Abstract?AlM:To study the thickness changes of retinal nerve fiber layer ( RNFL) in Parkinson's disease ( PD) .?METHODS:Fifteen eyes of 15 PD patients in early stage and 18 eyes of 18 controls were chosen to take RNFL examination by optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) . Circular scans were taken around the optic nerve head (diameter = 3. 46mm) to record the features of RNFL. Scanning areas included eight quadrants of the temporal, superior, nasal, inferior, inferior-temporal, superior-temporal, inferior-nasal and superior-nasal quadrant. RNFL thickness was comparatively analyzed in eight quadrants and the average level in two groups.?RESULTS: RNFL thickness in two groups in temporal, superior, nasal , inferior, temporal- inferior, temporal-superior, nasal-inferior, nasal-superior were: ( control/PD) 83. 2 ± 17. 5μm/68. 7 ± 13. 5μm, 132. 7 ± 17. 4μm/128. 1 ± 25. 3μm, 83. 7 ± 22. 3μm/76. 5 ± 17. 8μm, 141. 5 ± 15. 3μm/128. 6± 13. 2μm, 117. 9 ± 24. 5μm/103. 3 ± 14. 1μm, 120. 8 ± 21. 2μm /102. 6 ± 23. 7μm, 110. 2 ± 27. 7μm/96. 6 ± 15. 0μm, 109. 6 ± 20. 6μm/101. 2 ± 20. 9μm. The average RNFL thickness in controls was 109. 9 ± 8. 5μm while it showed 102. 3 ± 11. 9μm in PD group. RNFL thickness in inferior, temporal, inferior-temporal, superior-temporal and the average RNFL thickness were statistically different in two groups ( t= 2. 595, 2. 700, 2. 153, 2. 330, 2. 131;P= 0. 014, 0. 011,0. 040,0. 026,0. 041).?CONCLUSlON: RNFL thickness in inferior, temporal, inferior temporal, superior temporal and the average RNFL thickness are significantly thinner in mild PD than those in the controls.

Objective:To prepare and optimize sorafenib-Eudragit RS nanoparticles( S-E üPs)and investigate the physicochemi-cal properties. Methods:S-E üPs were prepared by a solvent-nonsolvent method. Single factor experiments were used to research the effect of solvent,stabilizer type,carrier ratio and the proportions of water phase and organic phase on the physicochemical properties of S-E üPs. S-E üPs were evaluated by the particle size,zeta potential and morphology,and the in vitro drug release of S-E üPs was studied using dialysis technology. Results:The mean size was(86. 72 ± 3. 71)nm,the PDI and zeta potential was(0. 20 ± 0. 032)and (36. 6 ± 0. 3)mV,respectively,S-E üPs showed spherical shape with uniform distribution. The drug release in vitro was accorded with a Weibull equation. Conclusion:The solvent-nonsolvent method is appropriate for the preparation of S-E üPs. The nanoparticles have small particle size,uniform distribution,regular morphology and significant sustained-release property.

Ginseng and its effective components are famous for their influence to enhance human immunity, regulate endocrine and antioxidant action. However, the different effects of different components are not clear. In this study, Wistar rats were used to study the effects of main components of ginseng, including total ginsenoside, panaxadiol saponins, panaxtrol saponin and ginseng polysaccharide. The results showed that the effects of panaxadiol saponins and ginseng polysaccharide on improving animal immune organ weight, plasma interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 6 (IL-6), plasma gamma-interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were better than that of the other groups. Total ginsenoside and panaxtrol saponin can effectively increase the concentration of spleen NK cells (NKC) while panaxadiol saponins and ginseng polysaccharide can significantly increase the concentrations of rat plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone (CORT) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). As for the effect of increasing organization nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), total ginsenoside is better than that of other groups. In brief, different components in ginseng possess different effects on enhancing immunity, regulating endocrine and resisting oxidation. Panaxadiol saponins and ginseng polysaccharide are better in enhancing immune, and total ginsenoside shows advantages in resisting oxidation and stress.
Adrenal Glands ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; blood ; Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Corticosterone ; blood ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacology ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; Immune System ; drug effects ; physiology ; Interferon-gamma ; blood ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Killer Cells, Natural ; drug effects ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Organ Size ; drug effects ; Panax ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats, Wistar ; Saponins ; pharmacology ; Spleen ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Thymus Gland ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Thyrotropin ; blood

Aim To investigate the protective effects of on focal cerebral ischemic-reperfusion(I/R)injury in rats.Methods The model of rat middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)was induced to observe the change of praxiology of rats,infarction percentage,water content,histology of the rat brains.The levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),reduced glutathione hormone(GSH),Na+,K+-ATPase,Ca2+-ATPase,nitric oxide(NO)were also measured.Results Salidroside at different dosages(24,12,6 mg?kg-1)could obviously decrease cerebral function score,cerebral infarct size and water content,and repair pathological injury of focal cerebral I/R in rats.MDA,LD,NO contents in brain tissue were significantly decreased and activities of GSH,SOD were significantly improved.Na+,K+-ATPase,Ca2+-ATPase at dosages of 24,12 mg?kg-1 were also significantly improved.Conclusion Salidroside had protective effects on injuries of cerebral I/R.

In order to optimize the ~(18)O labeling method, two key aspects, peptide dispersion and trypsin deac tivation were discussed o The addition of Rapigest SF in H_2~('8)O and microwave heating enhanced labeling efficiency of α-casein digested peptides(~(18)O/~(16)O) ratio >99%).Chemical modification with tris(2-carboxyeth yl) phosphine (TCEP) and iodoacetamide (IAA) resulted in trypsin deactivated completely.No significant back-exchange from ~(18)O to ~(16)O was observed after labeling in 6 days.The experiment result with peptide mixture from showed that the improved method could be effectively used to label protein and peptide.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis value of the cytological examination of the cerebrospinal fluid of central nervous system leukemia.Methods Adopting cell smear centrifugal machine to collect the cerebrospinal fluid cells,the cells were stained and examinated under the microscope.Results Fifty-nine children with different type of leukemia had been examinated by 438 times by cerebrospinal fluid.The positive rates of the cases and samples were 15.3% and 8.7%,respectively.Conclusion The cytological examination of cerebrospinal fluid is especially valuable for the early diagnosis ,therapy and relapse of central nervous system leukemia of monitoring.

Objective To evaluate the status of iodine deficiency disorders(IDD) in Huai'an City in 2011 and to provide a scientific basis for adopting target prevention strategies timely and adjusting the intervention policy scientifically.Methods According to The National Project of Surveillance on IDD,probability sampling method (PPS) was used to select 30 counties in Huai'an City,and one primary school was selected randomly from each county,then 40 children aged 8 to 10 were randomly selected in each school.Children's thyroids were examined by palpation and the iodine in salt samples collected in their home was tested by direct titration.At the same time,urine samples from 12 children of the 40 selected children were collected and urinary iodine was tested by As(Ⅲ)-Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometry.Questionnaire survey of IDD was conducted among 30 students of grade 5 and 5 housewives around that school.Results A total of 1200 children aged 8 to 10 were examined,and the goiter rate was 1.3％(15/1200).All the goiters were level Ⅰ.The goiters of each age group was 0.8％(3/390),1.8％(7/390) and 1.3％(5/420),respectively.The 360 urine samples were collected from children aged 8-10,and the median of urinary iodine was 171.5 μg/L with the proportions of ＜ 20 μg/L,＜ 50 μg/L and ＜ 100 μg/L were 0(0/360),1.1％ (4/360) and 5.6％ (20/360),respectively.A total of 1200 salt samples were tested in children's family.The coverage rate of iodized salt was 99.4％ (1193/1200) and the qualified rate of iodized salt was 97.7％ (1165/1193).The consuming rate of qualified iodized salt was 97.1％(1165/1200),and non iodized salt rate was 0.6％(7/1200).The knowledge rates of IDD were 82.7％ (2234/2700) and 69.8％ (314/450) in 900 students and 150 housewives,respectively.Conclusions In Huai'an City,except the knowledge rate of IDD,the goiter rate and urinary iodine of children aged 8-10,iodized salt consumption maintain at the stage of the target level.In addition to strengthen the monitoring of iodized salt and to supply qualified iodized salt,it should also increase the focus on health education propaganda in the future.

AlM: To discuss the application effect of surgical simulator to improve the microsurgical skills in junior ophthalmologist. METHODS: Lecture teaching, training in surgical simulator and operation in animal eyes were received in all these ophthalmologists. Results of the ability of operation in cataract surgery after this training were analyzed. RESULTS: After taught theory, students completed cataract surgical procedures on simulator and the mean test score was 75. 91 ± 6. 53 points. After trained on simulator repeatedly, the mean test score was 85. 57±4. 64 points. There was statistically significant difference ( P<0. 01) . During the third stage of practicing on animal eyes, the score was 89. 77 ± 7. 61 points, there was statistically significant difference compared with former two stages (P<0. 05).CONCLUSlON: Comprehensive training can improve microsurgical skills of junior ophthalmologist, but the long effect need to be observed.

0.05). Conclusion When TOFR recovers to 0.55,antagonism of residual neuromuscular blockade is still necessary.Different doses of neostigmine may antagonize vecuronium-induced residual neuromuscular blockade,and lower dose of neostigmine(10-20 ?g/kg) is recommended.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of extracts from asparagus filicinus rhizome on prolifieration of human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells and its molecular mechanism .Methods MTT assay was used to detect the cytotoxic activity and growth inhibition of three different extracts from asparagus filicinus rhizome against Saos-2 cells ;plate colony formation assay was per-formed to detect active fraction of asparagus filicinus rhizome on the anchorage dependent growth of Saos-2 cells ;the cell cycle alter-ation was determined by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry analysis ;the alteration of protein expression level of COX-2 was determined by using Western blotting .Results Ethyl acetate fraction of asparagus filicinus rhizome (AF-A) exerted the potent cytotoxicity on Saos-2 cells(IC50 =26 .7 μg/mL);AF-A induced the inhibitory effect on the anchorage dependent growth of Saos-2 cells in a dose dependent manner(P<0 .05);Saos-2 cells treated by AF-A at the concentration of 30 .0 and 100 .0 μg/mL for 48 h induced the increase of percentages of S phage from (31 .8 ± 4 .8)% in the control group to (43 .7 ± 2 .5)% and(51 .9 ± 1 .9)% ,the difference showing statistical significance (P< 0 .05) .Western blotting showed that AF-A at different concentrations decreased COX-2 protein expression .Conclusion AF-A posseses the inhibitory effect on the proliferation and growth of human osteosarcoma cells in vitro ,and its mechanism might be associated with the induction of S phage arrest and the inhibition of COX-2 protein ex-pression level .