Objective To evaluate the effect of SvO2-guided early goal directed fluid therapy on hemodynamic and oxygen dynamics in septic shock pig model. Methods Twelve Bama miniature pigs (male, 21-24 kg) were equally randomized into 2 groups, group C and group G. Septic shock was induced by intravenous infusion endotoxin. Group C received hemodynamic support aiming central venous pressure at 8 to 12 mmHg, urinary output 0.5 mL/kg per hour, and mean arterial pressure greater than 65 mmHg. Group G maintained SvO2 greater than 0.65 in addition to the above indicators. The interventions lasted 6 h and at T0-T8 (0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420 and 480 min) recorded temperature, hemodynamic and oxygen dynamics indexes for each group, and recorded 6 hours for accumulated liquid volume, vascular active drug, and changes of urine. Results There were no significant differences in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) at each time point between group G and group C ( P>0.05). Values of CI and CVP were increased at T4-T8 in group G (P<0.05). Values of MPAP and PVRI were decreased at T8 in group G (P<0.05). Values of SvO2 were increased at T3-T8, O2ER were decreased at T3-T8 (P<0.05), DO2 were increased at T4-T8 (P<0.05), Lac were decreased at T5-T8, andΔp(CO2) was decreased at T8 in group G (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in values of VO2 at T1-T8 between two groups (P>0.05). The amount of intravenous infusion and urine volume were more and the amount of norepinephrine was less in animals of group G (P<0.05). The dosage of dobutamine was more in animals of group G, and which was not used in animals of group C. Conclusion SvO2 guided fluid therapy is more effective than conventional treatment to stabilize hemodynamics and oxygen kinetics, which is characterized by the increased cardiac output, increased oxygen supply, normal oxygen uptake rate and good tissue perfusion.

Objective To explore the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF)in rat hearts with experimental autoimmune myocarditis(EAM)and the possible mechanism of resveratrol's therapeutic effect.Methods Experimental myocarditis model was established by using porcine myocardial immunoglobulin. Twenty-four male 6-week-old Lewis rats were randomly divided into control group(Con),EAM model group(MC) and resveratrol treatment group(MC+ Res).All the rats were detected and compared in the cardiac function according to echocardiographic analysis,and the expression of MIF was detected by Western blot.The degree of myocardial injury was detected by HE staining and the degree of macrophage infiltration in the myocardium was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results In control group,there was no significant inflammatory infiltration or myocardial injury in the myocardium.Heavy local infiltration of macrophages,and dissolved and fractured myocardial fibers were observed in model group.Resveratrol significantly decreased macrophage density and myocardial injury in the heart(P＜ 0.05).Compared with those in control group,LVEDs were significantly increased(P＜0.01)while LVEF and LVFS were markedly decreased in model group(P＜0.01).Compared with model group,LVEDs were significantly decreased(P＜0.05)while LVEF and LVFS were markedly increased in resveratrol group(P＜0.05).The protein expression of MIF was markedly increased in rats of model group(P＜0.01),but was decreased in resveratrol group compared with model groups(P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Increased expression of MIF may be involved in the pathogenesis of EAM.The therapeutic effect of resveratrol on EAM may be associated with down-regulated MIF expression and decreased macrophage infiltration.

Intestine and liver have very closely relationship due to the gut-liver axis, intestinal disease can affect the liver function, and the liver disease may also induce intestinal disorders. The germ?free animals have no living bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites. The appearance of germ?free animals provides a powerful experimental tool for studying the in?teraction between the host and the intestinal microorganisms. At the same time, due to the characteristics of lacking normal intestinal flora, germ?free animals play a great role in promoting the study of gut?liver axis. In this paper, we will briefly re?view the application prospects of germ?free animals in the research of gut?liver axis.

ation were complicated, with the characteristics as the obvious decreasing number of patients, with no food-borne isolates in 2007.

This study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of recombinant human kallistatin (Kal) on ulcerative colitis (UC) in the mouse model. Acute colitis was induced by administration of 4% dextran sodium suffate (DSS) to KM mice for 7 days. The mice were then randomized into 5 groups:model control, Kal 0.2 mg·kg^-1·d^-1, 1.0 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 and 2.0 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 group, salazosulfapyridine (SASP) group. Ten age-matched normal KM mouse were administered with saline in the normal control. The weight, colon length, inflammation factor (MPO/SOD/MDA) and TNF-α/IL-10 levels among the five groups of mice were determined. The results showed that histological index score and MPO/MDA/TNF-α levels of high-dose Kal treatment group and SASP group were significantly lower compared with the model group (P<0.01), but the weight, colon length, IL-10 level and SOD activity were significant higher than the model group (P<0.01), approaching the normal group. These parameters showed that Kal can significantly relieve the UC state in a dose-dependent manner. This study demonstrates that Kal significantly remits UC in mice, and participates in the regulation of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α/IL-10 levels and has some antioxidant activity.

Objective: To compare the effects of three treatment options: emergency surgery, stent-surgery, and stent-neoadjuvant chemotherapy-surgery, on the pathological characteris- tics of surgically-resected specimens from patients with completely obstructive colorectal cancer. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study analyzing clinicopathological data of patients with complete obstructive colorectal cancer who were admitted to the General Surgery Department of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, between May 2012 and August 2020. The inclusion criteria were diagnosed with complete colorectal obstruction, pathologically confirmed as adenocarcinoma, resectable on imaging assessment, and without distant metastasis, combined with the patients' clinical manifestations and imaging examination findings. Patients with multiple colorectal cancers, refusal to undergo surgery, and concurrent peritonitis or intestinal perforation before stenting of the intestinal obstruction were excluded. Eighty-nine patients with completely obstructive colorectal cancer were enrolled in the study and were divided into emergency surgery group (n=30), stent-surgery group (n=34), and stent-neoadjuvant chemotherapy- surgery group (n=25) according to the treatment strategy. Differences in the pathological features (namely perineural infiltration, lymphovascular infiltration, tumor deposits, specimen intravascular necrosis, inflammatory infiltration, abscesses, mucus lake formation, foreign body giant cells, calcification, and tumor cell ratio) and biomolecular markers (namely cluster of differentiation (CD)34, Ki67, Bcl-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and hypoxia-inducible factor alpha) were recorded. Pathological evaluation was based on the presence or absence of qualitative evaluation of pathological features, such as peripheral nerve infiltration, vascular infiltration, and cancer nodules within the specimens. The evaluation criteria for the pathological features of the specimens were as follows: Semi-quantitative graded evaluation based on the proportion of tissue necrosis, inflammatory infiltrates, abscesses, mucus lake formation, foreign body giant cells, calcification, and tumor cells in the field of view within the specimen were classified as: grade 0: not seen within the specimen; grade 1: 0-25%; grade 2: 25%-50%; grade 3: 50%-75%; and grade 4: 75%-100%. The intensity of cellular immunity was classified as none (0 points), weak (1 point), moderate (2 points), and strong (3 points). The two evaluation scores were then multiplied to obtain a total score of 0-12. The immunohistochemical results were also evaluated comprehensively, and the results were defined as: negative (grade 0): 0 points; weakly positive (grade 1): 1-3 points; moderately positive (grade 2): 4-6 points; strongly positive (grade 3): 7-9 points; and very strong positive (grade 4): 10-12 points. Normally-distributed values were expressed as mean±standard deviation, and one-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the differences between the groups. Non-normally-distributed values were expressed as median (interquartile range: Q1, Q3). A nonparametric test (Kruskal-Wallis H test) was used for comparisons between groups. Results: The differences were not statistically significant when comparing the baseline data for age, gender, tumor site, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, tumor T-stage, N-stage, and degree of differentiation among the three groups (all P>0.05). The differences were not statistically significant when comparing the pathological characteristics of the resected tumor specimens, such as foreign body giant cells, inflammatory infiltration, and mucus lake formation among the three groups (all P>0.05). The rates of vascular infiltration were 56.6% (17/30), 41.2% (15/34), and 20.0% (5/25) in the emergency surgery, stent-surgery, and stent- neoadjuvant chemotherapy-surgery groups, respectively, with statistically significant differences between the groups (χ²=7.142, P=0.028). Additionally, the rate of vascular infiltration was significantly lower in the stent-neoadjuvant chemotherapy-surgery group than that in the emergency surgery group (P=0.038). Peripheral nerve infiltration rates were 55.3% (16/30), 41.2% (14/34), and 16.0% (4/25), in the emergency surgery, stent-surgery, and stent-neoadjuvant chemotherapy-surgery groups, respectively, with statistically significant differences (χ²=7.735, P=0.021). The infiltration peripheral nerve rates in the stent-neoadjuvant chemotherapy-surgery group were significantly lower than those in the emergency surgery group (P=0.032). The necrosis grade was 2 (1, 2), 2 (1, 3), and 2 (2, 3) in the emergency surgery, stent- surgery, and stent-neoadjuvant chemotherapy-surgery groups, respectively, with statistically significant differences (H=10.090, P=0.006). Post hoc comparison revealed that the necrosis grade was higher in the stent-surgery and stent-neoadjuvant chemotherapy-surgery groups compared with the emergency surgery group (both P<0.05). The abscess grade was 2 (1, 2), 3 (1, 3), and 2 (2, 3) in the emergency surgery, stent-surgery, and stent-neoadjuvant chemotherapy-surgery groups, respectively, with statistically significant differences (H=6.584, P=0.037). Post hoc comparison revealed that the abscess grade in the emergency surgery group was significantly lower than that in the stent-surgery group (P=0.037). The fibrosis grade was 2 (1, 3), 3 (2, 3), and 3 (2, 3), in the emergency surgery, stent-surgery, and stent-neoadjuvant chemotherapy-surgery groups, respectively, with statistically significant differences (H=11.078, P=0.004). Post hoc analysis revealed that the fibrosis degree was higher in both the stent-surgery group and the stent- neoadjuvant chemotherapy-surgery group compared with the emergency surgery group (both, P<0.05). The tumor cell ratio grades were 4 (3, 4), 4 (3, 4), and 3 (2, 4), in the emergency surgery, stent-surgery, and stent-neoadjuvant chemotherapy-surgery groups, respectively, with statistically significant differences (H=8.594, P=0.014). Post hoc analysis showed that the tumor cell ratio in the stent-neoadjuvant chemotherapy-surgery group was significantly lower than that in the emergency surgery group (P=0.012). The CD34 grades were 2 (2, 3), 3 (2, 4), and 3 (2, 3) in the emergency surgery, stent-surgery, and stent-neoadjuvant chemotherapy-surgery groups, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (H=9.786, P=0.007). Post hoc analysis showed that the CD34 grades in the emergency surgery, stent-surgery, and stent-neoadjuvant chemotherapy-surgery groups were 2 (2, 3), 3 (2, 4), and 3 (2,3), respectively. Post hoc analysis revealed that the CD34 concentration was higher in the stent-surgery group than that in the emergency surgery group (P=0.005). Conclusion: Stenting may increase the risk of distant metastases in obstructive colorectal cancer. The stent-neoadjuvant chemotherapy-surgery treatment model promotes tumor cell necrosis and fibrosis and reduces the proportion of tumor cells, vascular infiltration, and peripheral nerve infiltration, which may help decrease local tumor infiltration and distant metastasis in completely obstructive colorectal cancer after stent placement.
Humans ; Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods* ; Abscess ; Retrospective Studies ; Intestinal Obstruction/etiology* ; Stents ; Colorectal Neoplasms/therapy* ; Necrosis

Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a major component of the cellular microenvironment.ECM not only provides physical support for cells, hut also participates in various biological processes.In recent years, hundreds of cancer-related ECM (C-ECM) genes have been identified, and some of them can he used as biomarkers.However, rich information about C-ECM genes is scattered among thousands of publications, and there is no systematic summary of their role in tumorigenesis.Here, we present the CECMAtlas (http://biokb.ncpsb.org.cn/CECMAtlas/), a database which collects 225 C-ECM genes and the information of biological processes that they participate in through literature mining and manual curation.This database will contribute to the study of the mechanism of tumorigenesis and possible clinical application.