[Objective]To investigate the treatment and result of the meniscal cyst treatment by arthroscopic partial meniscectomy and decompression of the cyst.[Method]Nine patients who had suffered from meniscal cysts were treated by arthroscopic partial meniscectomy and decompression of the cyst in General Hospital of Yanzhou Coal Mine Group during the period from January 2002 to December 2005.There were 3 males and 6 females.The age ranged from 16 years to 54 years,with an average of(32.5?14.1) years.The duration was between 2 months and 2 years with an average of(13.4?6.8) months.One patient had medial meniscal cyst and eight patients had lateral meniscal cysts.There were 5 cysts in meniscal anterior horn,3 cysts in meniscal body and 1 cyst in meniscal posterior horn.Meniscal lesions adhering to cysts included 6 horizontal cleavages and 3 complex cleavages.Arthroscopy was performed to identify the hole through the meniscus to cyst,then the meniscal tear was partially resected taking great care to preserve the meniscal rim.The planer was used to decompress the cyst and excise the wall of the cyst and broaden the passage between the cyst and the main knee compartment.After operation,all patients were instructed to perform quadriceps exercises.The patients were followed up from 6 to 38 months with an average of(17.2?9.8) months.A conclusion was deduced from the pre-and post-operative Lysholm score of the patients.[Result]None of the 9 patients reoccored during follow-up.After operation,the symptoms of the knee pain and swelling disappeared,the range of the knee motion restored,poping and locking didn't reoccur,the fullness at the site of the cyst died away.The complication of the operation didn't occur such as infection,damage of the vascular and nerve and restriction of the knee motion.Lysholm score of the 9 patients showed a significant improvement from(70.2?7.8) pre-operation to(96.7?3.3) post-operation(t=9.3868,P=0.000).[Conclusion]Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy and cyst decompression has obvious advantages of preserving the function of the meniscus and decreasing the incidence of the knee osteoarthritis.It should be the primary treatment of the meniscal cyst owing to its low morbidity and satisfying results.

Objective To observe the effect of treadmill training on metabotropic glutamate receptor of a middle cerebral artery occlusion model in rat and its underlying mechanisms. Methods Sprague-Dawley male rats of 2 or 3 months old were randomly divided into 3 groups: a sham operation group, an iscbemia-reperfnsion group and a treadmill training group (subject to 2 weeks of training after the ischemia-reperfusion). All the animals were sacri-ficed after 2 weeks of training and their brains were sampled for measurement of the expression level of the striatum mGluR Ⅰ-mRNA, using RT-PCR technique. Results The striatum mRNA of mGluR1 and mGluR5 was signifi-cantly elevated in the ischemia-reperfusion group(P<0.01), but treadmill training significantly suppressed the ele-vation of the expression of mRNA of mGluR1 and mGluR5 (P<0.01). Conclusions Treadmill training can signif-icantly downregulate mGluR Ⅰ-mRNA expression. This might be one of the important mechanisms for inhibition of the excitatory glutamate production.

Objective To find out the factors which would be likely to affect the occurrence of lactation mastitis.Methods 216 patients with lactation mastitis,who met our grouping criteria,were chosen for survey and clinical data collection.Their age,time of onset,mode of delivery,post-partum colostrum time,mastering of breast-feeding skills,feeding habits,occurring site of their mastitis and other data were input into SPSS 17.0 software,respectively,to perform retrospective analysis.Results Patients' average age and their age of first breast-feeding were all 30 years old ; the average age of their first pregnancy were 27 years old.Their initial post-natal breast-feeding was about 2 to 4 days.The onset of incidence of mastitis was about 28 days post-natal.First,second and third pregnancy patients represented 1/3 of the total patients respectively.63.4％ patients had cesarean delivery and only 36.6％ patients had vaginal delivery; 91.7％ were outpatients and 8.3％ patients were inpatients.10.6％ patients had abscess and 89.4％ patients hadn't.The distribution ratio of inflammation in the upper outer,lower outer,lower inner and upper inner quadrants of the breast was 30.6％,48.1％,19％,2.3％ respectively.If the mode of delivery is considered as a factor to investigate incidence time of mastitis and postpartum colostrums time,no significant difference between the two groups was found (P ＞ 0.05).Our survey indicated that 79.2％ patients did not have any knowledge of breastfeeding,8.8％ patients got the breast-feeding knowledge from their mothers,11.6％ patients got the breastfeeding knowledge from books or web resources,only 0.5％ of the patients participated in the training of breast-feeding.76.9％ patients never had breast massage,19％ of patients had a few times of massage,2.8％ of patients had occasional massage,and only 1.4％ of patients had regular breast massage with the help of their family.85.6％ patients didn't have their breasts emptied from breast-feeding to incidence of mastitis,11.6％ patients occasionally emptied their breasts,and only 2.8％ of patients can ensure one side of the breasts emptied daily.56.5％ patients used lying position with the lower breast as the most common breastfeeding posture,37％ patients used sitting position,only 6.5％ of patients used lying position with the upper breast.The correlation analysis of breeding posture and occurring site of lactation mastitis revealed that the Spearman coefficient was-0.14,P value was 0.04,which is statistically significant,suggesting there is correlation between occurring sites of lactation mastitis and breeding posture.Conclusions Mothers need to master breast-feeding skills including breast massage,breast milk emptying and breast-feeding postures to prevent the occurrence of mastitis.Furthermore,gravity probably affects the occurring sites of mastitis through its impact on patients' preferred breast-feeding postures.

Objective To investigate the changes in intrapulmonary shunting during controlled hypotension induced by sodium nitroprusside(SNP)in patients undergoing naso-endoscopic operation.Methods Forty ASAⅠorⅡpatients of both sexes(23 male,17 female)aged 16-50 yrs weighing 50-75 kg undergoing naso-endoscopic operation under general anesthesia with muscle relaxation and mechanical ventilation were studied.Radial artery was cannulated for direct BP monitoring and blood sampling.Right internal jugular vein was cannulated and the catheter was advanced into right ventricle.Blood sample taken from right ventricle was used as mixed venous blood instead of blood from pulmonary artery.ECG,MAP,HR and P_(ET) CO_2 were continuously monitored during operation Cardiac output was monitored with noninvasive cardiac function monitor(NC-COM.)based on impedance principle.SNP infusion was started at the beginning of operation at 1-3?g?kg~(-1)?min~(-1) and was then adjusted.MAP was reduced by 30%-40% and maintained at this level until the end of operation.Blood samples were taken from artery and right ventricle simultaneously before SNP infusion(T_1,baseline)at 30 and 60 min of hypotension(T_2,T_3)and at 20 min after BP returned to the baseline level(T_4)for blood gas analysis.Qs/Qt was calculated.Results Qs/Qt was significantly increased during controlled hypotension at T_2 and T_3 as compared to the baseline value(P＜0.01)and returned to the baseline level at T_4.HR was increased and cardiac output and stroke volume was significantly reduced during hypotension as compared to the baseline value.Conclusion The intrapulmonary shunting is increased and the hemodynamics is depressed during SNP-induced controlled hypotension and they return rapidly to baseline level after SNP is discontinued.No hypoxemia develops during SNP- induced hypotension.

Ebola hemorrhagic fever is an acute infectious disease caused by Ebola virus,the mor-tality rate of which is up to 90% . Due to its high infection rate,high mortality rate as well as being a serious threat to public health and safety,Ebola virus is listed as a World Health Organization Risk Group 4 Patho-gen(requiring Biosafety Level 4-equivalent containment). However,there is no effective control method and treatment for Ebola virus infection. Different approaches have been used to develop vaccines and therapeutic drugs against Ebola virus infection and clinical trials of some products have been initiated,such as ZMapp, BCX-4430,GS-5734,DNA vaccines,and adenovirus vector vaccines. National Institutes of Health(NIH) announced a successful development of vaccine for Ebola virus which had passed the clinical trial by the end of 2014. At the meantime,the first anti-Ebola virus medicine had also been approved in China for emergency use only. Recent advances in the research and development of therapeutic drugs and vaccines against Ebola virus will be described in this review.

Objective To study the expression of KAI1 and CD40 in gastric cancer and their correlation with clinicopathologic features and prognosis.Methods The expression of KAI1 and CD40 of 64 gastric cancer tissues was examinated by S-P immunohistochemieal methods.Results The overall positive rate of KAI1 was 22% in gastric cancer.Expression of KAI1 was positively related to the degree of tumor differentiation,it was negatively related to invasion depth and lymph node metastasis and the tumor clinical stage.The 5-year survival rate of cases with positive expression of KAII was significantly higher than that of cases with negative expression(X~2=42.426,P=0.000).The expression rate of CD40 in gastric cancer tissue was 34%.The expression of CD40 was significantly correlated with metastasis and clinical stage of gastric cancer.The 5-year survival rate of cases with positive expression of CD40 was significantly lower than that of cases with negative expression(X~2=4.841,P=0.028).There is no relationship between KAI1 and CD40 expression in gastric cancer.Conclusion KAI1 is associated with gastric cancer differentiation,invasion and metastasis.CD40 status helps to evaluate metastasis,and predict prognosis of gastric cancer.

Recent years, chemical constituents from spice volatile oils have gained worldwide concern owing to its multiple pharmacological effects and safety for using as the natural antibacterial agents. However, their poor dissolution, strong volatility, serious irritation, weak stability, easy oxidation and low bioavailability characteristics are the major obstacle in the preparation of effective oral formulation and practical application. Therefore, there is an urgent need to select a novel carrier system that can delivery the chemical constituents from spice volatile oils more efficiently with improving their stability as well as alleviating the irritation, and develop the functional food, health products and even medicine for exerting their pharmacological effects, which also is the focus and nodus of the research on their application. This review presents recent systematic studies on their novel carrier systems, including cyclodextrin inclusion complex, liposomes, nanoemulsions, nanoparticles, solid dispersion and so on, and summarizes the characteristics, application range and problems of each novel carrier systems, in order to provide some beneficial thoughts in further developing new products of chemical constituents from spice volatile oils.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; instrumentation ; methods ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Spices ; analysis

Objective:To investigate the curative effect of botulinum toxin type A combined with plastic operation of pouches on patients with eye skin relaxation and its impact on patients' satisfaction,and to provide reference for clinical application.Methods:A total of 60 patients with eye skin relaxation,who were treated in Baoji Central Hospital from June 2015 to June 2016,were selected as subjects and divided into control group (n=28) and treatment group (n=32) according to the patients' choices.The patients of control group were treated with plastic operation of pouches,while the patients of treatment group were treated with botulinum toxin type A combined with plastic operation of pouches.The two groups were followed up for 6 months.The improvement of crow's feet,the relief of pouches and the improvement of eye skin gloss of the patients after operation were observed and recorded.The incidence of complications were also observed.At the end of the follow-up,the satisfaction degrees of the patients were investigated with the self-made questionnaire.Results:After treatment,the improvement rate(100％) of crow's feet of the treatment group was significantly higher than that(60.71％) of the control group;the improvement rate (96.88％) of pouches of the treatment group was significantly higher than that (32.14％) of the control group;the improvement rate (87.50％) of eye skin gloss of the treatment group was significantly higher than that (53.57％) of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant (all P＜0.05).After treatment,there was no significant difference in the incidence of incision swelling,small amount of secretions and small hematoma between the two groups (P＞0.05),the operation eye swelling and incision bruises outer canthus in the control group were more than those in the treatment group (P＜0.05).The total satisfaction rate [93.75％ (30/32)] of the treatment group was significantly higher than that[67.86％ (19/28)] of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Botulinum toxin type A combined with plastic operation of pouches in the treatment of eye skin relaxation has a better efficacy and safety,which can significantly reduce the incidence of operation eye swelling and incision bruises outer canthus,and improve patients' satisfaction rate.It is worthy of clinical application.

Objective:To study the clinical efficacy of botulinum toxin type A injection in the treatment of upper facial dynamic wrinkles.Methods:A total of 35 patients with upper facial dynamic wrinkles treated in our hospital from February 2016 to October 2016 were selected as research objects.All the patients were treated with botulinum toxin type A.The excellence rate of 30min after treatment,3 d after treatment and 7 d after treatment were evaluated and compared.The facial wrinkles severity index of the patients were evaluated by the facial wrinkles scale (FWS),and the differences of the FWS index before treatment,4 weeks after treatment and 6 months after treatment were compared.The adverse reactions,like upper facial tension,fatigue and local injection of ecchymosis after treatment were observed and compared.Results:The excellence rate of the patients after treatment of 30 min,3 d and 7 d were gradually increased.The excellence rate of the patients after treatment of 3 d and 7 d were significantly higher than that of after treatment of 30 min,and the excellence rate of the patients after treatment of 7 d were significantly higher than that of after treatment of 3 d (P＜0.05).The FWS index of the patients after treatment of 4 weeks and 6 months were significantly lower than those of before treatment,and the FWS index of the patients after treatment of 4 weeks were significantly lower than that of 6 months after treatment(P＜0.05).After treatment,only 4 patients had slight discomfort and all of these symptoms were disappeared after 3-4 days,there was no effect on their normal work and life.Conclusion:Botulinum toxin type A injection has a remarkable clinical curative effect in the treatment of patients with upper facial dynamic wrinkles,can maintain tor a long time,and also has good safety,it is worthy clinical application.