Objective: To study how to activate transforming growth factor ? 1 (TGF ? 1) by coculturing bovine cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (BCMEC) and bovine cerebral microvascular smooth muscle cells (BCMSMC) in vitro , and to observe the effect of high concentration of glucose on active TGF ? 1 (aTGF ? 1) production by the cocultured cells. Methods: BCMEC and BCMSMC were cocultured, and compared with BCMEC or BCMSMC homotypically cultured. 3H TdR assays were used to measure the bioactivity of aTGF ? 1 in the conditioned media. Dot blots assays were used to evaluate the TGF ? 1 mRNA levels of the cultured cells. Then, the cocultured cells were cultured with 5.5 (normal level), 15 and 25(high level) mmol/L glucose for 24 h. The activity of aTGF ? 1 in the media was measured by the same way. Results: aTGF ? 1 was produced in the media of cocultured cells, but not in the media of homotypically cultured cells. Activity of aTGF ? 1 in the media with high concentration of glucose was significantly higher than that in the media with normal concentration of glucose. The dot blots assays implicated that both BCMEC and BCMSMC had TGF ? 1 mRNA expression. But there was no significant change after coculturing. Conclusion: TGF ? 1 can be activated by contacted coculture of BCMEC and BCMSMC in vitro , but the coculturing does not increase the TGF ? 1 mRNA expression. Cultured with high concentration of glucose can increase the aTGF ? 1 content in the media of the cocultured cells. [

This paper summarizes the features of web sites that would be useful to infectious diseases physicians by exploring the Internet through search engine including Google,Baidu and Yahoo.Meanwhile,suggestions from professional forums,web sites and publications are also taken into consideration.Nine Comprehensive sites containing three categories and more of microbial pathogens,nine special sites for parasites,four special sites for fungi,two special sites for viruses and two special sites for bacteria are collected.Subjective navigation for each site is given.Features of these sites,including laboratory images,clinical images and number of images are also described.

Objective To evaluate the methods of measuring platelet-associated antibody PAIgG/ PAIgA/ PAIgM by flow cytometry(FCM) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and to investigate their diagnostic value for patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP).Methods With FCM and ELISA respectively, PAIg on the platelet membrane and in plasma were measured in 19 patients with ITP and 17 healthy volunteers, and were compared with each other in order to find out whether there were differences in these groups.Results FCM and ELISA measurement in patients with ITP were significantly higher than those in control group (P0.05). Compared with the results of ELISA, the positive percentage of PAIgG measured by FCM(84%) in ITP patients was slightly higher than that by ELISA(79%).Conclusion The platelet-associated antibodies of PAIgG/ PAIgA/ PAIgM, especially PAIgG,are important for diagnosing ITP. FCM, in combination with ELISA, may improve the reliability and the positive percentage of detection in ITP patients.

With the aging of population, cerebral small vessel disease has attracted more and more attention. A growing body of literature has confirmed that retinal vascular changes can be used as a potential marker for the prediction of cerebral small vessel disease. The retina is recognized as a window into cerebrovascular and systemic vascular conditions. Combining traditional fundus photograph and fundus fluorescein angiography with optical coherence tomography angiography, the retinal vascular system of patients with cerebral small vessel disease can be comprehensively analyzed. This paper summarizes and analyzes the application of retinal angiography technology in different image types of cerebral small vessel disease and makes a review, in order to provide reference for the early diagnosis and prevention of cerebral small vessel disease.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility of endoscopic sinus surgery under local anesthesia.METHODS A total of 810 patients underwent endoscopic sinus surgery from January 2000 to December 2007 with complete follow-up data were included in this study.Validity of anesthesia was evaluated using VAS(visual analogous scale).Operation time,bleeding quantity during operation,operation therapeutic efficacy,hospitalization cost and patient's evaluation to the operation were recorded.RESULTS The mean VAS score of local anesthesia was 3.18?0.46.Cases with no pain and mild pain accounted for 78.28%,with moderate pain 16.71%,and with severe pain 5.01%.The average bleeding quantity during operation,operation time,complication incidence,cure rate at 6 months after operation,hospitalization cost,patients' evaluation in local anesthesia were(43.25?27.46)ml,(41.14?9.479) min,1.78%,78%,4000～6000 yuan(RMB),9.28? 2.21 respectively.CONCLUSION For the endoscopic sinus surgery,most cases can be operated under local anesthesia if the indication were selected correctly and the sophisticated skills and advanced instrument were available.

The supercondensed DNA, a special kind of topological structure of plasmid DNA, was firstly found in E. coli SD108(topA+ gyrB225). Now, this structure is also found in E. coli DM800(topA- gyrB225). The result indicates that the formation of supercondensed DNA is related with decrease of the activity of gyrase in vivo. Topoisomerase Ⅳ was proved to relax the supercondensed DNA completely in vitro, which suggested that the supercondensed DNA and the supercoiled DNA could transform to each other in cells. The supercondensed DNA samples were analyzed by atomic force microscopy and compared to supercoiled DNA. The results showed that the length of supercondensed DNA decreased about 30% and the width and height of double-strand increased about 60%, which indicates that the structure of double-strand of supercondensed DNA is much more similar to A-DNA than B-DNA. The results also showed that chloroquine intercalation did not change the supercoiling level of supercondensed DNA, but made it knot and compact.

Objective To explore whether combined olmesartan angiotensin Ⅱ receptor type 1 blocker(ARB) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor(ACEI) temocapril have synergistic effect on reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRsp). Methods Fourty-four SHRsps and 11 Wistar-Kyoto rats(WKY) were divided randomly into 5 groups:WKY-control group, SHRsp-control group, SHRsp-olmesartan 10 mg/(kg?d)group, SHRsp-temocapril 10 mg/(kg?d)group, and SHRsp-Olmesartan 3 mg/(kg?d)+temocapril 3 mg/(kg?d) group for 6 weeks. Hearts weight were measured and histologically studied. The mRNA expression of angiotensin Ⅱ receptor type 1(AT1R) and integrin ?1 in myocardium was detected by RT-PCR. Results Olmesartan, temocapril and the their combination significantly reduced systolic blood pressure in a similar magnitude. Combination therapy was shown not greater effect in reversal of LVH than by olmesartan alone, although the effect by both of them was greater than temocapril monotherapy. The mRNA levels of AT1R and integrin ?1 in SHRsp were significantly decreased by treatment with olmesartan, temocapril, or combination therapy. Olmesartan and combination therapy result in greater decreases in expression of AT1R and integrin ?1 mRNA in myocardium than that by temocapril. Conclusion Compared with olmesartan alone, the combination of ARS and ACEI didn't show synergistic effect on reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy as were down-regulation of AT1R and suppression of integrin ?1 mRNA in myocardium.

Objective To investigate the disinfectant-resistant gene qacA in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the First Affiliated Hhospital of Chongqing Medical University. Methods A total of 126 S. aureus strains were isolated. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 4 representative monovalent and bivalent disinfectants were determined. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to analyze the prevalence of qacA gene in these strains. Disk diffusion method was used to identify methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA).Results Of the 126 S. aureus strains, 12 were positive for qacA gene. The prevalence of qacA in these strains was 9.5%. The prevalence of qacA gene in MRSA was 17.3%. Conclusions qacA gene is prevalent in the clinical isolates of S. aureus.

Objective To elucidate whether down-regulation of homo sapiens eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2 (EEF1A2) expression induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells and its possible mechanisms. Methods Two siRNAs targeting human EEF1A2 were synthesized and the siRNA/liposome complexes were transfected into the pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3. RTPCR and Western blot were used to analyze the change of EEF1A2 expression and the apoptosis rate of BxPC-3 cells was studied using Annexin-V/PI assay. To identify the mechanisms involved, the apoptosis associated proteins such as caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, PARP, cytochrome C and Bid were detected by Western blotting. Results Both EEF1A2-targeting siRNAs reduced the EEF1A2expression, and the No. 2 siRNA inhibited EEF1A2 expression to less than 25 % in mRNA and protein levels. Down-regulation of EEF1A2 expression in BxPC-3 cells enhanced cell apoptosis (15.28% ±3.65%) at a greater level than negative siRNA-expressing cells (10. 11% ± 3. 05%) or mock cells (9.41 % ±4.14 %). Furthermore, reduction of EEF1A2 activated the pro-caspase-8, pro-caspase-3,pro-caspase-9,PARP and Bid to their active forms, and increased the expression of cytochrome C.Conclusions These data suggest that EEF1A2 down-regulation could significantly induce apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3, which is likely mediated by the death receptor and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways.

Objective To discuss the surgical treatment for huge hepatoblastoma in children,and the technique of hepatectomy without blockade of the blood supply to the remained liver lobes.Methods We reviewed 12 cases of huge hepatoblastorna who had been operated from July 2001 to January 2009 in our hospital.The mean age of the children was 3.2 years(range,11 months to 12 years).The diameter of the tumor was from 10 to 23 cm.3～7 cycles of chemotherapy was routinely administrated before operation.When the tumor reduced to a certain size that radical resection could be performed safely,regular hepatectomy was conducted.Hepatoblastoma resection without blocking the blood supply to the remained liver lobes was performed in every patient.Results The operations were successfully accomplished in all the 12 children.5 cases received right trihepatectomy (segment Ⅳ,Ⅴ～Ⅷ),4 cases received right hemihepatectomy(segment Ⅴ～Ⅷ),and the other 3 cases received Ⅳ,Ⅶ,Ⅷ segmentectomy,right Ⅴ,Ⅵ segmentectomy,and left hemihepatectomy respectively.The intraoperative hemodynamic parameters were stable,and there was no perioperative mortality.Postoperative chemotherapy wag routinely administrated.The follow-up period varied from 2 to 92 months.11 children survived and were disease free,among those 6 children have survived for more than 5 years.One child had brain and lung metastasis 5 months post operation,and died 7 months post operation. Conclusion Preoperative chemotherapy administrated to children with huge hepatoblastoma can reduce the tumor size and render tumor reseetable.Hepatoblastoma resection without blocking the blood supply to the remained liver lobes is a safe and feasible surgical technique.