Acute Disease ; therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Bloodletting ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tonsillitis ; therapy ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the infectious status,etiological spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of rotavirus (group A/B/C),calicivirus (novovirus Ⅰ/Ⅱ,sapovirus),astrovirus and enteric adenovirus in diarrhea cases below 5 years old from 2008 to 2015 in Henan provinces.Methods Totally 2541 stool samples were collected from cases below 5 years old in four sentinel hospitals.All stool specimens were tested for group A rotavirus by double antibody sandwich ELISA method.G/P genotyping of group A rotavirus was determined by nested multiplex PCR.Viral RNA was extracted from all samples and rotavirus (group B/C),calicivirus,astrovirus and enteric adenovirus were detected by two-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reation (RT-PCR)/PCR.Results One thousand four hundred and twenty-one out of 2 541 samples were positive with a total positive rate of 55 .9%,among which,102 were mixed infection.The isolation rate of rotavirus was 36.0% (914 samples)(group A:785 cases,group B:36 cases,group C:93 cases),calicivirus was 12.1 % (308 samples)(novovirus Ⅰ:64 cases,novovirusⅡ:193 cases,sapovirus:51 cases),astrovirus was 5 .9% (151 samples),enteric adenovirus was 1 .9%(48 samples).The group A rotavirus gene type combinations were composed mainly of G9P[8],G2P[4], G3P[8 ],G1P [8 ]and most cases were identified from September to November and March to May. Novovirus Ⅱ was predominant in calicivirus and most cases were identifed between March and May. Rotavirus or calicivirus infection was mainly among children aged 4—12 months or 3—5 years, respectively.Clinical manifestations included fever,diarrhea,vomiting,dehydration.Gender and region distributions differed according to the types of pathogen.Conclusions Group A rotavirus and novovirus Ⅱare the major viral pathogen in diarrhea cases younger than 5 years old in Henan province.Different viral infections exhibit extinct epidemiologic and clinical characteristics.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of neural salient serine/arginine-rich protein 1 (NSSR1) in colorectal cancer.

METHODSRT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the expression of NSSR1 mRNA and protein in different mouse tissues and human colorectal cancer, respectively.

RESULTSNSSR1 mRNA was expressed in mouse cerebrum, cerebellum, heart, liver, intestine, kidney and lung tissue, but NSSR1 protein was only expressed in neural tissues. In normal human intestinal mucosa, NSSR1 was expressed in the colorectal epithelial cells. In colorectal cancer, NSSR1 was highly expressed in the nucleus of tumor cells.

CONCLUSIONThe extensive expression of NSSR1 in colorectal cancer cells may hint it's roles in the biological function of colorectal cancer.

Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Colon ; metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rectum ; metabolism ; Repressor Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Serine-Arginine Splicing Factors

Breast Neoplasms ; etiology ; genetics ; therapy ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; physiology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo detect the expression of PTEN, PIP3 and cyclin D1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions and analyze their correlation.

METHODSImmunohistochemistry SP method was used to detect the expression of PTEN, PIP3 and cyclin D1 in 63 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma, 29 cases of simple hyperplasia, 33 cases of dysplasia, and 25 cases of normal oral mucosa.

RESULTSThe negative or low expression of PTEN in oral squamous cell carcinoma was 25%, which was remarkably lower than that in other groups. The positive expression of PIP3 in simple hyperplasia, dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma was 66%, 64%, and 76% respectively, which were much higher than those in normal oral mucosa. The positive expression of cyclin D1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma was 49%, which was significantly higher than that in other groups. The negative correlation between PTEN with PIP3, cyclin D1 and the positive correlation between PIP3 and cyclin D1 were observed.

CONCLUSIONSPTEN may play a role in the oncogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma, and PTEN may down-regulate the expression of PIP3, and then down-regulate the expression of cyclin D1, which leads to the suppression of cell growth.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Mouth Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; metabolism ; Precancerous Conditions ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVESpinal muscular atrophy (SMA), characterized by degeneration of the anterior horn cells in the spinal cord and symmetric proximal muscle weakness, is the most common autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease in infants and children. In Caucasian population, about 95% of clinically typical patients lack both copies of the telomeric survival motor neuron gene (SMN 1). However, the detection rate of the homozygous absence in Chinese patients is still controversial, which may lead to reduced confidence in the SMA genetic testing in clinical practice. The purpose of the current study was to determine the frequency of homozygous deletions of SMN 1 in Chinese patients, to evaluate the significance of the SMN 1 homozygous deletion assay in clinical applications, and the impact of the clinical re-visit followed by the genetic testing.

METHODSTotally 85 patients initially suspected of SMA were referred for SMA genetic testing. A polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay was used to detect the homozygous absence of SMN 1. Clinical re-visit was performed by the pediatric neurology specialists according to the international SMA diagnostic criteria, and histological examinations were carried out when they were necessary.

RESULTSAbsence of both copies of SMN 1 exon 7 were found in 57 (67%) of the 85 patients, and 28 patients (33%) had at least one copy. For the 28 patients with negative results, 19 were followed up by the pediatric neurologists. The clinical diagnosis of SMA could be excluded in 15 patients, but retained in the other 4 patients after the clinical re-evaluation and histological examinations. Thus, approximately 95% of the patients with clinically typical SMA in our cohort lacked both copies of SMN 1. Homozygous deletions of SMN 1 were detected in 96% (22/23), 93% (28/30) and 100% (7/7) of the patients with SMA type I, type II and type III, respectively. There was no significant difference in the deletion frequency among the subtypes.

CONCLUSIONSThe frequency of homozygous deletions of SMN 1 in this series of Chinese SMA patients was about 95%, which is similar to that reported in Caucasian population. The genetic test of homozygous deletions of SMN 1 should be considered as the first line test for the Chinese patients suspected of SMA. The clinical re-visit and re-evaluation which is essential in clinical diagnosis, genetic counseling and medical management, should be routinely performed after the genetic testing.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Exons ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Genetic Testing ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Muscular Atrophy, Spinal ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Survival of Motor Neuron 1 Protein ; genetics

A proposal is presented to improve the original complicated control of the exposure parameters in the direct radiography system (DR). The interface circuitry of the high-voltage generator is redesigned using RS-232 serial COM port. The data and signals are transmitted between the personal computer and the high-voltage generator in the serial mode. A program package is designed to realize the control of the exposure parameters of the high-voltage generator in DR on the PC machine. Experiment results have shown that the proposed console operates steadily and it is capable of providing a more convenient operation console for the direct radiography system.
Computers ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Microcomputers ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; instrumentation ; methods ; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; instrumentation ; methods ; Radiography ; instrumentation ; methods ; Software ; User-Computer Interface

OBJECTIVETo study the abnormal reactions of a series of free radicals and the oxidative damages induced by free radical abnormal reactions in the bodies of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis.

METHODSEighty chronic glomerulonephritis patients (CGNP) and eighty healthy adult volunteers (HAV) were enrolled in a random control study, in which concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) in plasma, lipoperoxides (LPO) in plasma and in erythrocytes, and vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE) and beta-carotene (beta-CAR) in plasma as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in erythrocytes were determined with spectrophotometric assays.

RESULTSCompared with the average values of the above biochemical parameters in the HAV group, the average values of NO in plasma, and LPO in plasma and erythrocytes in the CGNP group were significantly increased (P = 0.0001), while those of VC, VE and beta-CAR in plasma as well as those of SOD, CAT and GPX in erythrocytes in the CGNP group were significantly decreased (P = 0.0001). Pearson product-moment correlation analysis showed that with increase of the concentration of blood creatinine as well as prolongation of the course of disease in the CGNP, the concentrations of NO in plasma, and LPO in plasma and erythrocytes in the CGNP increased gradually, while the concentrations of VC, VE and beta-CAR in plasma as well as the activities of SOD, CAT and GPX in erythrocytes in the CGNP decreased gradually (P = 0.002454-0.000001). The relative risk ratio (RR) of the above biochemical parameters reflecting oxidative damages in the bodies of CGNP ranged from 6.061 to 72.429. The reliability coefficient (alpha) that the above biochemical parameters were used to reflect the oxidative damages of the CGNP was 0.8137, standardized item alpha = 0.9728, Hotelling's T-Squared = 1135680.191, F = 53274.6478, P = 0.000001.

CONCLUSIONSThe findings in this study show that in the bodies of CGNP a series of free radical chain reactions result in severe pathological aggravation and induce oxidative damages in their bodies. Therefore, suitable dose of antioxidants should be supplemented to them so as to alleviate oxidative damages in their bodies.

Adult ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Catalase ; pharmacology ; Chronic Disease ; Erythrocytes ; enzymology ; Female ; Free Radicals ; adverse effects ; Glomerulonephritis ; physiopathology ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; adverse effects ; analysis ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidative Stress ; Superoxide Dismutase ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo estimate the oxidative stress and oxidative damage induced by abnormal free radical reactions in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients' bodies.

METHODSSeventy-two IgA N patients (IgANP) and 72 healthy adult volunteers (HAV) were enrolled in a random control study design, in which the levels of nitric oxide (NO) in plasma, lipoperoxide (LPO) in plasma and in erythrocytes, and vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE) and beta-carotene (beta-CAR) in plasma as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in erythrocytes were determined with spectrophotometric methods.

RESULTSCompared with the HAV group, the averages of NO in plasma, and LPO in plasma and in erythrocytes in the IgANP group were significantly increased (P<0.0001), while those of VC, VE and beta-CAR in plasma as well as those of SOD, CAT and GPX in erythrocytes in the IgANP group were significantly decreased (P<0.0001). Linear correlation analysis showed that with the increase of the values of NO, and LPO in plasma and in erythrocytes, and with the decrease of those of VC, VE, beta-CAR, SOD, CAT and GPX in the IgAN patients, the degree of histological damage of tubulointerstitial regions was increased gradually (P<0.0001); and that with the prolongation of the duration of disease the values of NO, and LPO in plasma and erythrocytes were increased gradually, while those of VC, VE, beta-CAR, SOD, CAT and GPX were decreased gradually (P<0.005). The discriminatory correct rates of the above biochemical parameters reflecting oxidative damage of the IgAN patients were 73.8%-92.5%, and the correct rates for the HAV were 70.0%-91.3% when independent discriminant analysis was used; and the correct rate for the IgAN patients was increased to 98.8%, the correct rate for the HAV was increased to 100% when stepwise discriminant analysis was used. The above biochemical parameters' reliability coefficient (alpha) were used to estimate the oxidative damage of the IgAN patients as 0.8145, the standardized item alpha=0.9730, F=53273.5681, P<0.0001.

CONCLUSIONSA series of free radical chain reactions caused serious pathological aggravation in the IgANP' bodies, thus resulting in oxidative damage in their bodies. In treating IgANP, therefore, it is necessary that suitable dose antioxidants should be supplemented to them so as to alleviate the oxidative damage in their bodies.

Adult ; Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Female ; Free Radicals ; blood ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; blood ; Humans ; Male ; Oxidative Stress

OBJECTIVETo examine the expression and distribution of NF-kappaBp65, TRAF2, and cyclinD1 and their association with cell apoptosis in oral lichen planus (OLP).

METHODSSixty OLP patients were divided into erosion-atrophy group (n=30) and non-erosion group (n=30) according to their clinical features. Immunohistochemistry with SP method was used to detect the expressions of NF-kappaBp65, TRAF2, cyclinD1 in the 60 OLP and 40 normal oral mucosa (control) specimens. TUNEL assay of randomly selected specimens from 10 normal and 15 OLP cases was performed to detect the cell apoptotic index (AI).

RESULTSCompared with the control group, OLP group showed significantly increased AI of the epithelial cells (67.32-/+18.99) and decreased AI of the lymphocytes (34.12-/+9.89) (P<0.05). In the OLP group, the positivity rates for NF-kappaBp65, TRAF2, and cyclin D1 in the epithelial cells (85.00%, 76.67% and 71.67%, respectively) and in the lymphocytes (91.67%, 86.67% and 70.00%, respectively) were all significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). NF-kappaBp65 expression was significantly increased in the lamina propria in the non-erosion OLP group as compared to the erosion-atrophy group. A positive correlation was noted between lymphocyte NF-kappaBp65 expression and AI of the epithelial cells, but an inverse correlation found between lymphocyte NF-kappaBp65 expression and the AI of the lymphocytes. Lymphocyte TRAF2 and cyclin D1expressions were also inversely correlated to lymphocyte AI. There was a positive correlation between TRAF2 and cyclin D1 expressions and the expression NF-kappaBp65 in the epithelial cells and lymphocytes in OLP.

CONCLUSIONSAccelerated apoptosis of the keratinocytes and inhibition of lymphocyte apoptosis may coexist to contribute to the formation and progression of OLP. NF-kappaBp65 expression, particularly its abnormal nuclear expression, may play a partial role in the pathogenesis of OLP.

Adult ; Aged ; Apoptosis ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Epithelial Cells ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Lichen Planus, Oral ; metabolism ; Lymphocytes ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2 ; metabolism ; Transcription Factor RelA ; metabolism ; Young Adult