Objective To explore the relationship between the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and exposure to rural environments and pesticide.Methods Studies relevant to rural residence,farmer occupation,pesticide exposure and ALS were identified from the databases including Embase,Ovid Medline,Pubmed,Cochrane Library,Wanfang data,Chinese BioMedical Literature Database,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure,China Science and Technology Journal Database up to March 2015.Quality of studies was assessed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).Analysis of data and publication bias was performed with software Revman 5.3.Results A total of 24 case-control studies and 3 cohort studies were included into the analysis.The NOS scores of all studies were ≥6.The risk of ALS was associated with pesticide exposure (OR =1.41,95％ CI 1.28-1.56) and farmer occupation (OR =1.42,95％ CI 1.29-1.57),but not associated with rural residence (OR =1.21,95％ CI 0.97-1.51).Subgroup analysis of pesticide exposure and ALS revealed that males (OR =1.75,95％ CI 1.39-2.21) had a higher risk than females (OR =1.53,95％ CI 1.13-2.08),and the risk estimate was higher in studies using E1 Escorial standard (OR =1.68,95％ CI 1.45-1.95) than studies not (OR =1.23,95％ CI 1.08-1.40).The meta analysis had a slight publication bias.Conclusions Our findings support pesticide exposure might increase the risk of ALS.Given that farmers always have high levels of pesticide exposure in their work,they should decrease their exposure level or take proper precautions to lower the risk of ALS.

BACKGROUND:Previous tudies have shown that the anti-aging effects of stem cel s with lycopene are more significant, and can also significantly improve the aging body immune function.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the anti-aging effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cel s combined with lycopene on the aging beagles.
METHODS:Sixteen aging beagles (6-7 years old) were randomly divided into two groups:aging control group and aging treatment group;young beagles (3-4 years old) were chosen as young control group. In the aging treatment group, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cel s combined with lycopene was given;while in the other two group, an equal amount of DMEM/F12 cel culture medium and sunflower oil was given. Each dog's general conditions were observed regularly during the whole progress. The changes of superoxide dismutase,
malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase in the serum were detected at regular time of the whole process, and the structure changes of each organ were observed at 24 weeks of treatment.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Before treatment, the levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the aging control and treatment groups were lower than those in the young control group (P<0.05), while the malondialdehyde content was higher than that in the young control group (P<0.05). However, there was no significant statistical difference between aging control and treatment groups (P>0.05). (2) For the aging treatment group at 24 weeks of treatment:the beagle fur became clearer and smoother, motility was strengthened, appetite became better;and the activity of superoxide dismutase in serum at 8 to 24 weeks of treatment increased significantly compared with before treatment (P<0.05), the activity of glutathione peroxidase significantly increased from 6 weeks (compared with treatment before, P<0.05), the malondialdehyde content decreased significantly from 4 weeks of treatment to the completion of the experiment (compared with before treatment, P<0.05). (3) After the experiment, the microscopic observation showed that compared with the aging control group, the tissues and organ structures of the aging treatment group were al clear, had no inflammatory infiltrates, no obvious necrosis and fibrosis lesions. These results were mainly consistent with the observations of young control group. The above results show that umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cel s combined with lycopene therapy on the natural aging beagles may enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes, reduce malondialdehyde content, and their combination also can repair tissue structures and promote the functions, which has obvious anti-aging effects.

Objective To explore the relationship between some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)loci of interferon regulatory factor 6(IRF6)gene,transforming growth faetor-?(TGFA)gene and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate(NSCL/P)in nuclear families consisting of fathers, mothers and affected offspring with NSCL/P from southeast China.Methods Some SNloci of IRF6 and TGFA were detected by applying microarray technology in nuclear families,and then haplotype relative risk (HRR)and transmission disequilibrium test(TDT)were performed.Results There were no significant difference in genotypes and alleles distribution between patients and their parents.The SNP locus——V274I of IRF6 was associated with NSCL/P(HRR:?~2=4.5816,P

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of dl-3-butylphthalide on the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Methods A total of 197 patients who were in the period of 72 hours of first attack of ischemic stroke of internal carotid artery with NIHSS from 5 to 25 scores were enrolled in this multi-center, randomized, double-blind and aspirin-control study. Compound " Dan Shen" was used as a baseline therapy. Results Basical recovery plus significant improvement was seen in 74.7% of the patients in dl-3-butylphthalide group and 60.9% in aspirin group (CMH value 4.0,P=0.047);There was a significant improvement for dl-3-butylphthalide group regarding NIHSS total score, total score difference value and Barthel index on the day 11th and 21st after treatment compared with control group. The main adverse reaction of dl-3-butylphthalide was increased aminotransferase and mainly the slight increase of aspartate aminotransferase, by 4.34% and 0 respectively. Conclusion dl-3-butyiphthalide should be regarded as an effective and safe treatment for ischemic stroke and a treatment without severe side effects.

Objective To study the effect of nobiletin on the invasion and migration capabilities of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells.Methods One blank group and 5 concentrations of (nobiletin 12.5,25,50,100,200 μmol · L-1) experimental groups were set up.The 3 -(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide was used to observe the effects of different concentrations of nobiletin on proliferation of human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231.Transwell chamber and wound healing assay were used to detect the effects of nobiletin on the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231.The cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2),matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2),matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9),and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathway related protein expressions were analyzed with Western blot.Results The proliferation of human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was inhibited by nobiletin in a dose-and time-dependent manner.The OD570 nm of two different concentrations (30,50 mol · L-1) were 0.32 ± 0.02 and 0.27 ± 0.01,compared with the blank group 0.62 ± 0.07,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ O.05).After working 24 h with nobiletin,migration distances of three different concentrations (10,30,50 mol · L-1) were (75.52 ± 0.69) μm,(111.73 ± 23.12) μm,(115.71 ± 28.09) μm,it obviously increased compared with the blank group (47.03 ± 8.29) μm,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of MMP-2 in three different concentrations of nobiletin were (14.17 ± 5.26) × 103,(9.33 ± 1.76) × 103,(9.28 ± 1.76) × 103 respectively,compared with the blank group (22.51 ±0.90) × 103,the differences in the last two groups were statistically significant (both P ＜0.001).Similarly,expression of MMP-9 were (16.82 ±2.38) ×103,(9.91 ±2.08) ×103,(8.86 ±3.26) × 103 respectively,compared with the blank group (21.94 ± 1.50) × 103,the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.01).The expression of JNK in three concentrations of nobiletin were (11.78 ± 3.59) × 103,(8.65 ± 1.89) × 103,(6.21 ± 0.60) × 103 respectively,compared with the blank group (13.26 ±2.69) × 103,the difference of high concentration was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Similarly,the expression of p38MAPK were (11.05 ± 0.42) × 103,(10.08 ± 0.83) × 103,(6.94 ± 0.14) × 103 respectively,compared with the blank group (12.38 ± 0.14) × 103,the differences of three concentrations were statistically significant (P ＜0.01,P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion Nobiletin has a certain role in inhibiting the invasion and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro,and its mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of MAPK signaling pathway and inhibiting the expression of MMP-2,MMP-9 and so on.

Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes may alter DNA repair capacity and, consequently, lead to genetic instability and carcinogenesis. Several studies have investigated the association of the Asp312Asn and Lys751Gln polymorphisms in the xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group D (XPD) gene with the risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), but the conclusions have been inconsistent. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to more precisely estimate these relationships. A systematic literature search was performed using the PubMed, Embase, and Chinese Biomedical (CBM) databases. Ultimately, 6 studies of Asp312Asn, comprising 3,095 cases and 3,306 controls, and 7 studies of Lys751Gln, consisting of 3,249 cases and 3,676 controls, were included. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95%confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the strength of each association. Overal , no association was observed between the Asp312Asn polymorphism and NHL risk (homozygous:OR=1.11, 95%CI=0.94-1.32;heterozygous:OR=1.00, 95%CI=0.89-1.11;recessive:OR=1.12, 95%CI=0.95-1.31;dominant:OR=1.02, 95%CI=0.92-1.13;and al ele comparison:OR=1.04, 95%CI=0.96-1.12) or between the Lys751Gln polymorphism and NHL risk (homozygous:OR=0.97, 95%CI=0.83-1.15;heterozygous:OR=0.96, 95%CI=0.86-1.06;recessive:OR=1.00, 95%CI=0.86-1.16;dominant:OR=0.96, 95%CI=0.87-1.06;and al ele comparison:OR=0.98, 95%CI=0.91-1.05). Furthermore, subgroup analyses did not reveal any association between these polymorphisms and ethnicity, the source of the controls, or the NHL subtype. These results indicated that neither the Asp312Asn nor Lys751Gln XPD polymorphism was related to NHL risk. Large and well-designed prospective studies are required to confirm this finding.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the short-term results of humeral head replacement for the treatment of four-part proximal humeral fractures or fracture-dislocations.

METHODSTwenty-five patients (11 male and 14 female)with four-part proximal humeral fractures or fracture-dislocations underwent humeral head replacement. The average age was 68.2 years (ranging from 56 to 77 years). All cases were followed up and evaluated the clinical results including pain, function and range of motion of shoulder with Neer scoring system.

RESULTSThe follow-up ranged from 12 to 40 months with an average time of 29.3 months. No prosthesis loosening, prosthesis dislocation, postoperative infection, nerve injury or periprosthesis fractures occurred. The results were excellent in 8 cases, good in 11 cases and fair in 6 cases. The excellent and good rate was 76% according to Neer scoring system.

CONCLUSIONReplacement of humeral head prosthesis could attain good short-term results for four-part proximal humeral fractures or fracture-dislocations. The key to improve the postoperative results is meticulous surgical techniques and appropriate correct consecutive physical therapy.

Aged ; Arthroplasty, Replacement ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Prosthesis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Shoulder Dislocation ; surgery ; Shoulder Fractures ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To describe the prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) occurred in Henan province,at the end of 2011.Methods Five villages round Maqiao township,including 5187 residents,were selected for the study.Five-milliliter-blood was drawn from every one of the interviewee.Clinical data including age,gender and anti-HCV antibody was recorded.Patients with positive antibodies against HCV were tested for HCV RNA.Results A total number of 5187 people from five villages were studied,with age span from 1 to 97.The average age was 48 years and the sex ratio was 1 ∶ 1.34.The anti-HCV result showed that the prevalence was 2.27％,with 1-9 age group the lowest ( 1.55％ ) and the ≥50 year-olds the highest (4.93％).Different villages seemed to have significant differences on the prevalence of HCV,with the highest as 8.68％ and the lowest as 0.55％.Under risk factors analysis and distance-infection rates linear regression analysis,data showed that the prevalence might have correlated to the behavior of a certain family-run clinic.Results from multivariate analysis indicated that factors as intravenous dropping,intravenous injection and the use of surgery/endoscope were associated with the HCV infection in this village.Conclusion Although the public health care system had been developed for more than ten years,iatrogenic infection was yet responsible for the infection of HCV patients in the rural areas of China that called for further attention paid to the system.

BACKGROUND:In previous studies,the human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) have been successfully differentiated into islet-like cells in vitro,and insulin expressions have been found.OBJECTIVE:To compare the therapeutic effects of different induced stages of islet-like cells differentiated from hUC-MSCs in a diabetic rat in vivo,so as to find the most suitable induced time in vitro and provide a theoretical basis for clinical treatment of diabetes mellitus.METHODS:Passage 3 hUC-MSCs were differentiated into islet-like cells after 7,14,21,28 days of oriented induction.Eighty male healthy Wistar rats,clean grade,were used in the study.Except eight rats in normal control group,all the rats were injected with streptozotocin at a dose of 70 mg/kg to establish diabetic models.The rats at 10 days after successful modeling were randomly divided into model control group,non-induced group,7-day induction group,14-day induction group,21-day induction group and 28-day induction group.Rats in the normal control group and model control group were given 2 mL of culture medium without any cells and rats in the other groups were implanted withcorresponding cell suspension (2x106 cells) via tail vein for two sessions with an interval of 2 weeks.The blood glucose level,body mass and serum insulin level were detected during the treatment process.The rats were executed to observe the structure changes of each organ at 4 weeks after the second cell transplantation.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Compared with the model control group,the body mass and the serum insulin level significantly increased and the blood glucose levels significantly decreased in all the transplantation groups (P ＜ 0.05),and the therapeutic effect was best in the 28-day induction group.(2) Compared with the model control group and normal control group,the frozen sections in all the transplantation groups showed that the morphological structures of the liver and kidney were clear with no abnormal changes,such as necrosis and fibrosis,after transplantation.These experimental results show that it is relatively safe and effective to transplant the different induced stages of islet-like cells induced by hUC-MSCs in the treatment of diabetes mellitus,and the therapeutic effect of islet-like cells at 28 days of in vitro induction is most obvious.

A case of IgG4-related hypertrophic pachymeningitis was reported. The patient was an elderly female, with the course of disease more than 8 years. Clinical manifestations included recurrent headache, vision and hearing loss, exophthalmos and thyroid dysfunction. Finally, she was diagnosed as IgG4-related disease and IgG4-related hypertrophic pachymeningitis by PET-CT and dural biopsy. After treatment with methylprednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil, the patient′s clinical symptoms improved.