Objective Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides a treatment for patients with acute heart-lung failure. However, as an invasive procedure, it associated with high incidence of complications. It is important to a-vert and reduce the complications for improving the success rate in critically ill patients. We investigate the complications associated with ECMO after cardiac surgery and their management. Methods Clinical data from 117 postoperative patients[32 male, mean age (48.7 ± 16.5) years]supported with ECMO in the cardiovascular intensive care unit( ICU) from March 2005 to June 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. The cardiac operations they had undergone included coronary artery bypass grafting (n = 20), coronary artery bypass grafting and remodeling of left ventricle(n =9), coronary artery bypass grafting and valvular operation(n =5), repair of ventricular septal perforation following acute myocardial infarction(n =2), valvular operation( n = 46), heart/lung transplantation (n = 20/1), correction of congenital heart defects ( n = 10), and aortic operations ( n = 4). Venoarterial bypass was established in 110 patients by cannulation of the right atrium and femoral artery, and that of the right atrium and ascending aorta in 5 cases. Left atrial drainage to ECMO was added in 2 cases. Venovenous bypass was established in 2 patients with hypoxemia following cardiac surgery. Heparin was infused for maintaining the activated coagulation time (ACT) at 160 to 200 seconds for centrifugal pump(114 cases),and 200 to 250 seconds for roller pump(3 cases) to avoid thrombotic events until decannulation was achieved. Results The mean ECMO duration was 61 hours (range 3 to 225 hours). 48(41.0% ) patients died, 18 of them died of complications after weaning from circulatory assistant successfully. Complications occurred in 74 (63.2% ) patients included reoperation for hemostasis (n = 24), renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy (n =29), nosocomial infections ( n = 32) , ischemia in the extremities(n = 5), plasma leakage of oxygenators ( n = 29), gastroenteral hemorrhage ( n = 14), hemolysis ( n = 7 ), neurological complications ( n = 4) and centrifugal pump failure (n =1). Conclusion Bleeding is an early complication associated with ECMO support. The risk of nosocomial infection, renal failure and plasma leakage of oxygenators increases with the duration of ECMO support.

Objetctive To summarize the associated complications with circulatory support device,and provide reference for chnical practice.Method A total of 8306 consecutive patients who underwent open heart surgery,in Department of Post-operation Intensive Care Unit of the Cardiac Surgery,Anzhen Hospital,Capital Medical University,was retrospectively studied from January 2005 to February 2007.And the clinical data of 246 patients including 63 female and 183 male patients with mean age 56.7±14.2 years supported with various circulatory support devices for perioperative cardiorespiratory function failure in ICU were analyzed.Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) was used in 3 patients by the cannulation of the left alritan and ascending aorta.The extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) was established in 48 patients for postoperative cardiorespiratory function failure.The vencarterial bypass was established by cannulation of the right atrium in 41 patients and femoral artery and of venovenons in 2 patients,and of the right atrium and ascending aorta in 5 cases,lntra-aortic balloon pumping(I-ABP)was performed via the femoral artery either percutaneonsly by the Seldinger technique in 195 patients.The cardiac operations included coronary artery bypass grafting (n=170),coronary artery bypass grafting with romoldingof left ventricle (n = 22),coronary artery bypass grafting with valvular operation (n=10),valvular operation (n=27),heart transplantation(n=8),correction of congenital heart defects(n=6),aortic operations(n=2).The duration of circulatory support ranged from 4 to 451 hours.Correlative complications of 3 kinds of circulatory support device were compared and repair of ventricular septal perforation in the wake of acute myocardial infarction (n=1).Results Seventy-eight (31.7%) patients died.Seventy-one(28.9% ) patients devdoped various complications including infection(n=27),renal failure required renal rephcement therapy (n=27),re-exploration for bleeding(n=24),haemolysis(n=6),limb ischemia(n=15),neurological complications(n=6),oxygenator failure(n=7) Conchusions The improvement of management to reduce complications may result in improved outcomes of patients supported with circulatory support devices.

Objective To analyze the incidence and possible etiological factors of hyponatremia after acute cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI),and evaluate the effect of severity of CSCI,age,sex and injured segment on hyponatremia.Methods From June 2005 to March 2011,a series of patients with CSCI caused by cervical vertebras trauma were treated in our department.Except patients combined with craniocerebral injury or chronic diseases,other patients were divided into three groups:complete CSCI group,incomplete CSCI group and no neurological disorder group.Concentration of natrium in blood in all patients was analyzed respectively.Results All 102 patients (83 males,19 females) were selected with an average of 45.6years old.There were 23 patients with complete CSCI,60 with incomplete CSCI and 19 with no neurological disorder.Hyponatremia was found in 15 patients in complete CSCI group,23 patients in incomplete CSCI group and 1 patient in no neurological disorder group.The incidence of hyponatremia was significantly different between three groups,among which the complete CSCI group had the highest incidence.Multiple linear regression analysis showed hyponatremia was obviously correlated with the injury degree of spinal cord,but not correlated with the age,sex and injury segment of the patients.Conclusion Hyponatremia is a common complication in patients suffered from CSCI.Although the balance of natrium in blood is very complicated and influenced by many factors,autonomic nerve system and neuroendocrine system dysfunction,and hemodynamic changes after CSCI may play a key role in happening of electrolytical abnormality.

In recent years,the state has a substantial increase in investment in Medical Research.The number of hospital-borne scientific research,funding amounts and types of projects is also increasing..Our hospital scientific management based oriented clinical needs,Construction Institute hospital as a work positioning,the whole process of quality management as the implementation of safeguards.Through a series of positive measures,gradually formed which are consistent with the management of the hospital research and development,and scientific research achievements into clinical practice.The research management changed from passive management model to proactively manage; from the emergency management to the whole process of managing; from the targeted management to guide the management of clinical needs.These measures effectively improve the level of scientific research in hospitals.

Objective To investigate the effects of current major management strategies on early survival of patients with severe injury of cervical spinal cord. Methods A retrospective analysis was done on 532 patients with severe injury of cervical spinal cord (American Spinal Injury Association Grades A and B). The correlations of the early survival and major treatment measures, post-injury temporary immobilization of neck, operation, tracheotomy, systemic nutritional support, administration of glucocorticoid, were analyzed by Binary Logistic Regression. The problems related to the major treatment measures were also analyzed.Results 438 cases survived within 1 month. There was a positive correlation between the early survival and operation and nutritional support. There was a negative correlation between the early survival and tracheotomy.There was not any significant correlation between the early survival and the other 2 measures. The early sur-vival rate for patients of operation was 93.5%, for those without operation was 32. 7%, for those of goodnutrition was 97.8%, for those without good nutrition was 66. 7%, for those of tracheotomy was 58.1%, and for those without tracheotomy was 87.5%. Conclusions For patients with severe injury of cervical spinal cord, active operation and fine systemic nutritional support may increase early survival rate, undue tra-cheotomy may increase the risk of early death, and glucocorticoid may not have an effect on improvement of early survival rate.

Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice.Methods:Male C57BL/6J mice aged 8-12 weeks were divided into 4 groups with 8 mice in each group, according to the method of simple random sampling. Sepsis-induced ALI mice model was established by intraperitoneal injection of LPS 5 mg/kg (LPS group), and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) control group (PBS group) was injected with equal volume of PBS. The LPS+FICZ group was intervened by intraperitoneal injection of 1 μg FICZ 1 hour after LPS stimuli, while the FICZ control group (FICZ group) was given the same amount of FICZ 1 hour after intraperitoneal injection of PBS. Serum and lung tissue were collected 24 hours after LPS stimuli, and the pathological changes of lung tissue were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio of lung tissue. The concentrations of inflammatory factors in serum and lung tissue were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathway related molecules were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting.Results:Compared with PBS group, inflammatory cell infiltration, alveolar collapse and obvious alveolar exudative lesions had increased, lung tissue W/D ratio was significantly increased, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) level, lung tissue IL-6 mRNA expression, and the mRNA expressions of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), CCAAT/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and the protein expressions of GRP78, PERK, activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), CHOP in lung tissue were significantly increased in LPS group. However, the indexes of FICZ group were not affected. Compared with LPS group, LPS+FICZ group had less inflammatory cell infiltration, relatively intact alveolar structure. Lung W/D weight ratio in LPS+FICZ group was significantly decreased (5.38±0.10 vs. 6.60±0.30, P < 0.01), so as serum IL-6 (ng/L: 15.55±3.77 vs. 32.22±3.84) and lung IL-6 mRNA expression (2 -ΔΔCt: 0.79±0.21 vs. 6.89±0.92, both P < 0.01). The mRNA expressions of GRP78, PERK and CHOP were also significantly decreased [GRP78 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 1.90±0.16 vs. 7.55±1.29, PERK mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 1.68±0.20 vs. 4.54±0.89, CHOP mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 1.13±0.24 vs. 4.44±1.13, all P < 0.05], and the protein expressions of GRP78, PERK, ATF6 and CHOP were significantly decreased (GRP78/GAPDH: 0.59±0.02 vs. 0.77±0.01, PERK/GAPDH: 0.48±0.03 vs. 1.04±0.05, ATF6/GAPDH: 0.51±0.03 vs. 0.65±0.01, CHOP/GAPDH: 0.91±0.05 vs. 1.11±0.07, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:FICZ protects LPS-induced ALI possibly via suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress and reducing IL-6 expression in blood and lung tissue.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of tibial bone-skin flap grafts in the management of se- vere traumatic osteomyelitis complicated with bone and skin defect in leg to avoid amputation.Methods From March 1998 to Aug.2004,12 cases of the traumatic osteomyelitis complicated with bone and skin defect in leg were treated with vascularized tibial bone-skin flap graft.The longest flap was 17cm,widethest 10cm, The longest bone flap was 12cm.They were followed up for 0.6 to 5 years.Results All the tibial bone-skin flaps survived completely,2 cases of osteomyelitis recurred.The followed-up,from 0.5 to five years,showed good bone union in all cases,averageing 15 weeks.The infection was under control.The leg function and con- tour were satisfactory.Conclusion The tibial bone-skin flap has the advantages of having distinguished sign of anatomy,highly vascularized,easy to obtain,simply and flexible procedure,improving circulation,short- ens hospitalization and suitable for treatment of traumatic osteomyelitis complicated with bone and skin defect in leg.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect and possible impact mechanism of salidroside on cognitive ability of Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats induced by amyloid beta peptide (Abeta1-40).

METHODAbeta1-40 was injected into bilateral hippocampus to create the AD model. Afterwards, different doses of salidroside (25, 50, 75 mg x kg(-1)) were orally administered for 21 days. Rats' learning and memory abilities were detected by Morris water maze testing system. The levels of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the expression of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) protein in hippocampus were also detected by different methods.

RESULTThe place navigation test showed longer escape latency, low frequency of platform quadrant crossing per unit time, damage in learning capacity, significant decrease in SOD acivity in hippocampus, notable increase in MDA content, NF-kappaB, iNOS and RAGE protein expressions in rats. Salidroside (50, 75 mg x kg(-1)) significantly alleviated the impairments of learning and memory ability. The activity of SOD increased in salidroside (50 droside group compared with that of the Alzheimer's disease group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSalidroside may treat Alzheimer's disease by inhibiting the oxidative stress.

Alzheimer Disease ; drug therapy ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; toxicity ; Animals ; Cognition ; drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Maze Learning ; drug effects ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; physiology ; Phenols ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products ; Receptors, Immunologic ; analysis ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

Objective To assess the impact of the virus on the complementary determining region 3 (CDR3) length diversity of T cell receptor(TCR) Vβ repertoires of CD4+ T lymphocytes and to explore its association with viral load in individuals with HIV-1 infection. Methods The TCR repertoire was examined using spectratyping of CDR3 length diversity within CD4+ T cells in HIV infected and healthy adults. Separation of CD4+ T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs) was carried out by using immunomagnetic beads coated with anti-CD4 antibody. Total RNAs from the purified CD4 + T lymphocytes were isolated and used to perform nested-PCR amplifications in CDR3 of 22 TCR gene families. CDR3 diversity and its association with viral load in individuals with HIV-1 infection were analyzed. Results An average diversity for all CDR3 profiles in CD4+ T cells from 25 HIV-infected individuals was significantly different as compared to 10 age-matched healthy donors (P＜0.05) with the HIV-infected individuals losing diversity in the CDR3 profiles. There was positive correlation between changes in TCR CDR3 diversity and viral load (r = 0. 494, P ＜ 0. 05). The changes in CDR3 length diversity of Vβ families in HIV-infected individuals, particular in Vβ8, Vβ22, Vβ23 were statistically different from the healthy controls. Conclusion HIV-1 infection might induce the loss of TCR Vp repertoire diversity and disrupt the CDR3 Gaussian distributions within CD4 + T cells. There should be positive correlation between changes in TCR CDR3 diversity and the viral load in HIV-1 infected patients.

Objective To investigate the in vitro anti-proliferation effect of a histone deacetylase inhibitor,chidamide,on a cutaneous malignant melanoma cell line,A375.Methods Cultured A375 cells were treated with different concentrations of chidamide(5,10,50,100,500 μmol/L)and aichostatin A (TSA)(0.1,0.25,0.5,1.0 μmol/L),respectively,for various durations(24,48,72,96,120 hours).Subsequently,cell proliferation,apoptosis and cell cycle were detected by MTT assay,annexin Vfluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide double staining,and DNA ploid analysis,respectively.Results The proliferation of A375 cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by chidamide of 5-500μmol/L and TSA of 0.1-1 μmol/L,and in a time-dependent manner from 0 to 120 hours after the beginning of trealment with ehidamide of 5-500μmol/L and TSA of 0.25-1μmol/L.The 48-hour 50% growth inhibition concentration(IC50)of ehidamide and TSA on A375 cells was about 250 μmol/L and 0.7μmol/L,respectively.After 48-hour treatment,the apoptosis mte was 80.27%±3.06%,79.53%±5.70%,83.13%±6.90%in A375 cells treated with chidamide of 62.5,125,250 μmol/L,respectively,16.27%±2.46%,28.83%±2.55%,83.40%±8.65%in those treated with TSA of 0.175,0.35,0.7 μmol/L,respectively,10.43%±0.96%in ontreated cells;a statistical increase was noticed in chidamide-treated cells and TSA-treated cells vs.untreated cells(all P＜0.001).A positive correlation was observed between the apoptosis rate and concentrations of TSA(r=0.955,P=0.000).Cell cycle analysis indicated that treatment with chidamide induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase,with the cell proportion in G0/G1 phase being 76.30%±6.06%,82.79%±0.74%,88.91%±5.29%in A375 cells treated with chidamide of 62.5,125,250μmol/L,respectively,versus 38.73%±3.36%in untreated cells.While after 48-hour treatment with TSA of 0.35 and 0.7 μmol/L,the proportion of cells in G2/M phases was 25.15%±2.71%and 58.71%±3.45%,respectively,compared to 15.73%±0.23%in untreated cells(P＜0.01).Conclusion Chidamide and TSA could induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis,as well as inhibit the growth of A375 ceils in vitro.