The total volatile components were extracted from safflower by ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction (USE) and their chemical constituents were analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) to provide scientific basis for the quality control of safflower.Five different solvents (diethyl ether,ethanol,ethyl acetate,dichloromethane and acetone) were used and compared in terms of number of volatile components extracted and the peak areas of these components in TIC.The results showed that USE could be used as an efficient and rapid method for extracting the volatile components from safflower.It also could be found that the number of components in the TIC of ethyl acetate extract was more than that in the TIC of other solvent ones.Meanwhile,the volatile components of safflower from Xinjiang Autonomous Region and Henan Province of China were different in chemical components and relative contents.It could be concluded that both the extraction solvents and geographical origin of safflower are responsible for these differences.The experimental results also indicated that USE/GC-MS is a simple,rapid and effective method to analyze the volatile oil components of safflower.

An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) or inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) was developed to determine 19 elements in safflower,a traditional Chinese medicinal herb from Xinjiang Autonomous Region and Henan Province of China.Totally 19 elements in safflower included heavy metals,i.e.As,Cd,Cu,Hg and Pb,and wholesome elements,i.e.AI,Ca,Co,Cr,Fe,Mg,Mn,Mo,Ni,P,Se,Sr,V and Zn.The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals in safflower samples were both low,all of which met the national hygiene standards except for Pb in Xinjiang sample.Meanwhile,the distribution tendency of elements in the two samples was similar,which indicated that the plant might absorb given elements in a proportional way.The method can be used for the quality control of elements in safflower,and it provides a way for the determination of the contents of safflower from Xinjiang and Henan.

Objective: To study the effect of early intervention on psychosocial development of children in single child family. Method:30 babies were enrolled as intervention group from they were fetus. Another 37 were enrolled as control group. The former received intervention under the Guide of Different Stages from 0 to 6 years old. Achenbach Children Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Binet Intelligent Test were used to assess the results.Results:The rate of behavior group was 6.7%, significantly lower than that of the control group (13.5%) and Chinese norm (14.2%). The average IQ of the intervention group was significantly higher than control. But there was no significant difference in Social Adaptability between the two groups. Conclusion:Early education and intervention can improve psychosocial development children in single child family.

The total volatile components were extracted from safflower by ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction （USE） and their chemical constituents were analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometry （GC-MS） to provide scientific basis for the quality control of safflower. Five different solvents （diethyl ether, ethanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and acetone） were used and compared in terms of number of volatile components extracted and the peak areas of these components in TIC. The results showed that USE could be used as an efficient and rapid method for extracting the volatile components from safflower. It also could be found that the number of components in the TIC of ethyl acetate extract was more than that in the TIC of other solvent ones. Meanwhile, the volatile components of safflower from Xinjiang Autonomous Region and Henan Province of China were different in chemical components and relative contents. It could be concluded that both the extraction solvents and geographical origin of safflower are responsible for these differences. The experimental results also indicated that USE/GC-MS is a simple, rapid and effective method to analyze the volatile oil components of safflower.

An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS） or inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry （ICP-AES） was developed to determine 19 elements in safflower, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb from Xinjiang Autonomous Region and Henan Province of China. Totally 19 elements in safflower included heavy metals, i.e. As, Cd, Cu, Hg and Pb, and wholesome elements, i.e. Al, Ca, Co, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Se, Sr, V and Zn. The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals in safflower samples were both low, all of which met the national hygiene standards except for Pb in Xinjiang sample. Meanwhile, the distribution tendency of elements in the two samples was similar, which indicated that the plant might absorb given elements in a proportional way. The method can be used for the quality control of elements in safflower, and it provides a way for the determination of the contents of safflower from Xinjiang and Henan.

As our country lack professionals of public health,higher demand to the preventive medicine is further made with the transformation of medical model and the construction of the public health system,and the reformation in preventive medicine education of higher learning is explored to cultivate the practical professionals of public health by modulating education program and courses,modifying the cultivating plan,emphasizing the knowledge of liberal arts and management,strengthening the cultivation of ability and combining theory with practice.

Objective Herpes simplex virus is the pathogenic agent of human herpes simplex. There are two genotypes of herpes simplex virus, HSV-1 and HSV-2. The clinical manifestations of HSV-1 and HSV-2 overlap each other and it is difficult to differentiate them clinically. Methods developed based on genome differences are efficient ones to differentiate the two genotypes of HSV. In this study, we attempted to develop a new method to detection and genotyping human HSV in clinical samples. Methods Swab samples were collected from genital lesions of patients and placed in transport media. Samples were used to inoculate Vero cells. After appearance of the cytotoxicity, the infection mixtures were collected, and subjected to genomic DNA extraction. Based on the conservation and variation of gD of HSV-1 and HSV-2, a pair of primers amplifying both of them were designed and synthesized. Sequence of the virus were amplified and cloned into pMD-18T, and then the sequence was determined by DNA sequencing. The sequence was compared to all the known sequences in Genebank by using BLAST. According to the BLAST results, the genus and genotype of the virus was determined. Results A DNA fragment of about 200 bp was successfully amplified. This DNA fragment was cloned and sequenced. The sequence was compared with other known sequences. the results showed that this sequence had the highest homology to gD of HSV, indicating that the virus in the sample was HSV-2. The BLAST results also showed that there were some differences in the sequence of gD to those previously isolated. Conclusion DNA sequencing of PCR amplification products is an efficient and definite method to detect and genotype HSV-1 and HSV-2 which otherwise are difficult to differentiate clinically.

Objective To identify the crucial gene implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis by comparing microarray-based gene expression profiles of synovial fibroblast in arthritis patients and that in control.Methods The public datasets were obtained from NCBI GEO and EBI ArrayExpress.The qualified microarray-based gene expression profiles were integrated and normalized using the method implemented in GeneSpring software.Furthermore,the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) method.The online tool DAVID and STRING were applied to conduct the enrichment analysis and gene product interaction analysis respectively.Results There were two datasets that were qualified and analyzed in the present study.A total of 336 significant DEGs were identified by comparing the whole-genome gene expression profiles from synovial fibroblast of RA patients and control group.Among these DEGs,261 were significantly downregulated and 75 upregulated.About 13.6％ of the downregulated genes were associated with extracellular matrix degradation.The COL9A3 and COL4A5,indispensable component of hyaline cartilage and basement membrane respectively,were significantly downregulated,as well as genes in WNT family,including WNT2,WNT11,and WNT16.In contrast,matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) was found to be significantly upregulated in RA patients.MMP13 is a matrix metallopeptidase that degrade extracellular matrix and hyaline cartilage,and it could possibly interact with other proteins to regulate morphogenesis.Conclusion Molecular mechanisms underlying RA pathogenesis were investigated by analyzing the public datasets.A few genes that associated with extracellular matrix degradation,construction and regulation,including MMP13,WNT2,WNT11,WNT16,COL9A3 and COL4A5,could be regarded as therapeutic targets in RA treatment.

Myopia is the most important cause of visual impairment in adolescents. However, its etiology is complex. In recent years, a large number of epidemiological studies have been done on risk factors of myopia. Most of these studies is cross- sectional study, not longitudinal cohort study. Overall, the incidence of myopia is the result of the interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental exposure. This review is about the risk factors for myopia.

Objective To design and manufacture a hypobaric cabin simulator for experimental animals.Methods The simulator was composed of a fully transparent working chamber,an electrical chamber,a pressure control component and a program control component,which had its body made of polymethyl methacrylate plastics,the hatch made of metal plate and support by reinforced metal bar.The air inside chamber was exhausted by the diaphragm vacuum pump,the air inflow was controlled by proportional valve,and the inner pressure and the speed of rise and decline were exactly controlled by the balance of inflow and exhaust.Results The new type of hypobaric cabin simulator had the characteristics of accurate pressure control,low fluctuation range and controllable up and down time,low noise as well as adaptable air exchange rate.Conclusion The new type of hypobaric cabin simulator matches the national standard for experimental animals,and can be used in making the animal model of high altitude diseases.