Objective To investigate the prevalence ofMycoplasma pirum (Mpi) in male HIV infected patients,and to identify the 16S rRNA gene of Mpi.Methods The first void urine of male HIV/AIDS patients in Jiangsu province was collected for Mpi detection.Purified 16S rRNA gene PCR production was sequenced for analysis on its identification,homogeneity and phylogenetic tree.P1 protein sequence of Mpi was analyzed by Vector NTI Advance 11.0 to calculate the coded amino acid sequence.Homogeneity analysis was conducted between the theoretical amino acid sequence of Mpi and other Mycoplasmas.Results The prevalence of Mpi in male HIV/AIDS patients was 21.5％while the Mpi prevalence rates in different age groups were significantly different (x2Mpi=124.63,P＜0.01).The homogeneity of 18 strains of Mpi was higher than 90％.Conclusion The Mpi prevalence seemed much higher than the results from previous detection on HIV/AIDS patients,suggesting that more attention should be paid on AIDS treatment.More bioinformatic research on gene/nucleotide sequence analysis and forecast should be carried out to identify the molecular characteristics of Mpi.

Objective To investigate the effects of IL-21,IL-23 and IL-4 in the pathogenesis of Guillain-Barré syndrome(GBS) of children,and to analyze the influence of intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) on the serum levels of IL-21,IL-23 and IL-4 in GBS patients.Methods Forty-one pediatric patients with GBS hospitalized in our department from Jan.2005 to Sep.2012 were studied.According to the time of IVIG administration,patients were divided into group A and group B,given IVIG respectively within the 7th day and the 8th-12th day.According to Hughes score,patients were divided into mild group and severe group.The serum levels of IL-21,IL-23 and IL-4 were detected by means of ELISA before and after treatment.Results Before treatment,the serum levels of IL-21,IL-23 and IL-4 had no signifiant difference between group A and group B.After treatment,the serum levels of IL-21,IL-23 in group A and group B were significantly decreased than those before treatment (all P ＜ 0.05),with no significant difference in IL-4 levels.There was no signifiant difference in group A and group B in the serum levels of IL-21,IL-23 and IL-4 after treatment (all P ＞0.05).In the severe group,the serum levels of IL-21,IL-23 were significantly higher than those in the mild group before and after treatment (all P ＜ 0.05),with no significant difference in IL-4 levels.After treatment,the serum levels of IL-21,IL-23 were significantly decreased than those before treatment in the mild group and the severe group (all P ＜ 0.05),with no significant difference in IL-4 levels.Conclusions The serum levels of IL-21,IL-23 are significantly increased in GBS children,indicating they play an important role in the pathogenesis of GBS.Levels of IL-21 and IL-23 are significantly decreased after administration of IVIG,which showed that IVIG could inhibit the secretion of IL21 and IL-23,reduce cellular inflammatory response,and eventually prevent the development of GBS.IL-4 secretion is not obviously affected with IVIG,it might have a role in the recovery of GBS.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of Calodium hepaticum (C. hepaticum) in rodents and insectivores from Wuhan section of the Yangtze River in China, and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of hepatic Calodium infection. Methods: Rodents and insectivores were captured from three selected Yangtze River beaches using mousetraps. The three survey sites were divided into six areas according to natural conditions, with 60 mousetraps placed in each area. The liver lesions in the captured rodents were observed by the naked eye and the eggs in the liver tissue were observed by microscopic examination. Results: A total of 1 080 mousetraps were placed, and 1 075 mousetraps were retrieved, with the retrieve rate as 99.5%. A total of 101 Apodemus agrarius, 12 Rattus norvegicus, and 9 Crocidura attenuata were caught. The average density of rodents and insectivores was 10.5% and 0.8%, respectively. DNA of egg nodules from infected rodents showed 98% similarity with that of C. hepaticum 18S rRNA (LC425008.1). One Rattus norvegicus was infected with C. hepaticum, with an infection rate of 3.23% in the Erqi river beach; the other two beaches did not show the incidence of C. hepaticum. Conclusions: The monitoring of C. hepaticum in the Yangtze River beaches should be strengthened to reduce the risk of human C. hepaticum infection. Zhou Shui-Mao 1 Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan 430015 Jin Xian-Ling 2 Wuhan Xinzhou Schistosomiasis Control Institute, Wuhan 430015 Wang Hao 3 Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan 430015 Luo Hua-Tang 4 Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan 430015 Jia Xi-Shuai 5 Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan 430015 Wang ZQ, Lin XM, Wang Y, Cui J. The emerging but neglected hepatic capillariasis in China. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013; 3(2): 146-147. Shen LJ, Luo ZY, Li W, Li ZH, Gao C, Yang WB, et al. Investigation on rats infected with Capillaria hepatica in Da li. Chin J Parasit Dis Con 2003; 16(5): 296-298. Fischer K, Gankpala A, Gankpala L, Bolay FK, Curtis KC, Weil GJ, et al. Capillaria ova and diagnosis of Trichuris trichiura infection in humans by Kato-Katz smear, Liberia. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 24(8): 1551-1554. Fuehrer HP. An overview of the host spectrum and distribution of Calodium hepaticum (syn. Capillaria hepatica): Part 1-Muroidea. Parasitol Res 2014; 113(2): 619-640. Lin XM, Xu BL, ZHao XD, Li H, Huang Q, Deng Y, et al. Epidemiological investigation on Capillaria hepatica infection among little animal in Henan Province. J Pathogen Bio 2007; 2(1): 44-46. Ling HB, Pan CW, Yi WP, Huang HC, Liu QZ, Zheng XY, et al. Epidemiological and biological studies of Capillaria hepatica of rodents in Wenzhou district. J Wenzhou Med Col 2000; 30(1): 13-15. Fuehrer HP, Igel P, Auer H. Capillaria hepatica in man-an overview of hepatic capillariosis and spurious infections. Parasitol Res 2011; 109(4): 969-979. Simoes RO, Luque JL, Faro MJ, Motta E, Maldonado JR. Prevalence of Calodium hepaticum (syn. Capillaria hepatica) in Rattus norvegicus in the urban area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2014; 56(5): 455-457. Wang ZQ, Cui J, Wang Y. Persistent febrile hepatomegaly with eosinophilia due to hepatic capillariasis in Central China. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2011; 105(6): 469-472. Klenzak J, Mattia A, Valenti A, Goldberg J. Hepatic capillariasis in Maine presenting as a hepatic mass. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2005; 72(5): 651-653.

The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical value of the platelet antibody screening and typing in platelets transfusion by using microcolumn gel immunoassay (MGIA). The platelets antigen-antibody reactions including the antibody screen and blood crossmatch were detected by MGIA. The results indicated that the detection of platelet antibody showed positive in 30 cases of aplastic anemia (AA), 11 cases of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), 24 out of 25 cases of leukemia and 1 out of cases of other diseases, while detection of platelet antibody showed negative in 20 normal volunteer donors. The number of platelet antibody crossmatch coincidence in 112 specimens of AA, 42 specimens of MDS and 95 specimens of leukemia were 45, 20 and 40, the coincidence rates were 40.18%, 47.62% and 42.11%. The mean corrected count increment (CCI) in 20 patients received platelet transfusion many times was 18.2 after crossmatch and 4.7 before crossmatch. It is concluded that the positive rate of platelet antibody screening is very high in patients with hematologic malignancies, the coincidence rate of platelet antibody crossmatch in 249 blood samples is between 40% and 48%, and the efficiency of using crossmatched platelets in clinic is enhanced significantly.
Anemia, Aplastic ; immunology ; Antigens, Human Platelet ; immunology ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ; Blood Platelets ; immunology ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; methods ; Isoantibodies ; blood ; immunology ; Platelet Transfusion ; methods

Objective: This cross-sectional investigation aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, prognosis, and related risk factors of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain in mainland China. Methods: Data of patients with SARS-CoV-2 from December 28, 2022, to February 21, 2023, were collected through online and offline questionnaires from 45 tertiary hospitals and one center for disease control and prevention in mainland China. The questionnaire included demographic information, previous health history, smoking and alcohol drinking, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, olfactory and gustatory function before and after infection, other symptoms after infection, as well as the duration and improvement of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The self-reported olfactory and gustatory functions of patients were evaluated using the Olfactory VAS scale and Gustatory VAS scale. Results: A total of 35 566 valid questionnaires were obtained, revealing a high incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain (67.75%). Females(χ2=367.013, P<0.001) and young people(χ2=120.210, P<0.001) were more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Gender(OR=1.564, 95%CI: 1.487-1.645), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), oral health status (OR=0.881, 95%CI: 0.839-0.926), smoking history (OR=1.152, 95%CI=1.080-1.229), and drinking history (OR=0.854, 95%CI: 0.785-0.928) were correlated with the occurrence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2(above P<0.001). 44.62% (4 391/9 840) of the patients who had not recovered their sense of smell and taste also suffered from nasal congestion, runny nose, and 32.62% (3 210/9 840) suffered from dry mouth and sore throat. The improvement of olfactory and taste functions was correlated with the persistence of accompanying symptoms(χ2=10.873, P=0.001). The average score of olfactory and taste VAS scale was 8.41 and 8.51 respectively before SARS-CoV-2 infection, but decreased to3.69 and 4.29 respectively after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and recovered to 5.83and 6.55 respectively at the time of the survey. The median duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions was 15 days and 12 days, respectively, with 0.5% (121/24 096) of patients experiencing these dysfunctions for more than 28 days. The overall self-reported improvement rate of smell and taste dysfunctions was 59.16% (14 256/24 096). Gender(OR=0.893, 95%CI: 0.839-0.951), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), history of head and facial trauma(OR=1.180, 95%CI: 1.036-1.344, P=0.013), nose (OR=1.104, 95%CI: 1.042-1.171, P=0.001) and oral (OR=1.162, 95%CI: 1.096-1.233) health status, smoking history(OR=0.765, 95%CI: 0.709-0.825), and the persistence of accompanying symptoms (OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.332-0.388) were correlated with the recovery of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2 (above P<0.001 except for the indicated values). Conclusion: The incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain is high in mainland China, with females and young people more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Active and effective intervention measures may be required for cases that persist for a long time. The recovery of olfactory and taste functions is influenced by several factors, including gender, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, history of head and facial trauma, nasal and oral health status, smoking history, and persistence of accompanying symptoms.
Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smell ; COVID-19/complications* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Incidence ; Olfaction Disorders/etiology* ; Taste Disorders/etiology* ; Prognosis