Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Humans ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Radiation, Nonionizing ; adverse effects

The effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on pulmonary shunt were studied during gen- eral anesthesia and postoperative period.Twenty cholecystectomy patients were randomly divided into experiment group (group P) and control group (group Z). PEEP and ZEEP were used separately after induction. Artery blood and mixed blood from the right ventricle were taken for blood gas analysis and determine the amount of pulmonary shunting before anesthesia. half and hour, one and half an hour and two and half an hour after anesthesia and one hour after the operation.The results showed that shunt in group P decreased gradually during general anesthesia and returned to the level of preoperation at an hour after operation. Shunt in group Z was increased continually and the level was significantly higher than preoperation an hour after operation. Shunt between two groups was significant difference (P

Objective To investigate the changes in intrapulmonary shunting during controlled hypotension induced by sodium nitroprusside(SNP)in patients undergoing naso-endoscopic operation.Methods Forty ASAⅠorⅡpatients of both sexes(23 male,17 female)aged 16-50 yrs weighing 50-75 kg undergoing naso-endoscopic operation under general anesthesia with muscle relaxation and mechanical ventilation were studied.Radial artery was cannulated for direct BP monitoring and blood sampling.Right internal jugular vein was cannulated and the catheter was advanced into right ventricle.Blood sample taken from right ventricle was used as mixed venous blood instead of blood from pulmonary artery.ECG,MAP,HR and P_(ET) CO_2 were continuously monitored during operation Cardiac output was monitored with noninvasive cardiac function monitor(NC-COM.)based on impedance principle.SNP infusion was started at the beginning of operation at 1-3?g?kg~(-1)?min~(-1) and was then adjusted.MAP was reduced by 30%-40% and maintained at this level until the end of operation.Blood samples were taken from artery and right ventricle simultaneously before SNP infusion(T_1,baseline)at 30 and 60 min of hypotension(T_2,T_3)and at 20 min after BP returned to the baseline level(T_4)for blood gas analysis.Qs/Qt was calculated.Results Qs/Qt was significantly increased during controlled hypotension at T_2 and T_3 as compared to the baseline value(P＜0.01)and returned to the baseline level at T_4.HR was increased and cardiac output and stroke volume was significantly reduced during hypotension as compared to the baseline value.Conclusion The intrapulmonary shunting is increased and the hemodynamics is depressed during SNP-induced controlled hypotension and they return rapidly to baseline level after SNP is discontinued.No hypoxemia develops during SNP- induced hypotension.

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetic characteristics of triflusal capsule in healthy volunteers. METHODS:In ran-domized test,36 healthy volunteers were randomly divided into 3 groups. They were given low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose of Triflusal capsule(300 mg,600 mg and 900 mg),qd,for one day,and then pharmacokinetic study of single dose of Triflusal capsule was conducted;Triflusal capsule medium-dose group was continuously given medicine for 13 days,and then pharmacokinetic study of multiple dose of Triflusal capsule was conducted. The plasma concentration of triflusal was determined by LC-MS/MS,and Zorbax SB-C18 column was used with methanol-0.2% formic acid (80:20,V/V) at the flow rate of 0.2 ml/min. ESI was adopted in MRM mode,negative ion detection was carried out,quantitative analysis m/z 247.1→161.1(triflusal),m/z 294.0→250.0(internal standard, diclofenac sodium). Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by using WinNonlin 6.2 software,and the difference of them were compared. RESULTS:The linear range of triflusal were 0.05-20 μg/ml. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of triflusal capsules high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups were as follows:t1/2 were (0.45 ± 0.20),(0.47 ± 0.10),(0.43 ± 0.20) h;tmax were (0.56±0.20),(0.60±0.20),(0.47±0.40)h;cmax were(3.30±0.98),(10.65±3.26),(13.96±4.88)μg/ml;AUC0-8 h were(3.99±0.93), (13.29±1.72),(19.62±6.78)μg·h/ml;within dose of 300-900 mg,linear relationship was found between cmax,AUC0-8 h and dose(R2=0.954,0.986). When reaching stable state of multiple dose,average blood concentration was(0.71±0.20)μg/ml;main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows:AUCs(17.10±4.82)μg·h/ml,t1/2(0.49±0.10)h,tmax(0.85±0.62)h,cmax(11.58±3.99)μg/ml,AUC0-8 h (16.99±4.84)μg·h/ml,AUC0-∞(17.08±4.81)μg·h/ml;accumulation factor(1.28±0.40). tmax and t1/2 of single dose were similar to those of multiple dose. CONCLUSIONS:LC-MS/MS can determine the content of triflusal in human plasma rapidly and accurately, and accumulation phenomena exist in healthy Chinese volunteers,which shows linear pharmacokinetic characteristics.

Objective To investigate the methylation status of Foxp3 gene and its roles in immunological pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease(KD). Methods Thirty children with KD and eighteen agematched healthy children consented to participate in this study. Quantitative methylation specific polymerase chain reaction(MSQP) was used to assess the methylation status of Foxp3 promoter and regulatory T cells specific demethylated region(TSDR) in CD4+ T cells. The proportion of CD4+ CD25 + Foxp3 + regulatory T (Tr) cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Transcriptional levels of CD4+ CD25 + Foxp3 + Tr associating genes (Foxp3, CTLA4, GITR, LAG3 and CCR8 ) and Foxp3-dependent molecules (UBD and LGAIS3)were measured by real-time PCR. Results ( 1 ) Demethylation level of Foxp3 promoter in CD4 + T cells from patients with KD was lower significantly than that of health subjects( P ＜ 0.01 ), and increased significantly after treated with intravenous gamma globulin therapy(IVIG) (P ＜ 0.01 ). No difference of demethylation level of TSDR region was observed among all groups ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). ( 2 ) The proportion of CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + Tr in peripheral blood from patients with KD , as well as mRNA levels of Foxp3 gene in CD4+ T cells, was significantly lower than those of health subjects ( P ＜0. 01 ), and increases significantly after IVIG therapy (P ＜0.01 ). Significant positive correlations between demethylation level of Foxp3 promoter and the proportion of CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + Tr , or expression levels of Foxp3 in CD4 + T cells, were observed during acute phase of KD (CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+ Tr: r=0.76, P＜0. 01; Foxp3: r=0.89, P＜0. 01). (3)Transcription level of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Tr associating factors, such as CTLA4, GITR, LAG3 and CCR8, was significantly down-regulated in acute phase of KD(P＜0. 01 ), and up-regulated to some extent after treated with IVIG(P ＜0. 01 ). Expression levels of Foxp3-dependent molecules UBD and LGALS3 in CD4 + T cells decreased significantly during acute phase of KD (P ＜ 0.01 ), and basically recovered to the levels of health subjects( P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusion Decrease of demethylation level of Fopx3 promoter is correlated with immune dysfunction in Kawasaki disease.

Objective To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of renal tuberculosis.Methods A retrospective study was made on 96 cases.Results Frequency (51.8%), urgency (37.2%),odynuria (33.4%),lumbodynia (41.0%),and hematuria(48.1%)were the most common symptoms. The diagnostic accuracy of IVU, B-type ultrasonography, CT and biopsy of mucous membrane of urinary bladder were 69.1%,12.5 %,37.5% and 33.3% respectively. 96 cases were given medicine (INH+RFP+PZA or PIA for 6-8 months).38 cases(39.6%)have been cured, while symptoms of 43 cases (44.8%) have been improved. Operation was performed on 15 cases that were ineffective treated by chemical therapy. Conclusions Urine routine, IVP, cystoscopy+biopsy of mucous membrane of urinary bladder provide important information for the diagnosis of renal tuberculosis. INH, REP and EMB or PIA combination therapy yields satisfactory outcome for early cases.

Objective To investigate the evolution of diffusion indices in the pyramidal tract with Wallerian degeneration(WD)due to cerebral infarction using diffusion tensor imaging(DTI),and to study the relationship between early changes of diffusion indices and motor deficit.Methods Fifteen patients (13 males and 2 females)with acute cerebral infarction(within 7 days)were recruited from the Neurology Department from Mar 2006 to Jan 2007.A11 patients were assessed with DTI.National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS),Bathel Index(BI),modified Rankin Scale(mRS)and Motricity Index(MI)within 7 days from onset,and at the second week.DTI was performed with SIEMENS Trio 3.0 T MR scanner.The placement of region of interest(ROI),measurement of diffusion indices were performed by DTI Studio software.The mean diffusivity(MD),the fractional anisotropy(FA),the first eigenvalue (λ1),the second eigenvalue(λ2),and the third eigenvalue(λ3)were computed.Results At the second week.NIHSS was 6.93±3.39.BI 45.33±26.01,mRS 4.33±0.90.and MI 69.47± 60.71.At the second week from onset.MD of the pyramidal tract at the levels of the middle slice of pons and the superior slice of medulla oblongata showed no significant differences between both the two sides at second week from onset. Other ROI showed significant differences between both sides.MD.FA and λ1 of affected side were lower than the unaffected side.λ2 and λ3 of the affected side were higher than the unaffected side.Positive correlations were found between FA and BI(r=0.530,P=0.042),FA and MI(r=0.543,P=0.036)at the second week.Negative correlations were found between FA and NIHSS(r=-0.613,P=0.015)at the second week.Conclusions DTI can detect the changes in the pyramidal tract due to WD within 7-14 days after ischemic stroke.including a decrease of the fractional anisotropy.the first eigenvalue and increased the second and the third eigenvalues.The fractional anisotropy of the second week from onset is related to the outcome of the motor function.

Objective To explore the inhibiting effects of arsenic trioxide and cisplatin on MG-63 cells. Methods Using MTT assay,flowcytometry,phase contrast microscopy and electron microscopy methods,the therapeutic effect of arsenic trioxide was studied for the osteosarcoma in the cultured MG-63 cells in vitro,and compared these effects with cisplatin. The inhibitory rotes of cell growth and the effect of apoptosis and cell cycle were compared between arsenic trioxide and cisplatin on MG-63 cells. Results The contrast phase microscope revealed the adhesion ability of normal groups was good and cellular morphology showed epithelium cells. But the celhdar morphology showed irregular arrangement in arsenic trioxide groups and cytoplasmic vacuoles in cisplatin group. Electron microscope revealed the globular plasmalemma ecphymas in cell surface of control groups,the enlarged crista mitochondriales and the double-deck membrane structure appeared clearly. But electron microscope revealed globular plasmalemma processes in cell surface of arsenic trioxide groups,thinned crista mitochondriales and clearly seen karyopycnosis and nuclear membrane of apoptotic cells. The globular plasmalemma processes in cell surface of cisplatin groups were separated,nuclear membrane thickened and chromatin were in sandy shape. Both arsenic trioxide and cisplatin inhibited effectively MG-63 cells growth. There was a significant difference in different groups of inhibition ratios to the growth of cells(all P < 0.05). In 2,4,8,16,32,64,128 hours,the inhibition ratios(%) of arsenic trioxide(56.31±0.03,70.00±0.06,79.84±0.03,87.31±0.13,84.70±0.09,90.68±0.06,91.18±0.05) and cisplatin groups(7.55±0.15,15.70±0.17,30.72±0.07,49.80±0.05,45.11± 0.13,61.62±0.08,93.80±0.12) were obviously increased as compared with those in the control group(2.03± 0.07,2.78±0.08,3.11±0.01,5.67±0.04,12.23±0.04,18.65±0.04,24.45±0.04,all P < 0.05). Moreover the inhibition ratio of arsenic trioxide group in 2 to 32 hour was significantly higher than that of cisplatin group and the effect was more faster(all P < 0.05). Both arsenic trioxide and cisplatin could induce apoptosis MG-63 cells. There was a significant difference in different groups of the inhibition ratio to the growth of cells(F = 13.317,P < 0.05). The inhibition ratios(%) of arsenic trioxide on 24,36,48 hour(20.50±3.78,45.76±9.90,25.16±15.41),and cisplatin groups on 24,36,48 hour(12.55±1.51,18.85±3.40,12.37±5.43),were obviously increased as compared with those in the control group at the same time(6.57±1.48,8.03±2.08,6.54±1.30,P< 0.05 or<0.01). Both arsenic trioxide and cisplatin inhibited MG-63 cells cycle. There was a significant difference in different groups of the inhibition ratio to the growth of cells(F = 54.579,43.429,21.795,P < 0.05 or < 0.01). And the total inhibition ratios(%) in G1 cycle of arsenic trioxide(78.26±5.24) and cisplatin groups(80.48±2.81) were obviously increased as compared with those in the control group(57.49±6.65,all P < 0.05 or < 0.01). Conclusions Arsenic trioxide and cisplatin can effectively inhibit the proliferation of MG-63 cell line and induce the apoptosis of MG-63 cell line. And the effects induced by arsenic trioxide group were faster than that of cisplatin groups. Moreover arsenic trioxide can arrest the cell cycle of MG-63 cell line at G1 phase.

Objective To study the correlations between bone fracture types and healing time in patients with osteofluorosis. Methods Thirty-seven patients with osteefluorosis and long tubular bone fracture were diagnosed in accordance with radiogram retrospectively. The fractures were divided into two groups: sclerotic and osteoporotic. Twenty four fractured patients with non osteofluorosis were included in the study as controls. All of the patients had operation(open reduction and nickelclad internal fixation). Fracture healing in patients with sclerotic and osteoporotic groups was compared with the control group after operation. Results There were notable differenees(F=4.30,P< 0.05) in term of fracture healing time among the three groups [sclerotic group:(18.4±5.3)weeks; osteoporotic group: (24.5±5.1)weeks; control group: (17.6±3.8)weeks]. Notably, there were significant differences between the osteoporotic and control groups(q=2.34,P<0.05), and between sclerotic and osteoporotic gronps(q=2.51, P<0.05). The healing time of the osteoporotic group was longer than that of sclerotic group. The constituent ratios of fracture healing in sclerotic, osteoporotic and control groups were 73.1% (19/26) ,54.5% (6/11),75.0% (18/24) respectively, and the differences among the three groups were statistically significant(X2=3.67,P<0.05). The healing rate of the osteoporotic group was lower than that of sclerotic and control groups(X2=3.12, 3.36, all P< 0.05). The constituent ratios of healing in the sclerotic, osteoporotic and control groups were 26.9% (7/26),45.5% (5/11),25.0%(6/24), respectively, and there differences among the three groups were statistically significant (X2=4.07 ,P<0.05). The delayed healing rate of the osteoperotic group was higher than those of the sclerotic and control groups(X2= 3.87,3.95, all P<0.05). Conclusions Fracture healing time of osteoporotic osteofluorosis after fracture is longer than normal, and the cause might be the loss of bone mass.

Objective To provide the service for scientific innovation and competition in biomedical industry of Hunan Province and the reference for working out biomedical patent strategies.Methods The data of biomedical patents in Hunan Province were collected using the patentEX and processed by metrics.Results The application number of patents increased from year to year with a high expiry rate.The technology of biomedical patents has entered into its mature period and the application of patents was focused on several important IPC classifications.Conclusion Tra-ditional technologies play a main role in biomedical industry of Hunan Province, but Hunan Province is relatively backward in modern biological technologies.The application number of invented biomedical patents is rather large, but their overall academic level is rather low.The majority of biomedical industry enterprises lack of competition awareness.It is thus necessary to strengthen the development of modern biological technologies, improve the aca-demic level of biomedical patents, increase the competition awareness of biomedical industry enterprises, lay stress on cooperative development of biomedical patents and on support of biomedical industry enterprises.