ventr icular fibrillation induced by chloroform. Methoxyadiantifoline is also effective in preventing reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in anaesthetized rats. It was demonstrated that methoxyadiantifoline slowed heart rate significantly, and prolonged P-R and Q-Tc interval of ECG in rats.

Objective To investigate the possible protective effect of neurotropin on the corresponding spinal cord motoneuron after sciatic nerve injury early in rats.Methods 108 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided randomly into Groups A,B and C with 36 animals in each group,and all animals were cut both side of sciatic nerve,instantly make the operation of end-to-end anastomose of epineurium for abscised sciatic nerve.Group A was control group.Group B was treated with neurotropin and Group C was treated with normal saline after operation.The rats were sacrificed on 1st d,4th d,9th d,14th d,21st d and 28th d after operation.The corresponding spinal cord segments(L4～L6)were gotten to make Bcl-2 and Bax immunohistochemical staining and TUNEL staining.Results The values of Bcl-2/Bax on 9th d,14th d and 21st d after operation of Group B were different from that of Group A and Group C.The number of positive cells stained by TUNEL staining on 9th d was significantly different among Group A,Group B and Group C(v<0.05).The expression of positive TUNEL staining cells reached a peak on 14th d after operation,the number of Group B was less than that of Group A and Group C.Conclusion After instantly make the operation of end-to-end anastomose of epineurium for abscised sciatic nerve,neurotropin can protect the spinal cord motoneurons to avoid apoptosis excessively in some extent.

Objective To investigate the relationship of fetal total bile acid (TBA) concentration with the change of fetal pancreas endocrine secretion and its impact on fetal growth and development in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy(ICP). Methods The concentrations of TBA, insulin, glucagon and glucose in the cord blood were measured in 30 fetuses with maternal ICP (case group) and 30 fetuses of normogravidas(control group) after elective cesarean section during the same period in the Department of Obstetrics of Xiangya Second Hospital of Central South University from March 2007 to February 2008. The cord blood TBA concentration was investigated by enzyme method and the concentrations of insulin and glucagon were investigated by radioimmunoassay. The glucose was measured by oxidase-superoxide method. The neonatal weight, length and the ponderal index (PI) were measured after parturition. Results (1) The cord blood insulin concentration (9.0±3.3) mU/L and the ratio of insulin over glucagon 0. 048±0. 028 in the case group was significantly lower than that of controls(10.1±3.7) mU/L,0.050±0. 020 (P<0.05). The concentrations of TBA(10.3±3. 8)μmol/L and glucagon(235±57) ng/L in case group were obviously higher than that in controls (4.1±1.3)μol/L, (205±34) ng/L(P<0.05). But no difference was shown in the glucose concentration in cord blood between the ease and control groups [(3.4±1.1) mmol/L vs (3.6± 1.2 )mmol/L, P > 0.05]. (2)The neonatal weight and length in case group were significantly lower than that of control [(3163±478) g vs (3498±393)g, (46.5±2.3) cm vs (49.3±1.9)cm, P<0.01]; while the Ponderal index in ease group was significantly higher than that of control group (3.13±0. 23 vs 2. 92±0. 29,P <0.01). (3) The cord blood TBA concentration respectively showed a linear relationship with the cord blood insulin concentration, the cord blood glucagon concentration and the ratio of insulin over glucagon in the case group. With the increase in cord blood TBA concentration, the cord insulin concentration and the ratio of insulin over glucagon decreased; meanwhile the cord blood glucagon concentration rose(P<0.01). The cord blood insulin concentration and the ratio of insulin over glucagon in case group were respectively positively correlated with the neonatal weight and length, and were negatively correlated with the PI (P<0.01); while the cord glucagon concentration was respectively negatively correlated with the neonatal weight and length, and positively correlated with the P1 (P < 0.01 ).Conclusions In 1CP fetus pancreas, there are hypoinsulinism, glucagon oversecretion, and decrease of the ratio of insulin over glucagon, which is closely correlated with fetal TBA concentration. The endocrine function of fetal pancreas affects the fetal growth and development.

Objective To test red cells of bone marrow and hematopoietic cells of rats with liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome in different time period;To discuss the change rules in the blood system. Methods Rat models with liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome were made by composite method of anger by restraint stress, clipping tails, over fatigue, and abnormal diet. The hemogram, red cells of bone marrow, marrow nucleated red blood cells, stem cell factor, and erythropoietin of male rats in normal group and model group were detected at 2nd, 6th and 9th weeks. Results Compared with normal group, hematokrit and metarubricyte in model group of 2 weeks was higher in the model group (P<0.05);erythropoietin in model group of 6 weeks decreased (P<0.01);red cell counts, red protein level, hemoglobin, hematokrit, and erythropoietin in model group of 9 weeks were lower (P<0.05);red cell counts, hemoglobin, hematokrit, prorubricyte, metarubricyte, and erythropoietin in model group of 6 and 9 weeks were significantly lower than those in model group of 2 weeks (P<0.05, P<0.01). The number of marrow nucleated red blood cells in model group of 2 weeks decreased (P<0.05). Stem cell factor showed no significant difference. Conclusion The rats with liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome can increase the number of red blood cells in a short time when they suffer from stress stimulation, so that they can fight the damage factors. But long-term stress stimulation will lead the rats to anemia, which may be associated with the reduction of erythropoietin.

Objective To investigate the role of Beclin 1 in the genesis and development of osteosarcoma and the effect of Beclin 1 overexpression on the growth of the in vitro osteosarcoma cell line MG63.Methods Real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of Beclin 1 in MG63 and hFOB1.19 at mRNA and protein levels ; A eukaryotic clone of plasmid pEGFP/Beclinl fusion with protein EGFP/Beclin 1 was constructed and was transfected into human osteosarcoma cell line MG63 by using lipofectamine 2000.The effect of Beclin1 overexpressions on the proliferation of MG63 cells was evaluated by MTT assay.Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytomerty(FCM).Results The mRNA and protein expression of Beclin1 in human osteosarcoma cell line MG63 was significantly lower than that in the human osteoblast cell line hFOB1.19(0.17 ±0.06 vs 0.43 ±0.11,t =29.493,P ＜0.01 ; 0.13 ±0.05 vs.0.25 ± 0.08,t =6.325,P ＜ 0.01).The transfection of pEGFP/Beclinl increased the mRNA levels of human osteosarcoma(5.34 ± 0.50) times in transfected tumor cells MG63.The rate of cell apoptosis was low in control or transfected with lipofectamine 2000 only cells at an average of(0.10 ± 0.05) ％.The apoptosis rate was significantly higher in pEGFP/Beclin1 transfected cells than control cells ((4.3 ± 0.8) ％,t =5.752,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with control cells,Bedin1 is down-regulated in the human osteosarcoma cell line MG63,which indicate the role of Beclin 1 in regulating the malignant behaviors of osteosarcoma.Beclin1 overexpressions inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in MG63 cells.

Objective To probe into the application of left atrial volume tracking technique(LAVT)on the evaluation of right atrial function in patients with pulmonary hypertension.Methods Forty-one patients with pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary hypertension group) and 37 control subjects (control group) were involved.Right atrial maximal volume (RAVmax),right atrial presystolic volume(RAVpre),right atrial minimal volume (RAVmax),systolic right atrial filling rate (dv/dtS),early diastolic right atrial emptying rate(dv/dtE) and late diastolic right atrial emptying rate(dv/dtA) was derived by LAVT.Right atrial passive emptying volume (RAVp),right atrial passive emptying fraction (RAVpEF),right atrial active emptying volume (RAVa),right atrial active emptying fraction (RAVaEF),right atrial total emptying volume (RAVt)and right atrial total emptying fraction (RAVtEF) was calculated.All the right atrial volume parameter was corrected by body surface area to obtain right atrial volume index (RAVI).Results RAVImax,RAVImin,RAVIpre,RAVIt,RAVIa,dv/dtS and dv/dtA in pulmonary hypertension group was higher than that in control group [(78.39 ± 49.35) ml/m2 vs.(24.80 ± 11.91) ml/m2,(62.59 ± 46.56) ml/m2vs.(17.46 ± 8.40)ml/m2,(70.12 ± 48.03) ml/m2 vs.(20.02 ± 9.46) ml/m2,(18.77 ± 11.47) ml/m2 vs.(9.35 ± 6.74) ml/m2,(8.53 ± 9.81) ml/m2 vs.(3.25 ± 3.00) ml/m2,(145.85 ± 80.56) ml/s vs.(86.44 ± 48.46) ml/s,(155.63 ±126.47) ml/s vs.(67.74 ± 33.27) ml/s],and RAVIp in pulmonary hypertension group was lower than that in control group [(6.09 ± 5.16) ml/m2 vs.(10.23 ± 11.12) ml/m2],and there were significant differences (P ＜0.05).But there were no significant differences in RAVItEF,RAVIpEF,RAVIaEF and dv/dtE between two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusions In patients with pulmonary hypertension,right atrial booster pump function and reservoir function increases,while right atrial conduit function decreases.LAVT has a potential ability to evaluate right atrial function.

Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is a tumor associated protein which is able to be a potent anticancer target, since it is highly expressed in a multitude of carcinomas, while it is present in a limited number of normal tissues. This review focuses on its role in tumor physiology, the most recent three dimensional structure features of this enzyme which has recently been elucidated. In addition, we present recent advances in the development of small inhibitors able to target CA IX for therapeutic applications.

Objective To investigate of the radiological manifestations in congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) of lung in adult and to improve the diagnostic accuracy of CCAM of lung in adult.Methods Five cases with pathologically proved CCAM of lung in adult were retrospectively analyzed.Chest X-ray was available in 5 cases and chest CT was performed in 2 cases.Results On plain chest radiography,thin wall air cystic lesions with air-fluid level were detected in 3 cases.Honeycomb like small cystic lesion was detected in 1 case.Multiple round cystic lesions were found in 1 case.CT scan of the chest demonstrated a round thin wall air cystic lesion in the lateral segment of right lung's middle lobe,and a thin wall air cystic lesion with the wall merged into the shadow of chest wall in the left apicoposterior segment in one case.Small cystic lesions just like honeycomb were found in bilateral basal segments of the inferior lobes,with a 0.8—1.0 cm sized round mass revealed in the right lung′s inferior lobe basal segment, and the mass was spiculated in another case.Conclusion The imaging signs of CCAM of lung in adult is cyst or cyst-solid and at the risk of developing carcinoma.