Objective:To determine divalent mercury,methylmercury and ethylmercury in Huoxue Zhitong capsules,and to provide data support for the risk assessment and management of traditional medicines products.Methods:High performance liquid chromatography-hydrogenation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry(HPLC-HG-AFS)was used to determine the content of three forms of mercury(divalent mercury,Hg2+;methyl mercury,CH3 Hg;ethyl mercury,C2H5Hg)in different batches of Huoxue Zhitong capsules.Chromatographic conditions were C18 column(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μ·m)and acetonitrile-0.06 mol·L-1 ammonium acetate solution(containing 0.01 mol·L-1 L-cysteine)(5∶95)as a mobile phase.Hydride generation parameters were oxidant agent of 1％potassium persulfate-0.35％potassium hydroxide mixed solution,reducing agent of 2.0％potassium borohydride-0.35％potassium hydroxide mixed solution,carrier solution of 7％hydrochloric acid,negative high pressure of 285 V,and atomizer height of 10 mm.Results:The linear range of mercury species was 1.00-10.0 μg·L-1 with r＞0.999.The detection limit values were 0.088-0.131 ng·L-1,and the average recoveries ranged from 91.98％to 93.10％with RSD of＜5.73％(n=3).Three mercury forms in different batches of Huoxue Zhitong capsules by HPLC-HG-AFS were below the detection limits.Conclusion:The validated method can be used for the determination of mercury speciation in Huoxue Zhitong capsules and other Chinese patent medicines,which pro-vides a reference for the safety assessment of Chinese patent medicines.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of Chinese kidney-tonifying drugs on bone mineral density, biomechanics, 25-hydroxy Vitamin D3 and 1,25-dihydroxy Vitamin D3 of ovariectomized osteoporosis rats, and explore the mechanism of treating osteoporosis with the drugs.

METHODSThirty-six female SD rats (four months) were randomly divided into model group, sham group and treatment group. All the rats had been ovariectomied except those in sham group. Selecting 4, 8, 12 weeks in the experiment, the value of bone mineral density (BMD) was measure by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) of femoral head, while the biomechanics machine was applied to analysis femoral head biomechanics index and ELISA method was used to detect the content of 25-hydroxy Vitamin D3 and 1,25-dihydroxy Vitamin D3 discern in blood-serum, liver and kidney.

RESULTSTreatment group rats' BMD of femoral head was enhance compared with model group, significant differences were absent (P<0.05), and the maximal load and maximal stress measurement were improved, significant differences were absent (P<0.05). As the content of 25-hydroxy Vitamin D3 and 1,25-dihydroxy Vitamin D3 discern in blood-serum, liver and kidney were elevate, furthmore there were significant differences in group comparison, all significant differences were absent (P<0.05). But those compared with sham group, there was no significant difference (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONIn the early period in absence of estrogenic hormone, the Chinese kidney-tonifying drugs could activate bone metabolism to raise BMD and reinforce quality of bone through up-regulating expression of 25-hydroxy Vitamin D3 and 1,25-dihydroxy Vitamin D3 at protein level.

Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; drug effects ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Cholecalciferol ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Femur Head ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Osteoporosis ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Ovariectomy ; adverse effects ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Renal Agents ; pharmacology

Background/Aims: To evaluate temporal trends of atrial fibrillation (AF) prevalence in critically ill patients who received prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV) in the United States. Methods: We used the 2008 to 2014 National Inpatient Sample to compute the weighted prevalence of AF among hospitalized adult patients on prolonged MV. We used multivariable-adjusted models to evaluate the association of AF with clinical factors, in-hospital mortality, hospitalization cost, and length of stay (LOS). Results: We identified 2,578,165 patients who received prolonged MV (21.27% of AF patients). The prevalence of AF increased from 14.63% in 2008 to 24.43% in 2014 (p for trend < 0.0001). Amongst different phenotypes of critically ill patients, the prevalence of AF increased in patients with severe sepsis, asthma exacerbation, congestive heart failure exacerbation, acute stroke, and cardiac arrest. Older age, male sex, white race, medicare access, higher income, urban teaching hospital setting, and Western region were associated with a higher prevalence of AF. AF in critical illness was a risk factor for in-hospital death (odds ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 1.15), but in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with AF decreased from 11.6% to 8.3%. AF was linked to prolonged LOS (2%, p < 0.0001) and high hospitalization cost (4%, p < 0.0001). LOS (–1%, p < 0.0001) and hospitalization cost (–4%, p < 0.0001) decreased yearly. Conclusions The prevalence of comorbid AF is increasing, particularly in older patients. AF may lead to poorer prognosis, and high-quality intensive care is imperative for this population.

OBJECTIVETo report the outcome of long bone nonunion of humerus, femur and tibia treated with locking internal fixation and bone graft.

METHODSFrom February 2003 to October 2006, locking internal fixation and bone grafting were employed to treat 5 cases at humerus, 33 cases at femur, 23 cases at tibia. Forty-four of the patients were men, and 17 were women. The mean age was 38 years (range 7-70 years). The nonunion had resulted from failure of internal fixation in 47 cases, failure of external fixation in 5 cases, infection in 9 cases. The history of nonunion lasted from 10 to 156 months (mean 19 months). There were 42 patients treated with locking compression plate (LCP), and 19 patients with less invasive stabilization system (LISS). For bone grafting, autogenous ilium was used in 55 patients, autogenous ilium and allograft bone was used in 3 patients, allograft bone and Wright DBM artificial bone was used in 3 patients.

RESULTSAll the 61 patients were followed up for an average 12 months (range 6-24 months) only to reveal solid bone union in all the fracture, with a mean healing time of 4.8 months (ranged from 4 to 6 months). No loosening or breakage of the implants occurred in this series. The Knee Society Scores (KSS) was used to evaluate knee function in 47 patients with peri-knee joint nonunion, excellent result were seen in 35 patients, good in 7 patients, fare in 1 patients, poor in 4 patients.

CONCLUSIONLocking internal fixation can be used to treat effectively bone nonunion at the humerus, femur and tibia.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Plates ; Child ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Ununited ; surgery ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of advanced glycosylation end products (AGE) on the proliferation of K562 and K562/A02 cells, the effect of tetrandrine (Tet) on proliferation of K562 and K562/A02 cells induced by AGE, and their mechanisms. The effects of AGE on proliferation of K562 and K562/A02 cells and Tet on the proliferation of AGE-induced K562 and K562/A02 cells were assayed by CCK8 kit, the apoptosis rate and the expression of receptor of advanced glycosylation end products (RAGE) in K562 and K562/A02 cells were determined by flow cytometry, the expression of RAGE mRNA was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that AGE could promote the proliferation of K562 and K562/A02 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, the cell proliferation was enhanced with time increasing in 0 - 48 h, and was higher than control group after 72 h. AGE up-regulated the RAGE mRNA and protein expressions of K562 and K562/A02 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of Tet combined with AGE for 48 h could inhibit the proliferation of K562 and K562/A02 cells promoted by AGE in a concentration-dependent manner, which probably by inducing cell apoptosis, however, there was no obvious effect in the up-regulating expression of RAGE mRNA and protein induced by AGE. It is concluded that AGE can promote the proliferation of K562 and K562/A02 cells, which is probably induced by up-regulating the expression of RAGE mRNA and protein. Tet can inhibit the proliferation of K562 and K562/A02 cells induced by AGE, and the mechanism may be not closely associated with changes of the up-regulating expression of RAGE mRNA and protein induced by AGE.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Benzylisoquinolines ; pharmacology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic ; Glycation End Products, Advanced ; pharmacology ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the molecular epidemiological characteristics of Salmonella in animal source foods in Hunan.

METHODSThe fair trade markets and supermarkets of ten cities were chosen to sample animal source foods for isolating Salmonella in Hunan province in 2010. A total of 692 samples were collected by aseptic sampling, included 159 livestock meats, 152 poultry meats, and 381 aquatic products.Salmonella strains isolated were subjected to stereotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).

RESULTSSalmonella was detected in 93 of 692 animal food samples with the detection rate of 13.4%. The detection rates of Salmonella in poultry meats, livestock meats and aquatic products were 23.0% (35/152), 22.6% (36/159) and 5.8% (22/381) respectively. Therefore, the detection rate in aquatic products was lower than that of poultry meats and livestock meats (χ(2) = 33.86, P < 0.05; χ(2) = 33.29, P < 0.05, respectively). The serotypes of isolates showed diversity, and Salmonella Derby (33/94, 35.1%) was the predominant serotypes.79.8% (75/94) strains showed resistant to more than one antibiotic used in the test, 31.9% (30/94) strains showed resistant to more than 5 antibiotics. A significant difference was observed for multidrug resistance between Salmonella isolated from poultry (47.2%, 17/36) and livestock meats (22.2%, 8/36) (χ(2) = 4.96, P < 0.05). And the highest resistant rate was found in tetracycline, as high as 62.8% (59/94). All the strains were divided into 69 PFGE subtypes.Furthermore the dominating subtypes were type 7 (6 strains), type 15 (4 strains), type 22 (6 strains).

CONCLUSIONInspection results showed that Salmonella contamination in animal source foods were serious in Hunan province, and the isolates expressed high level resistance to the antibiotics.Furthermore the PFGE results indicated that there were epidemic strains of Salmonella in Hunan.

Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; China ; epidemiology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Food Microbiology ; Meat ; microbiology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Poultry ; microbiology ; Salmonella ; classification ; Salmonella enterica ; Seafood ; microbiology ; Tetracycline Resistance

Objective:To investigate the correlation between the expression of GLI1 and im-mune invasion and clinical prognosis in gastric cancer.To study the effect of GLI1 expression on drug resistance in gastric cancer.Methods:The expression difference of GLI1 in gastric cancer and normal tissues was analyzed by using TCGA database,and the effect of clinical features and GLI1 gene ex-pression level on prognosis of patients with gastric cancer was analyzed.The correlation between GLI1 gene expression and tumor immune cell infiltration in gastric cancer tissues was analyzed to explore its influence on drug resistance of chemotherapy drugs and targeted drugs.Clinical samples were collect-ed to analyze the difference of GLI1 expression in gastric cancer and paracancer tissues.Results:The expression of GLI1 in gastric cancer tissues was 1.7 times that in normal tissues,and the overall sur-vival and disease-free survival of patients with high expression are shorter than those with low ex-pression(P＜0.05).The interstitial score,immune score and abundance of immunoinfiltrating cells were higher in the high expression of GLI1 in gastric cancer tissues.High expression of GLI1 reduces drug sensitivity and is positively correlated with the expression of immune checkpoint markers PDCD1(P＜0.05).GLI1 expression was significantly increased in patients with subdifferentiated gastric cancer.Conclusions:GLI1 expression is associated with the prognosis and immune infiltration of patients with gastric cancer,and it may lead to poor prognosis of patients by regulating chemotherapy resis-tance,which may be a potential therapeutic target and molecular marker for gastric cancer.

Trichinosis is a global food-borne zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Trichinella spiralis(T.spiralis),which causes serious harm to animal production,and the public health safety of humans and animals.T.spiralis has a complex devel-opment history,and its entire life cycle is completed in the same host.To coexist with the host,it has evolved various immune escape mechanisms for avoiding immune clearance by the host,thus establishing long-term chronic infection.In this study,to aid in understanding the pathogenic mechanism of T.spiralis,the immune escape mechanism of Trichinella is discussed from three aspects:the molecular role of antigens in various stages,the immune regulatory effect on the host,and the formation of cysts to generate immune isolation.

Objective To report a case of synovial sarcoma of the liver and review the literature for improving the understanding of the disease.Methods The clinical data of a patient with liver synovial sarcoma admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University were analyzed retrospectively.The imaging,pathological features,treatment and prognosis of this disease were summarized by searching the database(CNKI,Wanfang Data,PubMed,untill July 2022)and the literature results analyzed comprehensively.Results The patient was a 71-year-old female who was admitted to the hospital due to abdominal pain.Computed tomography(CT)scan showed a mass with mixed density in the right lobe and caudate lobe of the liver.The large cross section size was about 115 mm×87 mm and the mass showed continuous heterogeneous enhancement,being considered as malignant hepatic tumors with multiple metastasis of the liver and lung.Ultrasound-guided needle biopsy was performed,and microscopy showed the tumor cells were obvious atypical,and some were spindle-shaped.Immunohistochemistry showed that the patient was positive for vimentin(VIM),epithelial membrane antigen(EMA),methylation of histone at lysine 27(H3K27Me3),and negative for pan cytokeratin(CK-pan)and S-100,and pathological diagnosis of synovial sarcoma was made.The patient did not undergo subsequent treatment and was lost to follow-up after discharge.A total of 12 cases of hepatic synovial sarcoma were reported after searching the database.The clinical manifestations were abdominal pain or distention.The lesions were mostly located in the right lobe of the liver,usually large,heterogeneous density,and heterogeneous enhancement on enhanced CT or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Spindle-shaped cells were found at histopathologic examination.Immunohistochemistry showed the patient was positive for VIM,EMA,H3K27Me,B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2(BCL-2)and transducer-like enhancer of split 1(TLE1).SS18-SSX fusion gene or SS18 gene isolation were detected.Eleven patients received surgical treatment,5 received adjuvant chemotherapy,and 4 had recurrence or metastasis during the follow-up period.Conclusions Synovial sarcoma of the liver is a rare malignant tumor of the liver.The clinical and imaging features are not specific.The diagnosis depends on pathology.At present,the main treatment is surgery,and comprehensive treatment such as adjuvant chemotherapy can be performed.The prognosis of the patient is poor.

This study was purposed to investigate the reversal effect of gambogic acid (GA) on multidrug resistance of K562/A02 cells and its mechanism. The IC(50) (half maximal inhibitory concentration) of adriamycin (ADM) was evaluated by MTT. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Morphological changes of K562/A02 cells were observed by fluorescent microscopy with DAPI staining. The expressions of Survivin and P-gp were determined by Western blot. The results showed that the IC(50) of ADM on K562 and K562/A02 cell proliferation were (1.42 ± 0.07) µg/ml and (28.42 ± 1.40) µg/ml respectively. GA ≤ 0.0625 µmol/L had no inhibitory effect on proliferation of K562 and K562/A02. 0.0625 µmol/L GA could enhance the sensitivity of K562/A02 cells to ADM (P < 0.05) and the reversal multiples was 1.53. The apoptotic rate was raised after treating with ADM combined with 0.0625 µmol/L GA for 48 h (P < 0.05). Morphological differences were typical and obvious between cells of control and treated groups under fluorescence microscopy using DAPI staining. After treating K562/A02 cells with ADM combined with 0.0625 µmol/L GA for 48 h, the expressions of Survivin and P-gp were down-regulated at protein levels. It is concluded that GA can enhance the sensitivity of K562/A02 cells to ADM, which may be related to increasing cell apoptosis and down-regulating expressions of Survivin and P-gp.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; metabolism ; K562 Cells ; Substance P ; metabolism ; Xanthones ; pharmacology