Objective:To investigate extraocular muscles(EOM) susceptibility to myasthenia gravis(MG).Methods:Acetylcholine receptor(AChR) ?, ?, ?, ? and ? subunits from human EOM and other different muscle groups from 8 health controls and intercostal muscles from 10 MG patients were studied by RT-PCR System. Serum AChR antibodies from 83 patients with MG were assayed by ELISA.Results:①AChR?, ?, ?, ? and ? subunit mRNA could be amplified from normal human EOM and all muscle groups studied. ②AChR? P3A+/?-actin mRNA was expressed at higher level in general MG than in health controls(P=0.028). ③Ocular and general MG patients had higher AChR antibodies against AChR from adult gastrocnemius muscle than that from fetus(P=0.001,0.016).Conclusion:Susceptibility of EOM to MG is likely associated with muscle AChR subunit mRNA expression and intrinsic susceptivity of EOM.

The effect of magnetic Fe3O4 particles on cellulase in the enzymatic hydrolysis of sunflower seed hull was studied in different adding ways and additive amount. In the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of sunflower seed hull, the variations of cellulase activity, reducing sugar concentration and cellulose conversion were evaluated. After the reaction, the analysis of pH and surface tension of hydrolysate were also used to determine the mechanisms of cellulase by the magnetic effect. The results indicated that after adding magnetic Fe3O4, the cellulase activity, reducing sugar concentration and conversion of cellulose had an increased between the 0.5 g/L and 2.0 g/L cases after 48 h. When the additive amount of magnetic Fe3O4 was 2 g/L, the cellulase activity at 60 h was improved significantly by 25.9%. It was found that the concentration of reducing sugar was increased from 6.950 mg/mL to 8.775 mg/mL with magnetic Fe3O4 1.5 g/L. Simultaneously, compared with the blank, which the conversion of cellulose was 47.932%, the maximum celluloseconversion of samples with adding magnetic Fe3O4 was 60.531%. Besides, the stability of cellulase activity adding in times was better than in one time. After the reaction, the final surface tension of hydrolysate with 1.5 g/L magnetic Fe3O4 was the lowest in comparison with the blank. However, no significant differences were observed in the final pH of the hydrolysate.

Objective:To analyze the relationship between hepatitis B virus(HBV)gene mutation at 1896 in precore region with genotype and replication of HBV and the liver function of patients.Methods:HBV precore 1896 site mutation,the genotype of HBV and serum content of HBV DNA were determined by PCR in 60 patients positive of HBV DNA.Chemiluminescence miacropaticle immunoassay(CMIA)was used for detection of serum HBeAg and HBeAb.Liver function parameters were ob- tained by routine biochemistry method.Results:The alanine aminotransferase(ALT)level in HBV with 1896 site mutation was significantly higher than that in the wildtype virus.Site mutation at 1896 had no correlation with HBeAg,HBV genotype and HBV DNA content.HBV DNA content in patient with genotype C was significantly higher than that with genotype B(P

0.05),the MTT values were(5.2?1.1)and(10.9?2.6)s, respectively(t=7.24,P

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Chinese herbs for stasis removing and collaterals dredging (CHSRCD) upon angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-angiotensin-(1-7)-Mas axis in the renal cortex of diabetic nephropathy rats.

METHODSTotally 89 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the blank control group (C group, n=22), the high-glucose high-fat control group (H group, n=10), and the streptozotocin (STZ)-injecting group (n=57). The diabetes rat model (n=50) was induced by feeding high-glucose high-fat diet in combination with intraperitoneal injection of STZ, which were further divided into the model group (M group, n=24), the irbesartan group (I group, n=13), and the CHSRCD (Z group, n=13). Rats in I and Z groups were intragastrically fed with suspension of irbesartan and CHSRCD, once daily for 16 weeks. Equal volume of drinking water was administrated to rats in the rest groups. Blood glucose and 24 h urine protein quantitation were tested at four time points. And the mRNA expression of ACE2 and Mas at various time points was detected by Real-time PCR, immunohistochemical assay, and Western blot. Quantitative analyses of ACE2 and Mas protein expression were performed at the end of week 16.

RESULTSCompared with the C group, blood glucose increased in the H and M groups (P < 0.01). It was higher in the H group (P < 0. 01). 24 h urine protein quantitation at different time points increased in the M group, and it was higher than that in the H group (P < 0.05). Compared with the M group, 24 h urine protein quantitation decreased at the end of week 8 in the I group, and at the end of week 8 and 16 in the Z group (P < 0.05). It was lower in the Z group than in the I group at the end of week 16 (P < 0.05). Compared with the C and H groups, the expression of ACE2 mRNA in the renal cortex was lower in the M group at the end of week 16 (P < 0.01). Compared with the M group, it was higher in the Z group (P < 0. 01). There was no statistical difference in the expressions of Mas mRNA at the end of week 16 between the C group and the M group (P > 0.05). It was lower in the M group than in the H group (P < 0.05). It was higher in the Z group than in the M group (P < 0.05), and higher than in the I group (P < 0.05). The expression of ACE2 and Mas protein in the M group decreased as time went by. The expression quantitation of ACE2 and Mas protein at the end of week 16 was lower in the M group than in the C group (P < 0.05). Compared with the M group, ACE2 expression of the Z group and Mas of the I and Z groups increased more significantly (P < 0. 05).

CONCLUSIONCHSRCD could play a role in renal protection for diabetic nephropathy rats by up-regulating the mRNA and protein expression of ACE2 and Mas, promoting the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis, and lowering urinary protein.

Angiotensin I ; metabolism ; Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; metabolism ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Kidney Cortex ; metabolism ; Male ; Peptide Fragments ; metabolism ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the level of occupational well-being among the community nurses and analyze factors influencing their occupational well-being,in order to improve community nurses' well-being.Methods In January 2013,a total of 156 nurses from five community health service centers in Shanghai were selected as subjects by convenience sampling,who were surveyed with general information questionnaire and occupational well-being questionnaire.Results The overall score of occupational well-being among 156 community nurses was (161.20 ± 22.22),and the scores of all dimensions were above the medium level,among which the dimension of "interpersonal relationship" reached the highest score of (4.88 ± 0.68),but "welfare treatment" score was (3.80 ± 0.82) and the lowest.The scores concerning the two dimensions of "work value" and "self-acceptance" showed statistically significant differences among nurses who had different monthly income and years of working (F =2.845,3.360,3.056,3.164,respectively; P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The occupational well-being of nursing staffs from community still should be improved,especially in the dimension of "welfare treatment".The managers should actively care about the nurses who have lower seniority and lower income,in order to increase their recognition of work value and self-acceptance.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze pathological characteristics of organs recovered during forensic autopsy submitted by legal medicine experts. METHODS: From Baoji city, 358 cases of forensic autopsy specimens from a series of routine exams were collected. And histopathological diagnoses were reviewed. RESULTS: Majority of the 358 cases were young men. The major causes of death were trauma, sudden death and poisoning. The cause of death was determined with histology in 250 cases. No typical histological changes were noted in 101 cases. The tissue autolysis and decomposition were present in 7 cases. The major pathological diagnosis was cardiovascular disease, followed by diseases in respiratory, nervous, and digestive systems. CONCLUSION Forensic autopsy with its professional characteristics, is different from regular autopsy. When diagnosing cause of death by histopathological examination, pathologists should collaborate with legal medicine experts to know the details of the cases, circumstances surrounding the death, and specific forensic pathological characteristics.
Anxiety ; Autolysis ; Autopsy ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cause of Death ; China ; Cooperative Behavior ; Death, Sudden ; Female ; Forensic Medicine ; Forensic Pathology ; Humans ; Interprofessional Relations ; Male

Objective To understand the knowledge,risk behaviors and HIV prevalence in men who have sex with men (MSM) in thirteen cities.Methods Target samples were chosen using the snowball-rolling method,with transverse KABP and HIV-antibody testing developed for those MSM in thirteen cities of Yunnan.Results A total of 1237 valid questionnaires and 1129 blood samples were collected.Basic knowledge on HIV and the rate of the response was 93.2％.81.1％ of the respondents had anal sex with male parmers in the last six months,of them 49.7％ could persistently using condoms in each anal sex episode.29.0％ of the respondents had sex with female partners in the last six months.The HIV prevalence among the studied MSM was 8.2％ and the prevalence of syphilis among them was 3.9％.Most risky factors of those MSM infected by HIV would include:not persistently use condom when having sex and co-infection of syphilis.Conclusion Both rates of HIV infection associated risk behaviors and HIV prevalence were high in MSM under study that called for more work on HIV prevention and control MSM in Yunnan.

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between drinking environment, attitudes and situation and alcohol-related health problems.

METHODSA sample of 2327 respondents was randomly collected from Wuhan, Hubei Province in China by a face-to-face interview. The structural equation modeling analysis was performed for the data collected.

RESULTSBoth parents' drinking behaviors and respondents' drinking situation strongly impacted the alcohol-related problems and diseases. Friends' or peers' drinking behaviors influenced the respondents' drinking attitudes and behaviors. Males experienced more alcohol-related problems and diseases than females.

CONCLUSIONSComparatively, parents' drinking behaviors exert the most significant influence on drinkers. Therefore, it is beneficial to restrict parents' drinking behaviors for the offsprings and the whole society, and an intensive professional education in early motherhood is also necessary for Chinese women.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; epidemiology ; trends ; Alcohol-Related Disorders ; epidemiology ; Attitude ; Behavior ; China ; epidemiology ; Cities ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Family Health ; Female ; Friends ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Statistical ; Sex Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires

A simple, reliable and sensitive liquid chromatography-isotope dilution mass spectrometry (LC-ID/MS) was developed and validated for quantification of olanzapine in human plasma. Plasma samples (50 microL) were extracted with tert-butyl methyl ether and isotope-labeled internal standard (olanzapine-D3) was used. The chromatographic separation was performed on XBridge Shield RP 18 (100 mm x 2.1 mm, 3.5 microm, Waters). An isocratic program was used at a flow rate of 0.4 m x min(-1) with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and ammonium buffer (pH 8). The protonated ions of analytes were detected in positive ionization by multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode. The plasma method, with a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 0.1 ng x mL(-1), demonstrated good linearity over a range of 0.1 - 30 ng x mL(-1) of olanzapine. Specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect and stability were evaluated during method validation. The validated method was successfully applied to analyzing human plasma samples in bioavailability study.