Objective:To summarize the ultrasound features of renal arteriovenous fistula(RAVF)under various ultrasound imaging modes,so as to avoid missed diagnosis of RAVF on initial ultrasound examination.Methods:The clinical data of 6 patients with RAVF,including the ultrasound evidence,the timing of ultrasound diagnosis,the modes of ultrasound diagnosis, and the agreement between ultrasound diagnosis and selective renal arterial angiography,were retrospectively analyzed.Results: 2D ultrasound had 1 case of correct diagnosis,1 case of misdiagnosis and 4 cases of missed diagnosis.Color Doppler and spectral Doppler both had all the 6 cases correctly diagnosed.Ultrasound angiography in 3 cases demonstrated that the contrast agent reached the renal veins earlier than reached the renal parenchyma;large fistula lumen was associated with ischemia of downstream areas.3D ultrasound vividly reflected the structure of fistula lumen volume,and provided us with the profiles of blood signal in fistula at different planes and angles,improving our knowledge of blood flow on the fistula.Conclusion: Ultrasound is the first line screening method for RAVF.Color Doppler plays a decisive role in the diagnosis of RAVF and pulsed spectral Doppler plays a synergetic role and contributes to differential diagnosis.Contrast-enhanced ultrasound may help to discover the abnormality of venous circulation and the ischemic parenehyma area due to shunting.2D ultrasound has a poor diagnostic value and is liable to lead to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.

Objective To explore the indication,technique and complications of Snodgrass operation in hypospadias repairment.Methods From Sep.2005 to Nov.2006,22 boys from 2 to 18 years old with hypospadias were treated with Snodgrass modification.The procedure was performed in 16 patients as a primary repairment and in 6 patients as the 2-stage repairment.The entire length of the urethral plate was incised along the midline in primary repairment,and the skin flaps and residual urethral plate were incised in the 2-stage repairment.The length of neourethra was from 1 to 10 cm.The neourethra was tubularized over a F 6 or F 8 catheter.The urethral stent was removed in 10 to 14 days pos-toperatively.Results Of the 22 patients,18(81.8%) required no other surgery as the repairment provided a normal appearing penis(straight,terminal meatus, cosmetics) without complications.Fistul aoccurred in 4 patients(18.2%) and meatal stenosis in 1 patient.Conclusion Snodgrass operation creates a vertical slit-like neomeatus.The procedures restores good function and normal appearance to the penis.

This study aims to explore the differences of event-related potential (ERP) between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and normal children, so that these differences provide scientific basis for the diagnosis of ADHD. Eight children were identified to be ADHD group by the diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV (diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-IV), and the control group also consisted of 8 normal children. Modified visual-continuous performance test (CPT) was used as the experiment paradigm. The experiment included two major conditions, i. e. Go and NoGo. All the 16 subjects participated in the study. A high density EEG acquisition instrument was used to record the EEG signal and processed these EEG data by means of ERP and spectrum analysis. P2-N2 peak-peak value and spectral peak around 11 Hz were analyzed between ADHD subjects and those in the control group, and then statistical tests were applied to these two groups. Results showed that: (1) Under the condition of Go, ADHD group had a significant lower P2-N2 peak-peak value than the values in the control group (P < 0.05); but under the condition of NoGo there was no significant difference in between. (2) Compared with the control group, the ADHD group had significant lower spectral amplitude around 11 Hz under the condition of NoGo (P < 0.05). However, under the condition of Go the difference was insignificant. In conclusion, there is certain cognitive dysfunction in ADHD children. P2-N2 peak-peak value and spectral peak around 11 Hz could be considered as clinical evaluation indexes of ADHD children's cognitive function. These two objective indexes provide an early diagnosis and effective treatment of ADHD.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Brain ; physiopathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Cognition Disorders ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials ; Humans

Acute Disease ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; Bronchodilator Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Male ; Theophylline ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To observe the effect of mild moxibustion on cancer-related fatigue, serum ghrelin and adiponectin in patients undergoing chemotherapy after colorectal cancer surgery. Methods: Seventy patients were divided into a control group and an observation group according to the random number table method, with 35 cases in each group. Patients in both groups were treated with conventional FOLFOX4 chemotherapy regimen. Patients in the control group also received routine treatments such as symptomatic treatment of complications, health education, nutritional support, and exercise intervention. Patients in the observation group received mild moxibustion on the basis of interventions used in the control group. The Piper fatigue scale-revision (PFS-R), Karnofsky performance status (KPS) and spleen and kidney yang deficiency syndrome were scored, and serum ghrelin and adiponectin levels were measured before and after treatment. Results: After treatment, total score of PFS-R in the control group did not change significantly (P>0.05), while in the observation group it was significantly reduced (P<0.05) and lower than that in the control group (P<0.05); KPS scores in both groups were increased (both P<0.05), and it was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05); total score of spleen and kidney yang deficiency syndrome in the control group did not change significantly (P>0.05), while it was significantly reduced in the observation group (P<0.05) and lower than that in the control group (P<0.05); serum ghrelin and adiponectin levels in the control group had no significant changes (both P>0.05), but the levels were significantly increased in the observation group (both P<0.05) and higher than those in the control group (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the routine treatments, mild moxibustion can relieve fatigue, improve quality of life, and improve the symptoms of spleen and kidney yang deficiency in patients undergoing chemotherapy after colorectal cancer surgery, which may be related to the regulation of serum ghrelin and adiponectin levels.

Objective To select more rapid,sensitive and specific method in detection of respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)directly from clinical specimens.Methods RSV was detected by virus isolation in tissue culture,direct smears and detection by indirect immunofluorecence assay(IFA),rapid culture assay,sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)as well as labbed streptavidin biotin method(LSAB)from 45 specimens(nasopharyngeal aspirates,NPAs) collected from infants and young children with acute lower respiratory tract infection.Results Of 45 NPAs,12 cases(26.7%) were positive by virus isolation,14 cases(31.1%) were positive for RSV by direct detection of RSV antigen by IFA,20 cases(44.4%) were positive with rapid culture assay,4 cases(8.9%)were positive by sandwich ELISA,4 cases(8.9%)were positive by LSAB.Conclusion Rapid culture assay and direct detection of RSV in NPAs direct smears by IFA are rapid,sensitive method in the diagnosis of RSV infections.

The autophagy is a process of cell survival by lysosomal degradation of damaged organelles and macromo-leular materials. It plays an important role in stable environment. The autophagy of cells is persisted in the patho-physiology of angiogenesis. However,To explore the development of the angiogenesis based on autophagy,is the clinical treatment ideas of the vascular disease.

The autophagy is a process of cell survival by lysosomal degradation of damaged organelles and macromo-leular materials. It plays an important role in stable environment. The autophagy of cells is persisted in the patho-physiology of angiogenesis. However,To explore the development of the angiogenesis based on autophagy,is the clinical treatment ideas of the vascular disease.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate off-indication use of oral chemical drugs medical orders by the standards of CFDA and FDA,and to compare the differences between the two standards,analyze reasons and rationality of drug use,so as to pro-vide reference for establishing off-indications use management system. METHODS:The oral chemical drugs medical orders of inpatients were analyzed statistically during Jan.-Jun. 2016. Off-label uses was judged according to the standards of CFDA and FDA. RESULTS:Totally 507 oral chemical drugs medical orders were collected,the percentage of off-indications use were in high level,being 58.58% and 55.82% respectively by the standards of CFDA and FDA. The incidence of off-indication use of quetiapine and aripiprazole by the CFDA standards were significantly higher than the results of FDA standards,with statistical significance(P<0.05). Magnesium valproate(54.03%),escitalopram oxalate(10.45%)and quetiapine(10.15%)occupied the top 3 places in the list of constituent ratio. Among off-indication medical orders,7 orders had no evidence-based medicine,ac-counting for 2.36% of total. CONCLUSIONS:Most off-indication medical orders of our hospital could provide the basis and lit-erature support,while there are still a few off-indication use with insufficient evidence. The corresponding management system of the hospital should be formulated to guarantee the medication safety of the patients and legitimate rights and interests of the doctors.

Abstract: The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique is a technique for the specific and efficient amplification of target fragments at a constant temperature using two pairs of specially designed primers and a strand displacement activity DNA polymerase. LAMP technique is a simple, rapid, specific, sensitive and cost-effective nucleic acid amplification method, and therefore has a promising future in the field rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and grassroots applications. In this review, the basic principles and characteristics of the LAMP technique, the main molecular markers for the diagnosis of tuberculosis, and the use of different molecular markers and various types of novel techniques in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and drug-resistant tuberculosis were described. The LAMP technique has been widely used in the diagnosis of tuberculosis with high sensitivity and specificity, but the technique still has some shortcomings. This paper reviews the progress of its application in tuberculosis in recent years and provides an outlook on its development, with a view to providing a rational research direction for rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis in a resource-limited environment.