Objective To document the HEV seroprevalence in this region,we tested HEVIgG for part of outpatients ' serosample.Methods We collected 415 serosample in outpatients of the hospital and tested HEV IgG anti-body with a commercial detection kit produced by Wantaicompany.The results were examined some different group by using chi-square testing.Results The HEV positive rate of 415 serosamples was 21.93％.It was significant difference between genders and two age groups.And it was not significant difference in urban-rural.Conclusion The HEV positive rate of our city was the average of overall HEV seroprevalence in China.In adults,HEV positive rate was significant higher to children.The effective vaccination in children could controlled the HEV prevalence.

Objective Combination immunotherapy strategies targeting OX40,a co-stimulatory molecule that can enhance antitumor immunity by modulating the proliferation,differentiation,and effector function of tumor-infiltrating T cells,have attracted much attention for their excellent therapeutic effects.In this study,we aimed to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of combined anti-OX40 and hepatitis B core virus-like particles(HBc VLPs)therapy using a mouse colon cancer model. Methods Humanized B-hOX40 mice were injected subcutaneously with MC38 colon tumor cells and treated with HBc VLPs+anti-hOX40 antibody.Tumor growth was monitored.Flow cytometric analysis was performed to evaluate the populations of T cell subsets in the tumors. Results The combination of anti-OX40 with HBc VLPs resulted in a significant delay in tumor growth,suggesting that a potent antitumor immunity was induced by the combination therapy.Further studies revealed that HBc VLPs+anti-OX40 treatment induced a significant increase in effector T cells(Teffs)and a significant decrease in regulatory T cells(Tregs)in the tumor microenvironment(TME),which accounted for the synergistic antitumor effect of anti-OX40 in combination with HBc VLPs. Conclusion Combination therapy of anti-hOX40 and HBc VLPs provides synergistic antitumor activity in colon cancer-bearing mice,which may represent a potential design strategy for cancer immunotherapy.

OBJECTIVETo study the antigenic properties of mutant hepatitis B virus surface antigen, to understand the sensitivity of the commercially available HBsAg assays to the variants and to reduce the undetectability of the variants.

METHODSRecombinant eukaryotic expression plasmids for HBsAg. The recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmids pSS1adr, pSS1adw2, pSS1adw2- 145Arg, pSS1adr-126 Asn and pSS1adr-126Ser were transfected into COS-7 cells. HBsAg in the supernatants of transfected cells was detected by using different commercial ELISA kits.

RESULTSThe absorbance value of pSS1adr-126 Asn and pSS1adr-126Ser plasmids were similar to that of the wild type HBsAg, the absorbance value of pSS1adw2-145Arg plasmids was lower than that of the wild type HBsAg.

CONCLUSIONIt is estimated that the antigenicity of HBsAg mainly depended on the amino acid sequence of "a" antigen determinant and its conformation, so 145 amino acid substitutions led to the change of conformation and the antigenicity of variant HBsAg was lower than that of the wild type.

Animals ; COS Cells ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; metabolism ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; analysis ; genetics ; immunology ; Mutation ; Transfection ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; genetics

Objective:To discuss the topical action characteristics of the biological transmission of moxibustion heat via temperature collection and numerical modeling.Methods:Temperature of moxibustion was measured at multiple points at a distance of 3 cm to obtain the moxibustion temperature field nephograms by the high-accuracy temperature measure array.Finite element analysis was used to imitate the three-dimensional dynamic distribution of temperature in acupoint tissues.Results:Through numerical analysis,the one-dimensional,two-dimensional and three-dimensional distributions of temperature in human acupoint tissues at 5 min of moxibustion were established.The result showed that moxibustion heat mainly transmitted from the surface of the tissue to the internal,and the influence of moxibustion heat decreased with the depth of the tissue.The analysis of the nephograms of acupoint tissue temperature at 5,10,15 and 20 min of moxibustion showed that with the increase of the moxibustion time,the temperature in acupoint tissues constantly rose,and the transmission depth of moxibustion heat also further expanded inside acupoint.Conclusion:By establishing the three-dimensional dynamic model of heat transmission inside acupoint tissues with the biological parameters of human tissues and the temperature values obtained,this study used finite element analysis software ANSYS 14.0 and discovered the rules in the transmission of heat in body tissues during moxibustion,and the features in moxibustion heat transmission (from the proximal to the distant) and heat penetration (from the surface to the internal).This study provides theoretical and experimental support for the application of moxibustion in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVETo establish a rat model of scalding with controllable depth and area by high pressure steam.

METHODSHigh pressure steam apparatus consisting of an autoclave and a self-made scalding frame was employed in the study. The rats were inflicted with scalding with 0.12 Mpa (1 Mpa = 7500 mmHg) high pressure steam on the back through a hole of 2.6 cm in diameter for 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 seconds, with five wounds at each time point. The tissue samples were harvested at 24 post injury hour (PIH) for pathomorphological examination. The depth of scald was measured, and injury to the sweat gland and hair follicles injury, the hair growth in scalded area, and the wound healing condition were observed with Photoshop software.

RESULTSThere was positive correlation between the scalding depth and scalding time. The injury time for superficial and deep partial thickness burn and full thickness burn were 3, 5 and 7 seconds respectively. The wound healing time was similar even the scalding became more and more serious when injury time increased from 7 to 10 seconds.

CONCLUSIONThe scalding depth and area in this model could be controlled, and the degree of scald injury could be graded accurately with easy manipulation. The result showed that it was an ideal model of skin burn wound.

Animals ; Burns ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Pressure ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Steam

OBJECTIVETo explore new methods to repair postburn contracture deformities in patients with extremely limited donor skin.

METHODSFive severely burned patients with extremely limited donor skin but severe deformities were enrolled in the study. The mature and the pliable scarred skin was utilized as the donor site for reconstruction of the postburn deformities. Split-thickness scarred skin was harvested for repair of postburn deformities after the scarred skin was expanded by expander, while thin razor-thin scarred skin with allo-acellular dermal matrix (ADM) was employed for the repair of postburn deformities when skin expansion was not feasible.

RESULTSAll the expanded scarred skin and composite skin grafts survived completely with good function and configuration. The long-term follow-up result was satisfactory, and the grafted skin was similar to that with split-thickness skin grafting.

CONCLUSIONIt is feasible to employ various split-thickness scarred skin for the reconstruction of postburn deformities. This technique is a new effective procedure for the reconstruction of postburn deformities, especially for those with extreme scarcity of donor site.

Adult ; Burns ; pathology ; surgery ; Cicatrix ; pathology ; Contracture ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skin Transplantation ; methods

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the virological, serological and biochemical outcomes of 3 years of entecavir (ETV) treatment in nucleoside-naive chronic hepatitis B patients.

METHODSThis study was divided into two stages: Patients receiving either ETV 0.5 mg/d (n = 258) or lamivudine (LAM) 100 mg/d (n = 261) entered the initial 96-week randomized, double blind, controlled efficacy study. Patients not achieving a consolidated response (HBV DNA less than 0.7 MEq/ml, ALT less than 1.25 times*ULN, and if HBeAg-positive at baseline, loss of HBeAg for >or= 24 weeks), or those experienced viral breakthrough or relapse, entered a 48-week entecavir rollover study.

RESULTS96 weeks after the treatment, 79% of ETV treated and 46% of LAM treated patients had HBV DNA less than 300 copies/ml (P < 0.0001), 96% of ETV treated and 92% of LAM treated patients had normalized ALT (P = 0.06). 21% of ETV treated and 23% of LAM treated patients achieved HBeAg seroconversion. Among the 160 patients received continuous ETV for 144 weeks, 89% had undetectable serum HBV DNA, 86% showed ALT normalization, and 27% achieved HBeAg seroconversion. ETV resistance was rare: only 3 patients showed ETV resistance 96 weeks after the treatment, and additional 2 patients developed ETV resistance during the following 48 weeks, genotyping indicated the ETV resistance was caused by gene mutation. Adverse event rates in ETV-treated patients were similar to those in LAM-treated patients, but fewer ALT flares were observed in ETV-treated patients.

CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrates that ETV treatment results in long-term HBV suppression and ALT normalization in Chinese CHB patients, and is associated with low rate of drug resistance.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Female ; Guanine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Viral Load ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore an ideal skin substitute with its appearance and texture similar to normal skin, to repair wounds with full-thickness skin defect.

METHODSComposite skin (CS) in question was composed of allo/xenogeneic acellular dermal matrix (ADM) and razor thin autoskin. One step skin grafting was employed in the experimental study and clinical trial. Razor thin autoskin alone was used as the control in the study. Changes in the antigenicity of ADM and the reformation of basement membrane (BM) structure at epidermis-dermis junction (EDJ) of ADMs were studied at designated time points after the grafting with biochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Fifty-three patients with full thickness skin defects due to various causes, including scar excision were grafted with CS, and survival rate and long-term result were observed.

RESULTSThe grafted CS survived satisfactory. The reformation of the basement membrane structure was clearly observed at the 28th post-graft week. The basement membrane cells grew with polarization in an undulating arrangement. There was reformation of dermal papillae and ridges. The antigenicity of allo-ADM was obviously lower than that of xeno-ADM. Sixty-five out of 70 pieces of CS grafting (92.9%) survived totally, two of them survived partially, and three failed due to infection. The longest follow-up period was 8 and a half years. The grafted CS appeared similar to the normal skin in regard to the texture and color, especially allo-ADM, and no evident rejection reaction was seen.

CONCLUSIONADM possessed very low antigenicity, thus serving a lasting framework after grafting. In addition, it could serve as a "dermal template" for the induction of tissue regeneration.

Animals ; Burns ; surgery ; Dermis ; transplantation ; Follow-Up Studies ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Male ; Rabbits ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Swine ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Treatment Outcome ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVETo seek ideal strategies in saving a patient with very extensive deep burns, and measures for functional reconstruction after convalescence.

METHODSA patient with 99. 5% TBSA flame burn injury (III degrees 80%, deep second degree 14.5% and superficial II degrees 5%), complicated with hypernatremia and hyperchloraemia was admitted 76 hours after the injury. Early escharectomy and alloskin grafting were performed. Because of the lack of autoskin donor site, the skin grafting of autologous skin was only undertaken whenever there was an available source, and the remaining wounds were temporarily covered with allografts. Finally the patient survived. After healing of all the wounds, contractures were corrected with skin from scars, flaps of scarred skin or composite skin, and more than 30 cicatricial contracture deformities were corrected after convalescence.

RESULTSAfter initial treatments and extensive early escharectomy, the patient's condition became stable gradually, without adverse complications. After 7 operations, the wounds finally healed completely after 106 days. The function of all joints were restored well and external appearance improved after 15 plastic and reconstructive operations during convalescence period. The patient was fully rehabilitated and resumed his original work 26 months after the injury.

CONCLUSIONFor those patients with massive burns and short of donor site, alloskin grafting after early escharectomy, and persistent repeated microskin grafting whenever any small amounts of own skin is available, is essential to stabilize the patients' condition, and reduce complications. Covering the wounds as the result of shedding off of eschar with alloskin can protect the undamaged cells in skin appendages to promote re-epithelization and wound healing. It is feasible to harvest skin grafts from scars, and use scar skin flaps and composite skin to repair contractures after convalescence with good outcome in function and external appearance.

Adult ; Burns ; surgery ; therapy ; Cicatrix ; surgery ; Contracture ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Skin Transplantation ; Surgical Flaps ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVETo explore the better clinical methods for the management of deep facial burn with optimal quality. Methods Fifty-four patients with deep facial burns were enrolled in the study and were divided into delayed skin grafting group (n=48) and early escharectomy group (n=6). In delayed grafting group, after the erosion of new born granulation tissue to the basal layer with blade holder or with peel or eschar shaving method at 3 postburn weeks (PBW) according to the eschar separation and granulation growth status, the whole face of the patients were divided into 10 regions and were then covered by split thickness auto skin. The same treatment was performed on the patients in early escharectomy group at 1 PBW. Physical therapy and plastic surgery were applied after skin grafting, and the patients were followed up from 3 month to 11 years. The first operation time, postburn facial operation time, operation times to repair the whole face, blood content of Hb, the amount of blood transfusion and hemorrhage and the prognosis were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThere was no difference between the two groups in regards to the first operation time, the total operation times,blood concentration of Hb before and after operation,and the amount of blood transfusion during the operation (P > 0.05). The operation time in delayed grafting group (21.9 +/- 3.2) d was obviously later than that in early escharectomy group (12.6 +/- 1.3) d, (P < 0.05). And there was evidently less amount of hemorrhage during operation(98 +/- 52) ml/100 cm2 than that in early escharectomy group (331 +/- 121) ml/100 cm2 (P < 0.01). The facial appearance of the patients in delayed grafting group was plump with more elasticity and richer expression compared with those in early grafting group. There exhibited different degrees of microstomia and both eyebrow defect in both groups during and after 1 postoperative year. In addition, mild to moderate ectropion and hypertrophic scar on the conjunction of grafted skin could appear in 80% of these patients. These deformities might be corrected by several times of plastic surgery.

CONCLUSIONBased on the principle of arranging skin grafts according to the cosmetic and functional area units, split thickness skin grafting can provide satisfactory results for the repair of deep burn injury involving whole face when the wounds were treated with eschar peeling, tangential excision, escharectomy, granulation tissue scaling, or early escharectomy. In comparison with early escharectomy, eschar peeling, tangential excision, escharectomy, or granulation tissue scaling can get better results with less bleeding, full and round facial appearance, more elasticity of grafted skin and richer facial expression appearance after the operation. Meanwhile, effective physical therapy and scheduled plastic surgery after skin grafting can also be very important in achieving cosmetic results in the repair and reconstruction of whole facial deep burn.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Burns ; surgery ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Facial Injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Skin Transplantation ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Wound Healing