China ; Humans ; Immunization Programs ; Poliomyelitis ; prevention & control ; Poliovirus Vaccines ; administration & dosage

A marine bacterium MWYL1,originally isolated from the roots of Spartina anglica growing in a salt marsh near seaside,was identified as a member of the genus of Marinomonas via morphology characterization、physiological test and 16S rDNA sequencing and Blast analysis.The strain was short,rod,gram-negative,grew aerobically and optimally at 28℃.The analysis of 16S rDNA sequence suggests that the sequence similarity values are 97% and 95% with Marinomonas pontica and Marinomonas dokdonensis,respectively.One fosmid clone producing melanin was directly isolated by plating from the genomic library of Marinomonas MWYL1.The novel functional gene cluster involved in melanin biosynthesis was screened after subcloning and sequencing of the 14kb insert in pUC18,further more,the putative functional genes was preminary analyzed using bioinformatics.

Short tandem repeats (STRs) are short tandemly repeated DNA sequences that involve a repetitive unit of 1-6 bp. Because of their polymorphisms and high mutation rates, STRs are widely used in biological research. Strand-slippage replication is the predominant mutation mechanism of STRs, and the stepwise mutation model is regarded as the main mutation model. STR mutation rates can be influenced by many factors. Moreover, some trinucleotide repeats are associated with human neurodegenerative diseases. In order to deepen our knowledge of these diseases and broaden STR application, it is essential to understand the STR mutation process in detail. In this review, we focus on the current known information about STR mutation.

Human genome has structures of haplotype and haplotype block which provide valuable information on human evolutionary history and may lead to the development of more efficient strategies to identify genetic variants that increase susceptibility to complex diseases. Haplotype block can be divided into discrete blocks of limited haplotype diversity. In each block, a small fraction of ptag SNPsq can be used to distinguish a large fraction of the haplotypes. These tag SNPs can be potentially useful for construction of haplotype and haplotype block, and association studies in complex diseases. There are two general classes of methods to construct haplotype and haplotype blocks based on genotypes on large pedigrees and statistical algorithms respectively. The author evaluate several construction methods to assess the power of different association tests with a variety of disease models and block-partitioning criteria. The advantages, limitations and applications of each method and the application in the association studies are discussed equitably. With the completion of the HapMap and development of statistical algorithms for addressing haplotype reconstruction, ideas of construction of haplotype based on combination of mathematics, physics, and computer science etc will have profound impacts on population genetics, location and cloning for susceptible genes in complex diseases, and related domain with life science etc.
Algorithms ; Computational Biology ; Computer Simulation ; Haplotypes ; genetics ; Humans ; Mathematics ; Methods ; Models, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; genetics

BACKGROUNDThe In1.1C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) allele results in reduced RANTES transcription, which is associated with increased frequency of HIV-1 infection, and rapid progression to AIDS among HIV-1-infected individuals. This study aimed to study the mutant frequency and polymorphism of RANTES in Chinese populations.

METHODSThe genotypes of RANTES In1.1C were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) with the digestion of restriction endonuclease Mbo II.

RESULTSOf the 617 individuals, 290 (47%) were carriers of the RANTES In1.1C allele, 52 of whom were homozygotes, whereas 238 were heterozygotes. The frequency of the RANTES In1.1C allele in those tested individuals was 0.2840. The frequencies of In1.1C allele varied from 0.07 - 0.27 in most of the populations in South-west China except for the two Lisu populations, while the frequencies of In1.1C spans from 0.35 to 0.45 in North-west China. The prevalence of the allele varied substantially between the South-west groups and North-west groups (chi(2) = 7.838, P = 0.006).

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of the RANTES In1.1C allele varies substantially between the South-west groups and North-west groups. There is no significant difference between the groups with different languages, which suggests that language relationship is not consistent with the genetic relationship. These results have important implications for the design, assessment, and implementation of HIV-1 vaccines.

Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Chemokine CCL5 ; genetics ; Ethnic Groups ; genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; genetics ; Prevalence

Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Sleep Apnea, Central ; diagnosis ; therapy

Objective To understand the dietary nutrients among rural stranded children.Methods 2551 children aged 2 to 7, including 1278 stranded children in the rural areas and another 1273 children served as controls were selected, using multistage stratified cluster random sampling. Dietary survey was performed with three-day weighing dietary method and questionnaire on food intake. Data on diet were analyzed and evaluated by the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) recommend by Chinese Nutrition Society, to evaluate the levels on energy and nutrient intake among stranded children in the rural areas. Results The dietary pattern among rural stranded children mainly consisted of grains and vegetables, but the intakes of animal products, fruits, and snacks were significantly less than in the control group. The intakes of three major energy-producing nutrients were below the recommend nutrient intake. Minerals as calcium, zinc, selenium, kalium and vitamins as vitamin A, B1, B2were insufficient.Most of the rural stranded children took nutrients insufficiently, with 50% lack of adequate energy and 80% of protein, 90% of minerals (calcium, zinc etc.) and vitamins (vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 etc.).Sources from high quality protein was insufficient, only consisting 35% of the total protein, but overabundant (over 64 % ) from the plants. The intake of plant-sourced iron was overabundant, accounted for 87%. Conclusion The dietary pattern was unsatisfactory with insufficient intake of energy-sourced proteins and some nutrients. The sources of energy, protein, and iron were mostly obtained from underbalaneed foods. It is necessary to improve the dietary nutrients status among rural stranded children aged 2-7 years.

Objective To explore knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP) and related determinants on nutrition among caregivers of those rural stranded children under 7 years of age in China and to provide evidence for setting up relevant health education program. Methods 1691 caregivers of the stranded children randomly selected were surveyed by a standard questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to screen the determinants on KAP regarding nutrition. Results Rates on awareness, positive attitude and approprite behavior were lower in caregivers of children whose parents both left (47.8%, 55.4%, 41.8%, respectively) the countryside, when compared with those only one parent was away from home (59.9%, 59.5%, 38.0%, respectively). Data from multivariable logistic regression models showed that caregivers' KAP on nutrition was related to age, educational background, average family income, and willingness on the job as well as the age of the child. Conclusion Improving caregivers' KAP on nutrition and setting up appropriate health education program were in urgent need.

king condition before pregnancy were associated with the development of polydactyly and syndactyly.

OBJECTIVETo observe the immunogenicity of combined hepatitis A and B vaccine (HAB).

METHODSThe combined HAB vaccine was prepared and different concentrations of HAB were administered on mice in week 0, 4 and 24, and then we tested the antibodies to both hepatitis A virus and B virus. After the first injection, we tested the hepatitis A antigen-induced and hepatitis B surface antigen-induced stimulation indices in spleen monocyte as well as changes of CD4+ and CD8+ cell numbers.

RESULTSThe serum antibody positive rates were 100% in all three groups, and the antibody induced by HAB vaccine were earlier than by monovalent vaccine. The hepatitis A antibody and hepatitis B surface antibody titers after the combined vaccine inoculation were not significantly higher than those after the monovalent vaccine inoculation. On the other hand, after the first injection of the combined vaccine, the hepatitis A antigen-induced and hepatitis B surface antigen-induced stimulation indices in spleen monocyte were detected. The numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ cells increased.

CONCLUSIONSHAB vaccine has reliable immunogenicity.

Animals ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Hepatitis A ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis A Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis A Vaccines ; immunology ; Hepatitis B ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; immunology ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Random Allocation ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, Combined ; immunology