Aim To establish a mouse model of AIDS and observe the effects of Combivir,an anti-AIDS drug.Methods The model was set up by infecting infant mice with L6565 murine leukemia virus.Quantitative RT-PCR method was used to measure viral load in plasma.The percentage of CD4~+ and CD8~+ lymphacytes was estimated by flowcytometric method.The number of WBC,RBC and marrow karyote was counted.indexes of immune organs were weighed and calculated.Results Compared with control,the viral load in plasma in the model was at high level.The percentage of CD4~+ lymphocyte,the ratio of CD4~+/CD8~+,the number of RBC and marrow karyote,and thymus index were significantly decreased in the model,while the number of WBC and spleen index was remarkably increased.Conclusion AIDS patient symptom is shown in mouse infected with L6565 murine leukemia virus.This suggests that this model is likely to be used as a mice model to evaluate the effect of anti-AIDS drugs.

Objective To study the relationship between urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER)and cardiac structure and function in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods Five hundred and twenty patients with T2DM were divided into three groups by 8 h UAER:normoalbuminuria group(424 cases),microalbuminuria group(75 cases)and macroalbuminuria group(21 cases).At the same time,50 healthy people were selected as control group.The cardiac structure and function in four groups were evaluated by echocardiographic measurements.Results Left atrial dimensio[(34.39±3.46)mm],left ventricular posterior wall thickness[(10.34±1.05)mm],relative wall thickness(0.46±0.05),interventricular septal thickness[(10.49±1.07)mm],left ventricular mass[(167.37±32.12)g],left ventricular mass index[(87.62±12.16)g/m2]in macroalbuminuria group were significantly higher than those in control group[(32.59±2.71)mm,(9.30±0.77)mm,0.42±0.04,(9.75±0.81)mm,(147.33±27.23)g,(80.14±13.81)g/m2](P＜0.05),mean while the ratio of E/A(0.82±0.19)in macroalbuminuria group was significantly lower than that in control group(1.21±0.16)(P＜0.05).Conclusions In T2DM patients with albuminuria,the cardiac structure and function have changed.With the increase of UAER,the impairments are more prominent.And it may predict diabetes cardiomyopathy.

The diabetes is mainly treated by the oral administration of western medicines at present. Despite their rapid curative effect, there have been still many reports for the western medicines about their clinical adverse reactions, failure of effective prevention and treatment of complications and drug resistance. Hence, they are not suitable for long-term administration. Traditional Chinese medicines have a long history in treating diabetes mellitus (DM) , which is commonly known as Xiaokezheng in the theory of traditional Chinese medicines. In recent years, many scholars have taken extracts from traditional Chinese medicines or separated active constituents as the study objects in the expectation of developing new-type drugs for treating and preventing diabetes. Therefore, a large number of study reports have been emerged in this field. Due to their significant glucose-reducing effect and specific effect in treating complications of diabetes, traditional Chinese medicine Gardeniae Fructus and its iridoid component geniposide shall be given full attention. This paper summarized the advance in studies on the curative effect and action mechanism of Gardeniae Fructus and geniposide in preventing and treating diabetes.
Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; administration & dosage ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the relationship of vitamin D with the intestinal development and study the expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the duodenum of C57BL/6 mice at different developmental stages.Methods Quantitative PCR (qPCR),histology using H&E staining and immunofluorescence staining,and Western blotting (WB) were performed to elucidate the expression of VDR in mice intestine at different growth and developmental stages.Results The peak of VDR mRNA expression reached on 21 d.The pathological result showed that VDR mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells in the mouse duodenum.WB result indicated that there was no nuclear translocation of VDR protein in the mouse duodenum.Conclusions This study demonstrates the regularity of expression of VDR in the mouse duodenum during its development,and contributes to understanding the function of VDR in the intestines.

Continuous exposure to conventional glucose-containing lactate-buffered solutions will ultimately lead to irreversible changes of the structure and function of peritoneum.Therefore,the development of novel peritoneal dialysis(PD) solutions has become the focus in the PD fields in recent years.Icodextrin,which has more adventages than conventional PD solutions,is one of the most important advancements in the past decade.Icodextrin has better biocompatibility,and can reduce the absorption of carbohydrates to decrease the metabolic complications in PD patients.Apart from increasing ultrafiltration,icodextrin can also improve the fluid status and protect the residual renal function of PD patients.However,adverse consequences may result from the pseudo-hyperglycaemia caused by limited measurement of serum glucose.This article reviews the features and applications of the new PD solutions—icodextrin solutions.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum homocysteine (HCY)levels and oxidative stress in pa-tients with coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods According to the diagnostic criteria of CHD in 2010 (WS 319-2010)is-sued by the Ministry of Health,79 patients with CHD in Xi’an Central Hospital from June 2014 to December 2014 were se-lected as the experimental group,and 5 5 cases of healthy physical examination for the same period were selected as the nor-mal control group.The levels of oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA)and the activity of antioxidant enzyme su-peroxide dismutase (SOD)in serum were detected to analyze the state of oxidative stress.The levels of serum HCY were de-tected,and the correlation between HCY levels and MDA levels and SOD activity was analyzed.Results The levels of MDA in the CHD group were significantly higher than that in the control group,while SOD activity was significantly lower than that in the control group,the differences were statistically significant (t=3.112,2.684,all P<0.05).The levels of HCY in the CHD group were significantly higher than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (t=3.268,P<0.05).In the CHD group,the levels of HCY were positively correlated with the levels of MDA (r=0.236,P<0.05),and negatively correlated with SOD activity (r=-0.221,P<0.05).Conclusion Serum HCY levels were increased and oxidative stress reaction was enhanced in patients with CHD.Oxidative stress was associated with elevated serum HCY levels.Serum HCY levels and oxidative stress played an important role in the occurrence and development of CHD.

Objective To investigate the feasibility,safety and clinical efficacy of acute iutestinal obstruction by laparoscopic surgery.Methods We selected 47 patients with acute intestinal obstruction implementation from August 2012 to August 2014,and used laparoscopic surgery on these cases.Results Forty-one cases of laparoscopic surgery were successfully completed,the successful implementation of the enterolysis;due to severe adhesions,laparotomy cannot be separated in three cases;two cases due to intraoperative exploration found in the tumor;one case due to surgery bleeding and laparotomy cannot be completed;no cases with serious complications and no deaths.Conclusion Laparoscopic surgery for acute intestinal obstruction is feasible and safe,with less trauma,quicker recovery,especial ly in the abdominal exploration in significant advantage,it is worthy of further promotion in clinic.

Ebola hemorrhagic fever is an acute infectious disease caused by Ebola virus,the mor-tality rate of which is up to 90% . Due to its high infection rate,high mortality rate as well as being a serious threat to public health and safety,Ebola virus is listed as a World Health Organization Risk Group 4 Patho-gen(requiring Biosafety Level 4-equivalent containment). However,there is no effective control method and treatment for Ebola virus infection. Different approaches have been used to develop vaccines and therapeutic drugs against Ebola virus infection and clinical trials of some products have been initiated,such as ZMapp, BCX-4430,GS-5734,DNA vaccines,and adenovirus vector vaccines. National Institutes of Health(NIH) announced a successful development of vaccine for Ebola virus which had passed the clinical trial by the end of 2014. At the meantime,the first anti-Ebola virus medicine had also been approved in China for emergency use only. Recent advances in the research and development of therapeutic drugs and vaccines against Ebola virus will be described in this review.

Objective To evaluate the effects of lentivirus-delivered short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) E7 gene on the expression of 4 kinds of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs),including DNMT1,DNMT3A,DNMT3B and DNMT3L,in HPV16-positive cervical cancer cell line SiHa.Methods The recombinant plasmid containing HPV16 E7 gene-targeting shRNA was constructed firstly.Then,the BLOCK-iTTM lentiviral RNAi expression system kit was used to package the lentiviral vector,which was transfected into 293T cells.The lentivirus-containing supernatants were collected at 48 and 72 hours after transfection.The SiHa cells were divided into 3 groups to be cultured with lentiviral supernatant containing HPV16 E7 gene-targeting shRNA recombinant plasmids mixed with complete medium at a ratio of 1:1 (shRNA group),lentiviral supernatant containing empty plasmids mixed with complete medium at a ratio of 1:1 (negative control group),and complete medium alone (blank control group),respectively.Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to measure mRNA expression of HPV16 E7 and 4 kinds of DNMTs in the above 3 groups at 0,48,96 hours after infection,and Western blot analysis to determine protein expression of the 4 DNMTs at 48,96 hours after infection.Results There were no significant differences in the mRNA expression of HPV16 E7 and the 4 DNMTs among the shRNA group,negative control group and blank control group at 0 hour after infection (all P ＞ 0.05).At 48,96 hours after infection,the mRNA expression of HPV16 E7 and the 4 DNMTs decreased significantly in the shRNA group compared with the negative control group and blank control group (all P ＜ 0.05),but did not differ between the negative control group and blank control group (all P ＞ 0.05).Additionally,E7,DNMT1,DNMT3A,DNMT3B and DNMT3L gene-silencing efficiencies in the shRNA group were 71.13％,50.53％,13.72％,46.27％ and 17.92％ at 48 hours,and 83.50％,74.2％,47.8％,64.7％ and 48.9％ at 96 hours after infection,respectively.Western blot analysis showed that the protein expression of the 4 DNMTs significantly decreased in the shRNA group compared with the negative control group and blank control group at 48,96 hours after infection (all P ＜ 0.01).Moreover,the protein expression of DNMT1,DNMT3A,DNMT3B and DNMT3L in the shRNA group gradually decreased over time,and was inhibited by 84％,37.2％,59.8％ and 49.3％ at 48 hours respectively,and by 73.1％,68.7％,55.5％ and 65.5％ at 96 hours after infection respectively.Conclusion Targeted silencing of E7 gene in HPV16-positive SiHa cells can interfere with the mRNA and protein expression of DNMT1,DNMT3A,DNMT3B and DNMT3L.

Objective To study PTEN protein expression and clinical significance in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Methods Immunohistochemical staining was used to determine the PTEN protein expression in 40 cases of primary diffuse large B lymphoma tissuse. The results were analyzed by Kaplan-Merie survival analysis, Log-Rank test and Logistic regression analysis. Results PTEN protein was positive in 16 cases and negative in 24 cases. There was no significant difference between two groups in twoyear overall survival rate(62.5 % vs 66.7 %, P >0.05). Survival analysis showed that patient' s survival time gradually were reduced with extended time between PTEN protein-positive group and negative group, lower in PTEN-positive group than the negative group, but there was no significant difference in survival curve (P >0.05) in the two groups. We compared characteristics of patients between PTEN protein positive and negative groups,including molecular type, patient' s age, stage, LDH, physical score and extranodular invasion, there was no significant difference among them. PTEN protein was not correlated with prognosis, while International Prognosis Index(IPI) was still a risk factor (OR >1). Conclusion PTEN protein expression may not predict the outcome in diffuse large B cell lymphoma, but IPI still is a predictor.