Objective To explore the indication,technique and complications of Snodgrass operation in hypospadias repairment.Methods From Sep.2005 to Nov.2006,22 boys from 2 to 18 years old with hypospadias were treated with Snodgrass modification.The procedure was performed in 16 patients as a primary repairment and in 6 patients as the 2-stage repairment.The entire length of the urethral plate was incised along the midline in primary repairment,and the skin flaps and residual urethral plate were incised in the 2-stage repairment.The length of neourethra was from 1 to 10 cm.The neourethra was tubularized over a F 6 or F 8 catheter.The urethral stent was removed in 10 to 14 days pos-toperatively.Results Of the 22 patients,18(81.8%) required no other surgery as the repairment provided a normal appearing penis(straight,terminal meatus, cosmetics) without complications.Fistul aoccurred in 4 patients(18.2%) and meatal stenosis in 1 patient.Conclusion Snodgrass operation creates a vertical slit-like neomeatus.The procedures restores good function and normal appearance to the penis.

Objective To compare the curative effects of CT-guided ethanol injection and lauromacrogol injection into the sac cavity in treating ovarian endometriosis cysts. Methods A total of 86 patients with ovarian endometriosis cyst were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into ethanol group (n=44) and lauromacrogol group (n=42). Under CT guidance, injections of ethanol or lauromacrogol into the sac cavity of ovarian endometriosis cysts were respectively performed for the patients of both groups. The patients were followed up for six months, and the curative effects and the complications were analyzed. Results Six months after the treatment, the cure rates of ethanol group and lauromacrogol group were 95.50%and 92.86%respectively, and no statistically significant difference in cure rate existed between the two groups (P>0.05). The preoperative serum CA125 levels of the ethanol group and lauromacrogol group were (48.42±23.68)μg/L and(49.21±22.83) μg/L respectively, and the post operative ones were (23.56±5.89) μg/L and (25.49± 6.10) μg/L respectively; the differences between the preoperative data and the postoperative data were statistically significant in both groups (P<0.05), although the differences in serum CA125 levels between the two groups were not significant (P>0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the lauromacrogol group was obviously lower than that in the ethanol group (P<0.05). The cure time in the ethanol group was shorter than that in the lauromacrogol group, although the difference was not significant after six months. Conclusion For the treatment of ovarian endometriosis cysts, CT-guided lauromacrogol injection into the sac cavity has reliable curative effect. Compared to ethanol injection, injection of lauromacrogol is safer and has fewer adverse reactions. Therefore, this technique should be recommended in clinical practice. Serum CA125 can be used as an indicator for the evaluation of curative effect.

25 mmHg) had no response to conservative management, and,therefore,had to be decompressed by invasive procedure,including 6 patients performed by decompression laparotomy,2 patients by laparoscopic decompression and 5 patients by ultrasound/computed tomography location and needle paracentesis drainage.These 13 ACS patients had obvious amelioration in physiological variables (hemodynamic,respiratory and tissue perfusion) after 24 hour post-decompression (P

Objective To investigate the effect of simulated 400 m He-O2 saturation diving on the pulmonary oxidative-antioxidative system in rats.Methods SD rats were exposed to 4.1 MPa He-O2 mixture for 24 h in an animal chamber. Normal air pressure was used in the control group .The histopathology , contents of malondialdehyde ( MDA) , 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine(8-OHdG),and glutathione(GSH) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxi-dase( GSH-Px) in pulmonary tissues were determined .Results No difference was found during pathological examination or in MDA, 8-OHdG and SOD activity.GSH and GSH-Px activity were decreased significantly (P<0.05) after hyperbaric exposure.Conclusion Exposure to 4.1 MPa He-O2 for 24 h may promote oxidative stress and reduce antioxidative capacity rather than cause obvious oxidative damage in rat lungs .

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents and activities of Linum usitatissimum L.aboveground. Meth-ods The chemical constituents were separated through silica gel,ODS,Sephadex LH-20,and semi-preparative RP-HPLC chroma-tography and identified by optical rotation and spectroscopic analysis. All of the isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory activities by the luciferase assay. Results Eight dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans were separated from L. usitatissimum and identified as(-)-hinoki-nin(1),(-)-bursehernin(2),(-)-dimethylmatairesinol(3),(-)-yatein(4),(-)-thujaplicatin trimethyl ether(5),nemerosin (6),(+)-E-7,8-dehydromatairesinol dimethyl ether(7),and E-7,8-dehydrothujaplicatin trimethyl ether(8),respectively. Conclu-sion Compounds 7 and 8 were isolated from L. usitatissimum for the first time,and NMR spectral data of compound 8 were reported for the first time. Compounds 1 and 3 showed moderate inhibitory activities on IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway with IC50 values of 42.12 and 43.43μmol/L,respectively.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for regulating pediatric clinical drugs. METHODS:Package inserts of pediatric drugs used by the outpatient,inpatient and emergency pharmacies of our hospital during January and March in 2015 were collected. The information about pediatric drugs in the package inserts,including drug name,indications or functions,specification,adminis-tration and dosage,was calculated and analyzed. 815 kinds of drugs applicable to adults and children in our hospital were studied to summarize and analyze the dosage form,specification and dose of pediatric applicable drugs. RESULTS:438 package inserts were collected,including 327 related to chemicals and biologicals among which those imported or produced by sino-foreign joint venture were labeled with more complete information about drug use for children compared to those made in China,and 111 rele-vant to Chinese patent medicines and natural medicines for which there were significantly insufficient information about drug use for children. The applicable drugs with the dosage form for children and those with the specification therefor respectively accounted for 51.17% and 31.65% of the above-mentioned 815 kinds of drugs,and were mainly available as injections,tablets or capsules, granules and oral liquid. The drugs labeled with the dose based on the age group of children such as infant,preschooler,school child and adolescent(1-18 years old)accounted for 61.24% of those with the specification for children,the drugs labeled with the dose for babies (28 d-1 year old) accounted for 26.74% thereof,and the drugs labeled with the dose for neonatus (younger than 28 d)accounted for 12.02% thereof. CONCLUSIONS:The label information and variety of pediatric applicable drugs are marked-ly insufficient. It is suggested that our country should formulate relevant policies,strengthen the development of pediatric drugs and improve the data for clinical use thereof to ensure the safety of clinical use for children.

Objective To investigate MRI susceptibility weighted imaging( SWI) sequence on diagnostic value and clinical significance of spinal cord injury.Methods 52 cases admitted from Jan.2012 to Dec.2013 were collected.They underwent routine MRI sequence and SWI scanning.The conventional sequences and SWI for displaying hemorrhage were analyzed and compared.The patients were followed.Results The display rate of SWI scan for edema, contusion, and bleeding was significantly higher than that of the conventional group.The difference had statistical significance(P<0.05).SWI scanning imaging time was shorter than that of the conven-tional group.The difference had statistical significance(P<0.05).The type of spinal cord injury was mostly e-dema, accounting for 38.5%, significantly more than hemorrhage, necrosis and thickening.Conclusion SWI is more sensitive and clear in displaying bleeding caused by spinal cord injury compared to the conventional MRI se-quence, which is an important inspection method in spinal cord injury.

AIM: To investigative the inhibitory effects of Paecilomyces cicadae polysaccharide (PcPS) against HBV in vitro, and the effects on the Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA expression in HepG2.2.15 cell strain. METHODS: HepG2.2.15 cell strain was co-cultured in vitro with PcPS in different concentrations, and lamivudine (LMV) was applied as positive control. MTT assay was employed to detect the cytotoxicities of PcPS in vitro, when the HepG2.2.15 cells was used as target cells. The effects of PcPS on the secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg were assayed by ELISA method. Fluorescence quantitative-PCR (FQ-PCR) was used to detect the inhibitory effects of PcPS on the content of HBV-DNA and TLR4 mRNA in HepG2.2.15 cells. RESULTS: The inhibitory effects of PcPS on the HBsAg and HBeAg were observed and the maximum inhibitory ratio up to 44.8% and 31.0%, respectively. The same inhibitory effects of PcPS on the HBV-DNA replication and TLR4 mRNA expression in HepG2.2.15 cells were also found. CONCLUSION: A certain concentration of PcPS significantly inhibits HBV replication in vitro.

Objective To explore the clinical utility of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) urine test as a non-invasive method for diagnosing the upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUTUC).Methods Urine specimens from 30 consecutive patients with UUTUC were analyzed by means of FISH and cytology.Ultrasonic and CT were also used to analyze urine specimens from the study group.Urine specimens from 30 patients with other diseases were also analyzed by means of FISH and cytology in order to compare the specificity.Results The sensitivities of FISH,cytology,CT and ultrasonic were 87％,37％,90％ and 43％.The specificity of FISH and cytology were 97％ and 93％.The sensitivity between FISH and MMCT were compared and they were not statistically significantly superior to ultrasonic and cytology.FISH and cytology were compared and no specific statistical significance was found.The positive and negative predictive value for FISH was 96％ and 88％.For cytology it was 85％ and 60％.Conclusions FISH analysis is a useful ancillary test in the detection of UT-TCC with excellent sensitivity and specificity.It provides a more reliable and less invasive approach to diagnosis and postoperative follow-up for UT-TCC.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of retroperitoneal laparoscopic heminephroureterectomy for duplex kidney anomalies.Methods Retroperitoneoscopic heminephroureterectomy was performed on nine patients, six males and three females.The average age of the study group was 37 years ( range 13 to 58).Seven cases had anomalies on the upper kidney pole, two cases had anomalies on the lower kidney pole.Five anomalies were on the left side, two were on the right side and two were in bilateral sides (one special case had three ureters on the left side and two ureters on the right side ).Three cases complained of flank pain; two cases were found hydronephrosis by physical routine examination;Three cases complained of flank pain and fever; one cases complained of hematuria and kidney atones.All the cases were preoperatively diagnosed by color doppler ultrasound, MRU, IVP or CTU.Retroperitoneal laparoscopic heminephroureterectomy was performed on all patients.The operation time, blood loss, hospital stay, intraoperative and postoperative complications and efficacy were observed.Results All the retroperitoneal laparoscopic procedures were successfully completed.No intraoperative complications were found.The average operation time was 87 min (range, 65 to 125).The average blood loss was 112 ml (range, 30 to 600).The recovery times of intestinal function was 1.6 days ( range, 1 to 3 ).The average postoperative hospital stay was 7 days (range, 5 to 12).The syndrome disappeared and kidney function was normal at a mean followup of 18 monthes.Conclusions Retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgeries for duplex kidney has the benefits of being minimally invasive, fewer complications, quick recovery and certainty of efficacy.Retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgeries can be considered as a first operation method to treat duplex kidney anomalies.