Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; virology ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Genes, Viral ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Viral Load ; Young Adult

A strain with relative higher phytase-producing ability, Aspergillus fumigatus WY-2 was screened from soil. The optimal pH and temperature for activity of the phytase from A.fumigatus WY-2 were 5.5 and 55 ℃, respectively. The gene encoding the phytase was amplified from genomic DNA of the strain by PCR, and a 1.5 kb DNA fragment was obtained and then was cloned into vector pMD18-T. The sequencing analysis revealed that the DNA fragment contained a whole open reading frame (ORF) of phytase gene. The phytase gene was 1459 bp in length included with a 61 bp intron and encoded 465 amino acids. A signal peptide encoding 26 amino acids was found at 5′end of the gene. There were 7 potential glycosylation sites in the phytase. The present phytase showed 91% identity in nucleotide sequence and 91% identity in deduced amino acids sequence to the previously reported A.fumigatus ATCC34625 phytase.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of adolescent depression symptoms in Zhejiang, so as to provide reference for improving their mental health. Methods: The middle school and university students in 11 cities of Zhejiang Province were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method. The depression symptoms of the adolescents were assessed by Center for Epidemiological Survey-Depression Scale ( CES-D ) and the influencing factors were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression model. Results: A total of 25 855 students were investigated, and 25 614 ( 99.07% ) valid questionnaires were collected. The detection rate of depressive symptoms was 26.86%(6 879 cases). The detection rate of depressive symptoms in girls was 29.75%, which was higher than 24.12% in boys ( P<0.05). The detection rate of depressive symptoms in high school students was 31.74%, the highest compared with other grades. The multivariate regression analysis showed that female students ( OR=1.690, 95%CI: 1.592-1.794 ), resident students ( OR=1.071, 95%CI: 1.010-1.137 ) , internet addiction ( OR=2.948, 95%CI: 2.527-3.439 ) , attempt smoking ( OR=1.516, 95%CI: 1.359-1.690 ), drinking ( OR=1.624, 95%CI: 1.525-1.729 ), bullied in the past 30 days ( OR=3.143, 95%CI: 2.938-3.363 and having serious injuries within a year ( OR=1.369, 95%CI: 1.263-1.543 ) were associated with adolescents who had depressive symptoms. Conclusions The detection rate of depressive symptoms is relative 26.86% among adolescents of Zhejiang Province. The students who are female, live on campus, have internet addiction, have been bullied or seriously injured, smoke and drink are more likely to have depressive symptoms.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease and its involvement area in colon is influenced by a complex network of gene interactions.We analyzed the weighted gene co-expression networks in microarray dataset from colonic mucosa of patients with UC and identified one gene co-expression module that was highly associated with the progression of involved area in UC colon (Pearson coefficient=0.81,P＜0.0001).In total,523 hub genes in this module were found to be involved in immune system process after enrichment analysis in Gene Ontology.By the STRING and Cytoscape analysis,we observed that interleukin-8 (IL-8) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were centered in the network of hub genes.We then detected the expression of IL-8 and MMP-9 in mucosa from left-sided colon of patients using quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence assay respectively.Both quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence assay revealed the expression levels of IL-8 and MMP-9 were significantly different among the healthy controls,left-sided colitis group and pancolitis group (P＜0.05).IL-8 and MMP-9 were detected with an enhanced expression in pancolitis as compared with left-sided colitis and healthy controls,respectively (P＜0.05).This study demonstrates that immune system process is indispensable in the progression of disease in colon,and identifies that IL-8 and MMP-9 play potential critical roles for the progression.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect and action mechanism of petroleum ether extracts from Saussurea involucrate on brain tissues of hypoxia rats under constant pressure and closed conditions.

METHODThe PESI dosage-dependent experiment for hypoxia rats was conducted under constant pressure and closed conditions by intraperitoneally injecting 125, 250, 500 mg x kg(-1) to finalize that the optimum dosage is the high dose of PESI. Afterwards, 90 Wistar rats were randomly divided into the hypoxic model group, the acetazolamide 250 mg x kg(-1) group and the PESI high dose group. Each group was further divided into three subgroups according to different hypoxia times, with 10 rats in each subgroup. Under the same hypoxia and administration conditions, the rats were sacrificed after 0, 3, 6 h respectively. Their brain samples were collected for common pathological observation and immunohistochemical staining of HIF-1alpha. Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect HIF-1alpha, EPO, HO-1 and Caspase-3 gene expressions. And the Western blot assay was adopted to detect HIF-1alpha protein expression.

RESULTThe brain tissues of the hypoxia model group were severely damaged with the increase in the hypoxia time. The acetazolamide group and the PESI high does group were damaged in a much lower degree. According to the gene expression and the Western blot assay, high dose of PESI could inhibit HIF-1alpha expression. According to the pure gene expression test, high dose of PESI could increase EPO and HO-1 mRNA expressions, but inhibit Caspase-3 mRNA expression.

CONCLUSIONPESI's protective mechanism for brain tissues of hypoxia rats under constant pressure and closed conditions may be related to its effects in inhibiting HIF-1alpha expression, increasing EPO expression and resisting cell apoptosis.

Alkanes ; chemistry ; Animals ; Brain ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Caspase 3 ; genetics ; Cell Hypoxia ; drug effects ; Cytoprotection ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Erythropoietin ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; drug effects ; Heme Oxygenase-1 ; genetics ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Saussurea ; chemistry

The experiment's aim was to optimize the processing technology of Xanthii Fructus which through comparing the difference of UPLC fingerprint and contents of toxicity ingredient in water extract of 16 batches of processed sample. The determination condition of UPLC chromatographic and contents of toxicity ingredient were as follows. UPLC chromatographic: ACQUITY BEH C18 column (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 microm) eluted with the mobile phases of acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acidwater in gradient mode, the flow rate was 0.25 mL x min(-1) and the detection wavelength was set at 327 nm. Contents of toxicity ingredient: Agilent TC-C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), mobile phase was methanol-0.01 mol x L(-1) sodium dihydrogen phosphate (35: 65), flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1), and detection wavelength was 203 nm. The chromatographic fingerprints 16 batches of samples were analyzed in using the similarity evaluation system of chromatographic, fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine, SPSS16.0 and SIMCA13.0 software, respectively. The similarity degrees of the 16 batches samples were more than 0.97, all the samples were classified into four categories, and the PCA showed that the peak area of chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and caffeic acid were significantly effect index in fingerprint of processed Xanthii Fructus sample. The outcome of determination showed that the toxicity ingredient contents of all samples reduced significantly after processing. This method can be used in optimizing the processing technology of Xanthii Fructus.
Caffeic Acids ; analysis ; toxicity ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; toxicity ; Quinic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; toxicity ; Xanthium ; chemistry ; classification

Objective: To observe the metabolic profile changes caused by Danzhi Jiangtang Capsule (DJC) in treatment of type 2 diabetic rats and to study the possible metabolism. Methods: All the SD rats involved in the experiment were randomly divided into normal control, model, and DJC groups. The rats in the model and DJC groups were fed on high-fat diet for 4 weeks after ip injection with a small dose of streptozotocin to copy type 2 diabetic rat model. After the modeling, the rats in the DJC group were ig administered with DJC (1.26 g/kg) for 4 weeks, and the blood glucose was monitored weekly. After the treatment, urine of rats was collected, then all the rats were sacrificed, abdominal aortic blood was taken to detect the levels of insulin (INS) and glycated hemoglobin (GHb) in plasma. Using UPLC/QTOF-MS with principal component analysis (PCA) to analyze the metabolic profile changes, the metabolites were identified by databases, and metabolism pathways were analyzed. Results: Blood glucose monitoring and INS, GHb testing results showed that DJC could lower blood sugar and elevate plasma INS level. In the positive and negative ion modes, we screened seven and six variability markers respectively. The variability markers were related to glucose metabolism, tyrosine metabolism tryptophan metabolism, and oxidative stress-related reactions. Conclusion: DJC can lower blood sugar, repair islet cells to cure the type 2 diabetes, and the possible mechanism may relate to the regulation of energy metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and oxidative stress.

Objective To evaluate the association between total fluid intake and the time of urination per day and the risk of bladder cancer. Methods A population-based case-control study was conducted in urban Shanghai, China, during January 1996 to December 1998. The study included 608 incident cases of bladder cancer and 607 age- and sex-matched controls. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios(ORs)and their corresponding 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)for bladder cancer associated with frequency of urination, after adjusted for age, gender, smoking status, history of occupation with high risk, history of bladder infections, body mass index and other confounding factors. The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05(two-sided). Results No significant trend was observed for the association between total fluid intake, time of nighttime urination and the risk of bladder cancer. Increasing time of urination during daytime was associated with decreased risk of bladder cancer(P for trend=0.014). ORs(95%CIs)for subjects who voided 4 times, 5 times and 6 or more times per day[0.72(0.49-1.05),0.60(0.41-0.87)and 0.62(0.43-0.90), respectively], when compared with those with less than 4times per day after adjustment of confounding factors. Data showed that smokers and nonsmokers who voided at least 6 times per day had the ORs of 0.72(95%CI: 0.45-1.15)and 0.46(95%CI:0.25-0.87)when compared to their counterparts who voided 3 times or less per day during the daytime. Subjects who urinated at least 6 times per day and consumed more than 1500 ml of total fluid per day experienced a significant 57% reduction in risk compared to subjects who urinated 3 times or less and consumed less than 750 ml of total daily fluid intake. Conclusion Increased urination frequency and total fluid intake, especially among those who never smoked might be associated with a reduced risk of bladder cancer.

To research the effect of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata compatibility on cardiac toxicity in rats by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS, and explore the endogenous markers and molecule mechanism. Different compatibility of Shenfu decoction were given to male Wistar rats at dosage of 20 g · kg(-1) for 7 days, collected the serum, and analyze the endogenous metabolites effected by Shenfu formulation by principal component analysis and partial least-squares analysis. Results showed that content of glutathione, phosphatidylcholine and citric acid decreased in mixed-decoction group, while ascorbic acid, uric acid, D-galactose, tryptophan, L-phenylalanine increased. The results showed cardiac toxicity of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata in Shenfu mixed-decoction. Shenfu co-decoction group showed a similar or weaker trend compared with control group, but most of them do not have a statistically significant. The results indicated the scientific basis of Shenfu compatibility by comparison of co-decoction group with mixed-decoction group. Shenfu compatibility can reduce cardiac toxicity induced by Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, and citric acid, glutathione, phosphatidyl choline, uric acid might be regarded as potential markers of cardiotoxicity.
Animals ; Biomarkers ; Cardiotoxicity ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; toxicity ; Glutathione ; blood ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Male ; Metabolomics ; methods ; Principal Component Analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

The main component of this pill is 2-Octadecanoic acid-4-Palmitic acid-2, 4-Pentanediyl ester separated from chloroform extract of neem oil. The microcapsules coated by the re-curdle method were fabricated with an average particle size of 100-180 microm. The morphological characteristics, incorporation efficiency, carrier reclamation efficiency of the microcapsule were investigated. Kunming mice were used in the experiment, and the anti-fertility effect of the microcapsule on the histology and apoptosis was studied by light and electron microscopy and the flow cytometry. The data obtained clearly indicated that the microcapsule could lead to the payload of medicine, the incorporation efficiency being 90%. After the microcapsules were given to the male mice orally, its anti-fertility effect came into being and could keep the mice in a state of reversible infertility for a long time. The results of histological study and flow cytometry indicate that the mechanism of its anti-fertility effect involves mainly the inhibition of sperm motility and the arrest of spermatogenic process.
Animals ; Capsules ; Contraceptive Agents, Male ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Drug Compounding ; Glycerides ; chemistry ; Male ; Mice ; Palmitic Acids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Particle Size ; Sperm Motility ; drug effects ; Spermatogenesis ; drug effects ; Stearic Acids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Terpenes ; chemistry