To elucidate the processing mechanism of Herba Epimedii from the new view of the intestinal absorption and metabolism.From analyzing the literatures of processing mechanism and togethering with the research of our lab,a new idea of processing mechanism of Herba Epimedii was brought:the pharmacologically active and easier absorbed flavonoids might be present more in the herbs when changing the heating processing parameters and thereby increased or maintained the efficacy.This thesis first pointed the new idea and method that the intestinal absorption and metabolism of herbs should be considered when studying the mechanism of processing.

AIM: To evaluate the protective effects of mycophenolate mofetil on the kidneys of type 2 diabetic rats and discover their mechanisms. METHODS: Wistar rats were divided into three groups, such as normal control rats, diabetic rats, and diabetic rats in the treatment with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, 15 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ). Thirteen weeks later, urinary albumin excretory rate (UAE), creatine clearance (Ccr), blood glucose, blood insulin and blood lipid were measured, and kidney pathology was observed. Inmmunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expression of CTGF, ColI and ColⅢ. RESULTS: Mycophenolate mofetil decreased UAE, Ccr and reduced glomerular volume. The expression of CTGF and deposition of ECM decreased after diabetic rats received mycophenolate mofetil. CONCLUSION: Mycophenolate mofetil can protect the kidney of diabetic rats. Its mechanism may be related to the decrease of CTGF expression and extracellular matrix deposition in renal tissue.

Objective To explore the roles of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and TGF-?1 in aldosterone-induced PAI-1 production.Methods Quiescent rat mesangial cells (MCs) were treated by aldosterone.The level of ROS in MCs induced by aldosterone was measured by confecal laser scanning microscopy and the TGF-?1 activity in the supematant of culture was measured by mink lung epithelial cell (Mvllu) proliferation inhibition MTT assay.Then,before the addition of aldosterone,MCs were pretreated with NAC or TGF-?1 neutralizing antibody to decrease cellular ROS or inhibit activity of TGF-?1 induced by aldosterone respectively.PAI-1 mRNA was examined by semi-quantification RT-PCR and PAI-1 protein by Western blotting.Results The intracellular ROS induced by aldosterone increased by 5-fold compared to that of control group,and the activity of TGF-?1 stimulated by aldosterone increased markedly.TGF-?1 neutralizing antibody and NAC effectively decreased aldosterone-induced PAI-1 mRNA expression by 30% and 32%,and PAI-1 protein expression by 21% and 11%,respectively.However,neither TGF-?1 neutralizing antibody nor NAC alone could regulate aldosterone-induced PAI-1 mRNA and protein expression to normal level in 24 hours.Conclusions ROS and TGF-?1 play important roles in up-regulation of aldosterone- induced PAI-1 in MCs.ROS and TGF-?1 are not the exclusive pathway of PAI-1 expression induced by aldosterone in MCs.

Objective To investigate the situation of admission nursing evaluation on elderly patients of geriatrics departments in several Shanghai comprehensive hospitals, and the results will be the base for designing elderly patient′s comprehensive admission nursing evaluation form. Methods 41 nurse managers of geriatrics department in Shanghai comprehensive hospitals were selected as research object. Self-designed questionnaire included general data, elderly patient admission nursing evaluation content and the importance of each item. Results The effective recovery rate was 97.56%(40/41). 98%(39/40) hospitals considered that elderly patients need to have a comprehensive assessment according to the elderly characteristics, only 18%(7/40) hospitals used the special nursing evaluation form for elderly patients. The score of importance of five dimensions were as follows: geriatric syndromes or problems scored (4.64 ± 0.38), physical function assessment scored (4.60 ± 0.46), physiological function assessment scored (4.53 ± 0.45), mental and psychological assessment scored (4.10 ± 0.57) and social assessment scored (4.07±0.52). The score of importance of 29 items were as follows:fall assessment scored (4.90±0.30), pressure ulcer assessment scored (4.85 ± 0.36), activities of daily living scored (4.75 ± 0.44), urinary incontinence assessment scored (4.70 ± 0.52), pain assessment scored (4.70 ± 0.46). Conclusions It is of great significance to carry on the comprehensive admission nursing evaluation for the elderly patients, which needs to be valued and strengthened.

Objective Kangfuling granules can be used for the treatment of radiation damage , but its quality criteria has not been established .This paper aimed to establish the quality criteria of Kangfuling granules to control its quality . Methods Radix as-tragali and Radix angelicae sinensis in the formula both were identified qualitatively by TLC .The content of astragaloside IV was exam-ined by HPLC:Agilent Zorbax Extend-C18 (4.6 mm ×250 mm, 5μm) was used as the chromatographic column .The mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile-water (32:68) with a flow rate at 1.0 mL/min.The evaporative light scattering detector was used to detect the compound.The content of astragaloside IV and ferulaic acid was examined by HPLC: Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 (4.6 mm ×250 mm, 5 μm) was used as the chromatographic column .The mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile-0.085% phosphoric acid water (17:83) with a flow rate at 1.0 mL/min.The wave length was 320 nm and column temperature was set at 35℃. Results The same color spot was shown in the chromatogram of the test sample and the control sample in the corresponding position with no interference of negative control.The linear range for Astragaloside IV 0.030 6 mg/mL~0.612 0 mg/mL with R2 =0.999.The RSD of stability test was 2.17%.The RSD of precision test was 1.89%.The RSD of re-peatability test was 1.58%.The average recovery was 101.26%. The linear range for ferulaic acid 0.24-4.80 μg/mL with R2 =0.999.The RSD of stability test was 1.37%.The RSD of precision test was 0.83%.The RSD of repeatability test was 1.14%.The average recovery was 98.39%.This product was tentatively calculat-ed according to the dry matter , the amount of Astragaloside IV and ferulaic acid should not be less than 0.19 mg/g and 0.08 mg/g, re-spectively. Conclusion In this study, the established TLC was used for the qualitative identification of Kangfuling granules , and the content of Astragaloside IV and ferulaic acid was not less than 0.19 mg and 0.08 mg in per gram of Kangfuling granules , respectively. The established standard is suitable for the quality control of Kangfuling granules .

Objective:To explore the MRI features of cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation (CAA-ri).Methods:The clinical and imaging data of 12 patients with CAA-ri diagnosed in Affiliated Guizhou Aviation Industry Cor Ltd No 300 Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (9 cases), Xingyi People′s Hospital (2 cases) and Anshun people′s Hospital (1 case) from June 2013 to June 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 3 females and 9 males, aged from 57 to 89 years old, with an average age of 71±10 years. The twelve patients included 5 cases with probable CAA-ri and 7 cases with possible CAA-ri. The duration of the disease ranged from 30 minutes to 2 years. One patient has ApoE ε4/ε4 gene overexpressed. All the 12 patients underwent MRI, including susceptibility weighted imaging in 12 cases, DWI in 10 cases, contrast enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) in 9 cases, MRS in 3 cases, MRA in 7 cases, and perfusion-weighted imaging in 1 case.Results:Imaging features of CAA-ri included encephalopathic, tumoral, classical cerebral amyloid angiopathy(CAA) manifestations. Twelve cases of encephalopathic manifestations showed patchy white matter hyperintensity (WMH) involving U-shaped fibers on T 2 weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence (FLAIR), usually asymmetric,with various degree of mass effect, no diffusion restriction on DWI and no enhancement on CE-MRI. One case showed a single tumoral lesion with irregular enhancement on CE-MRI. The classic CAA findings included hemorrhagic lesions (microhemorrhage in 8 cases, lobar hemorrhage in 6 cases, subarachnoid hemorrhage in 3 cases, iron deposition on the brain surface in 7 cases) and ischemic lesions (microinfarction in 1 case, enlarged perivascular space and interlobar space in 4 cases). Follow-up showed lesions absorption and/or new lesion formation in 5 cases. Conclusions:The MRI features of CAA-ri are mainly patchy WMH involving U-shaped fibers on T 2 FLAIR, usually asymmetric, with wandering and alternating features, and inconsistency with clinical manifestations.

Objective To summarise the imaging features of rare mastitis and explore the diagnostic value of ultrasound, mammography and MRI for rare mastitis. Methods The record of 24 patients diagnosed as rare mastitis in our hospital from Jan. 2000 to Jun. 2009 was reviewed, including clinical manifestations, pathological results, imaging diagnosis and diagnostic accurate rate. Results Of the 24 patients, 14 patients were ductal ectasia with chronic mastitis, 3 granulomatous mastitis, 6 chronic abscess and 1 mammary tuberculosis. 13 patients underwent ultrasonic scan, 12 patients underwent mammography and 3 patients underwent MRI, with the diagnostic accurate rate 77%, 25% and 100% respectively. Conclusions There are no special imaging manifestations for most rare mastitis, however, some differential characteristics still exist. MRI has a higher accuracy compared to ultrasound and mammography. The combination of multiple imaging methods can improve diagnostic accuracy.

AIM: To prepare and identify mouse polyclonal antibody against protein Hlb, which is the variant of major subunit of human ASGPR. METHODS: Hlb specific peptide was synthesized and coupled with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) for immunization. Then H1b-KLH conjugation was injected into mouse subcutaneously to produce polyclonal antibody. ELISA assay was used to detect the titer of the antibody. Antibody was also identified by Western blot and immunohistochemistry assays. RESULTS: Mouse antibody against Hlb was prepared after injection of H1bKLH conjugation. The titer of H1b antibody was about 1:10~5.Western blot confirmed its high specificity. This antibody could also be used for immunohistochemistry analysis. CONCLUSION: The successful preparation of the polyclonal antibody against protein H1b, which can discriminate the two variants of the major subunit of ASGPR with high specificity, will provide an efficient reagent for further study of the physiologic functions of H1b and its role in the pathogenesis of human disease.

OBJECTIVETo compare the dissolution characteristics of colloidal silica and porous silica as the solid dispersion carrier, with baicalin as the model drug.

METHODThe baicalin solid dispersion was prepared by the solvent method, with colloidal silica and porous silica as the carriers. In the in vitro dissolution experiment, the solid dispersion was identified by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning and X-ray diffraction.

RESULTThe solid dispersion carriers prepared with both colloidal silica and porous silica could achieve the purpose of rapid release. Along with the increase in the proportion of the carriers, the dissolution rate is accelerated to more than 80% within 60 min. Baicalin existed in the solid dispersion carriers in the non-crystalline form.

CONCLUSIONThe release behaviors of the baicalin solid dispersion prepared with two types of carrier were different. Among the two solid dispersion carriers, porous silica dissolved slowly than colloidal silica within 60 min, and they showed similar dissolutions after 60 min.

Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Colloids ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; instrumentation ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Porosity ; Silicon Dioxide ; chemistry ; Solubility

Baicalin extremely fine powder was made by using ball-mill and the effect of micronization on the micromeritics properties of baicalin was studied and analyzed. The microstructures of baicalin ordinary and extremely fine powder were compared by scanning electron microscope, differential scanning calorimeter and X-ray diffraction and the powder characteristic of them was investigated. The hygroscopicity was studied. The effect of micronization on the dissolution of baicalin was investigated. The results showed that the chemical constituents of baicalin were not changed after micronization with better compressibility. It was confirmed that micronization technology had a certain application value in promoting the insoluble component of baicalin absorption with higher dissolution.
Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Solubility ; Wettability ; X-Ray Diffraction