Adolescent ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ; diagnosis ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Graves Disease ; complications ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Humans

Adult ; Benzene ; poisoning ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Leukemia ; etiology ; surgery ; Male ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Sleep disorders are commonly occurred among patients with Parkinson's disease,such as difficulties in the initiation of sleep,fragmented sleep,sleep behavior disorder and excessive daytime sleepiness.The mechanism of sleep disorders associated with Parkinson's disease is not clear,which may be associated with the injury of brain stem,nuclei of median raphe,nuclei fasciculi solitarii,thalamencephalon and the changes of neurotransmitters as dopamine,hypocretin(orexin) and melatonin.This article gives an overview of the mechanism of sleep disorders associated with Parkinson's disease.

Objective To investigate the optimum ratio of medicine dosage for dexmedetomidine mixed with oxycodone used for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) after gastrointestinal surgery.Methods Eighty patients of both sexes, aged 35-64 yr, weighing 55-75 kg, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ , undergoing elective gastrointestinal surgery, were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=20 each) using a random number table: oxycodone group (group O), and different ratios of medicine dosage when dexmedetomidine was added to sufentanil groups (OD1-3 groups).At 15 min before the end of surgery, oxycodone 0.1 mg/kg was injected intravenously, and PCIA pump was connected simultaneously.In group O, the PCIA solution contained oxycodone 1.00 mg/kg in 100 ml of normal saline.In group OD1, the PCIA solution contained oxycodone 1.00 mg/kg and dexmedetomidine 2.5 μg/kg in 100 ml of normal saline.In group OD2 , the PCIA solution contained oxycodone 0.75 mg/kg and dexmedetomidine 2.5 μg/kg in 100 ml of normal saline.In group OD3, the PCIA solution contained oxycodone 0.50 mg/kg and dexmedetomidine 2.5 μg/kg in 100 ml of normal saline.The PCIA pump was set up to deliver a 0.5 ml bolus dose with a 15-min lockout interval and background infusion at 2 ml/h.Oxycodone 0.05 mg/kg was injected intravenously as a rescue analgesic, and visual analogue scale score was maintained ≤ 4.The requirement for rescue analgesics was recorded.The requirement for the rescue analgesic was recorded within 48 h after surgery.The number of successfully delivered doses, and occurrence of adverse reactions such as bradyeardia, hypotension, nausea, vomiting, over-sedation, somnolence, pruritus, and respiratory depression were recorded.Patient's satisfaction with analgesia was recorded at 72 h after surgery.Results No patients required the rescue analgesic or developed over-sedation, vomiting, respiratory depression and hypotension in the four groups.Compared with group O, the incidence of somnolence was significantly increased in group OD1, the incidence of nausea, somnolence, bradycardia and pruritus was decreased in OD2 and OD3 groups, and the degree of patient's satisfaction with analgesia was increased in OD1-3 groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group OD1, the incidence of nausea, somnolence, bradycardia and pruritus was significantly decreased in OD2 and OD3 groups, the degree of patient's satisfaction with analgesia was increased in group OD3 (P＜0.05) , and no significant was found in the degree of patient's satisfaction with analgesia in group OD2 (P＞0.05).Compared with group OD2, no significant was found in the incidence of adverse reactions (P＞0.05) , and the degree of patient's satisfaction with analgesia was significantly decreased in group OD3 (P＜0.05).The number of successfully delivered doses was significantly larger in group OD3 than in O, OD1 and OD2 groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine 2.5 μg/kg added to oxycodone 0.75 mg/kg is the optimum ratio of medicine dosage when used for PCIA after gastrointestinal surgery.

Adrenalectomy ; Adult ; Angiomyolipoma ; pathology ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; Kidney Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Ureter ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and surgical treatment of malignant intracranial teratomas.

METHODSThirty-four patients with intracranial teratoma proved by histopathology were treated by operation. The growth pattern of this tumor, assessed by its clinical manifestations and neuroimaging together with surgical treatment and results were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSOnly 6 lesions had been correctly suspected as teratoma before surgery. Total removal was achieved in 14 patients with a operative mortality of 32.4%. The survival of 23 patients with lesions showing aggressive growth was significantly different from those without (P < 0.05). Nineteen of these patients did not survive beyond the sixth month after surgery.

CONCLUSIONAccurate preoperative diagnosis is difficult in malignant intracranial teratoma, especially for patients with the tumor in the sella region. The invasive biological behavior of the tumor is proved to be the main cause of surgery being dwarfed. Protection of the hypothalamus and brainstem, relief of hydrocephalus are the crucial points in surgical treatment. Comprehensive histopathologic examination combined with serum and CSF tumor marker detection is necessary for correct diagnosis and treatment.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Brain Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Prognosis ; Teratoma ; diagnosis ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery

Prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain (PHDs) family is one of the most important regulatory factors in hypoxic stress. PHD2 plays a critical role in cells and tissues adaptation to the low oxygen environment. Its hydroxylation activity regulates the stability and transcriptional activity of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), which is the key factor in response to hypoxic stress. Subsequently, PHD2 acts as an important factor in oxygen homeostasis. Studies have shown that PHD2, through its regulation on HIF-1, plays an important role in the post-ischemic neovascularization. Furthermore, under hypoxic condition, PHD2 also regulates other pathways that positively regulate angiogenesis factors HIF-1 independently. Moreover, recently, several evidences have also shown that PHD2 also affects tumor growth and metastasis in a tumor microenvironment. Based on these facts, PHD2 have been considered as a potential therapeutic target both in treating ischemic diseases and tumors. Here, we review the molecular regulation mechanism of PHD2 and its physiological and pathological functions. We focus on the role of PHD2 in both therapeutic angiogenesis for ischemic disease and tumor angiogenesis, and the current progress in utilizing PHD2 as a therapeutic target.
Animals ; Humans ; Hydroxylation ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 ; metabolism ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Proline Dioxygenases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; physiology ; Neoplasms ; blood supply ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Vascular Diseases ; pathology ; therapy

OBJECTIVEDiscuss the surgical treatment of jugular foramen and hypoglossal canal tumor, and choice of the best surgical approach.

METHODS32 patients with jugular foramen and hypoglossal canal tumor were operated through the postauricular tran-supracondylar approach, 13 neurinoma, 7 glomus jugular tumors, 4 meningioma, 3 chordoma. 23 were total removed, with a subtotal of 9.

RESULTS21 patients were followed up, mean 2.5 years. 18 patients work normally, 7 of them were hoarseness, 2 of other 3 patients lived by themselves, 1 of existed obstruct of limbs.

CONCLUSIONSPostauricular tran-supracondylar approach exposes satisfactory for the dumbbell-shape tumors of intra-or extra cranial. It has high rate of total removal and low rate of complications. It is the best approach of treatment in jugular foramen and hypoglossal canal tumors. The outcome is good.

Adult ; Brain Neoplasms ; surgery ; Cranial Nerve Neoplasms ; surgery ; Female ; Glomus Jugulare Tumor ; surgery ; Humans ; Hypoglossal Nerve Diseases ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

The volatile components of roots and stems of Zanthoxylum nitidum were investigated by supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction (SFE-CO2) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). Thirty-one and fifty-one compounds were identified in the supercritical extracts from roots and stems of Z. nitidum, respectively, and total twenty-seven compounds were the common constituents. Among them, the major constituents in root and stem supercritical extracts were spathulenol (18.49 and 26.18%), n-hexadecanoic acid (14.24% and 12.79%), ar-tumerone (6.95% and 8.88%), oleic acid (8.39% and 5.71%) and hexanoic acid (4.39% and 7.78%). The in-vitro MTT assay showed that the volatile components of roots and stems of Z. nitidum did not exhibited any cytotoxic activity against human cancer Huh-7 and normal IEC-6 cells. These results indicated the same nature of the volatile constituents in the root and stem of Z. nitidum. This investigation may provide further evidence for expansion of medicinal parts of Z. nitidum.
Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; toxicity ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Humans ; Mice ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Zanthoxylum ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the diagnosis and microneurosurgical treatment of cavernous sinus neurinoma.

METHODSTwenty-two patients with cavernous sinus neurinoma which had been diagnosed by MRI were operated on by microsurgery. Fourteen patients received excision of tumor through frontotemporal approach with zygomatic osteotomy and, 8 patients via subtemporal and suboccipital transtentorial approaches.

RESULTSTotal resection was achieved in 21 patients (95.5%), and subtotal resection in 1. There was no operative death. The all operative samples were confirmed neurinoma pathologically. The symptoms postoperation such as headache and exophthalmos were reduced. Three months after operation, the function of the 6th nerve was improved in 12 of 19 patients with paresis of the 6th nerve. One patient with hemiplegia recovered well. The function of the 3th nerve recovered in 4 of 6 patients with recurrent paresis of the 3th nerve. Those patients with hydrocephalus were improved after operation. The patients were follow up 8 - 60 months (mean 20 months). No tumor recurrence was observed.

CONCLUSIONCavernous sinus neurinoma can be removed successfully via subtemporal and suboccipital transtentorial approaches.

Angiography, Digital Subtraction ; Cavernous Sinus ; pathology ; Cranial Nerve Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Neurilemmoma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Trigeminal Nerve