Objective To explore the dose-effect relationship and optimal concentration of sodium taurocholate (NaTc) to establish acute necrosis pancreatitis (ANP) complicating MODS in a rat. Methods 280 SD rats were randomly divided into control group (n =40) and 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5% ANP group (n = 60, respectively). ANP groups were induced by retrograde injection of NaTc solution into the pancreatic duct of rats. Rats in each model group were sacrificed at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after the model induction. Serum amylase, serum total bilirubin, creatinine, blood gas analysis, and pathological changes of pancreas were determined. Survival rate at 24 h after the model induction was observed in other 20 ANP rats in each group. Results In each groups, the serum amylase level, creatinine, blood gas analysis and pathological changes all increased corresponding to the increase of NaTc, and there was significant dose-effect relationship and time-effect. In 4.5% group, the dysfunction of liver and kidney reached the peak at 6 h,while the respiratory dysfunction reached its peak at 12 h. Its incidence of MODS was 52.5%, which was significantly higher than those in 3.5%, 4.0% group (15.0% and 37.5%) ;and 24 h survival rate of 4.5% group was 65%, which was significantly higher than that in 5% group (30%). Conclusions 4.5% NaTc solution may be the optimal concentration to establish the ANP model, which had higher incidence of MODS and 24 h survival rate.

Objective To investigate the time-course change of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), TNF-α in rat with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) and its mechanism. Methods 80 SD rats were randomly divided into ANP group and control group. ANP group was induced by retrograde injection of 4.5% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct in SD rats, while control group was induced by injection of saline at the same dosage. Eight rats in each group were killed at 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h, respectively. The serum levels of amylase, TNF-α were determined;IAP, amount of abdominal ascites, pancreatic pathologic changes were evaluated. Results The levels of amylase in ANP group increased progressively with time, which were 32-folds higher than those in control group at 24 h. The serum levels of TNF-α in ANP group reached the peak at 6 h, and were significantly higher than those in the control group. The amount of abdominal ascites increased post-ANP induction and reached the peak at 24 h, which was 4.7-folds higher than that in the control group. The IAP significantly increased 1 h after induction, which was 3 times as high as the control group in 3 h group and 9 times in 12 h group. Pathologic injuries deteriorated progressively and reached the peak at 24 h. Conclusions Significant IAP occurred in ANP rats and reached the peak at 12 h, TNF-α reached the peak at 6 h, therefore IAP may be the secondary response to inflammatory reaction.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the protective effect of 1, 3-dicyclopentyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4, 5-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester (ZL-5015) on lethal endotoxin-challenged mice and to explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS:Mouse model of lethal endotoxin challenge and endotoxemia were established by intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a dose of 70 mg/kg to the C57BL/6J mice.Mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated with LPS (10 mg/L) were used as an in vitro inflammatory model.The levels of interleukin-1β( IL-1β) , interleukin-10 ( IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Real-time PCR was used to evaluate the mRNA expression of the cytokines.RESULTS:Prophylactic treatment of the mice with ZL-5015 (100 and 200 mg/kg, ig) slightly increased the survival rate, extended the survival time, decreased the serum levels of IL-1βand TNF-α, and increased the serum level of IL-10 in the early stage of endotoxemia as compared with model group.The results of in vitro study demonstrated that treatment of the endotoxin-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages with ZL-5015 (10, 20 and 40μmol/L) inhibited the expression of IL-1βand TNF-αat both mRNA and protein levels but promoted the expression of IL-10 at both mRNA and protein levels.CONCLUSION: The tetrahydropyrimidine derivative ZL-5015 shows a moderate anti-endotoxin effect by increasing the survival rate and extending the survival time of the mice challenged by endotoxin, which may result from inhibition of the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1βand TNF-α, and promotion of the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.

In this study, the adsorption behavior of epirubicin hydrochloride (EPI) on carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes (c-SWNTs) obtained by mixture acid treatment was investigated. The results indicated that the dispersion of c-SWNTs in water was obviously improved. The absorption of EPI on c-SWNTs came to equilibrium after 240 min and could be explained by pseudo-second-order model. Moreover, there were heterogeneous distribution of active sites onto c-SWNTs surface and the Freundlich isotherm model was better fit to describe the absorption precess of EPI on c-SWNTs. The absorption capacity of EPI on c-SWNTs increased obviously with the increasing pH and decreasing temperature. Compared with multi-walled carbon nanotubes, carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes, SWNTs, c-SWNTs possessed higher absorption capacity for EPI. The controlled, targeted and sustained release of EPI from c-SWNTs-EPI could be instructive for the development of nano-carrier.

This study was aimed to establish an inspection method for the limited quantity of aconitine and the content determination of schisandrol in Yi-Shen Xiao-Zhong(YSXZ) pill.Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to inspect the limited quantity of aconitine in YSXZ pill.The content of schisandrol was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The results showed that the identification method of the limited quantity of aconitine and the content determination method of schisandrol were established.Compared to the correspondent position of the control chromatography,the limited quantity of aconitine was 2.5μg,which was much lower than the dose of inducing toxic reaction.It can be used in the limited quantity control of aconitine for toxic reaction in YSXZ pill.The calibration curve of schisandrol was linear at 2.92-95.36μg·mL-1.The regression equation wasy = 18.630x + 2.556 (r = 1).The average recovery was 95.10% and RSD was 1.55% (n = 6).It was concluded that the established method for the inspection and content determination of aconitine and schisandrol was simple,accurate and reproducible.It can be used in the quality control of YSXZ pill.

Objective To study the effect of balloon dilatation therapy on dysphagia caused by cricopharyn- geal achalasia.Methods Ten cases of dysphagia were diagnosed as cricopharyngeal achalasia by videofluoroscopic swallowing study(VFSS).A 14~* urethral catheter was inserted into the esophagus and an amount of water was injec- ted into the balloon of the urethral catheter to make it turgid.Then the catheter was pulled upwards and passed through the stricture of esophagus to dilatate the cricopbarygeus muscle.Meanwhile,low frequency electrical stimula- tion was used and combined with functional training of the organs related to deglutition and ingestion.The results be- fore and after the treatment were evaluated.Results After 19.7 times of dilatation therapy,the content of water in- jected into the balloon was increased from 2.65?0.91 ml to 8.20?0.92 ml.Cricopharyngeal achalasia was alle- viated significantly(P

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease and its involvement area in colon is influenced by a complex network of gene interactions.We analyzed the weighted gene co-expression networks in microarray dataset from colonic mucosa of patients with UC and identified one gene co-expression module that was highly associated with the progression of involved area in UC colon (Pearson coefficient=0.81,P＜0.0001).In total,523 hub genes in this module were found to be involved in immune system process after enrichment analysis in Gene Ontology.By the STRING and Cytoscape analysis,we observed that interleukin-8 (IL-8) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were centered in the network of hub genes.We then detected the expression of IL-8 and MMP-9 in mucosa from left-sided colon of patients using quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence assay respectively.Both quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence assay revealed the expression levels of IL-8 and MMP-9 were significantly different among the healthy controls,left-sided colitis group and pancolitis group (P＜0.05).IL-8 and MMP-9 were detected with an enhanced expression in pancolitis as compared with left-sided colitis and healthy controls,respectively (P＜0.05).This study demonstrates that immune system process is indispensable in the progression of disease in colon,and identifies that IL-8 and MMP-9 play potential critical roles for the progression.

Streptomyces sp. A048 was cultured in a complete medium to the last stage of log phase,the hyphae were washed and collected by centrifugation. Then the hyphae were inoculated in liquid medium for chitinase production using two-step fermentation. Activity of chitinase produced by two-step fermentation was 1.1 times higher than that from one-step fermentation,and ferment cycle was for 54 hours,which was 66 hours shorter than that of one-step fermentation. The hyphae and the powder of chitin were co-immobilizated and cultured in liquid medium for 36 hours,activity of chitinase was 1.8 times higher than that from one-step fermentation,and ferment cycle was 54h shorter than that of one-step fermentation. By adding 0.4% cellulose to two-step fermentation,activity of chitinase was 18.52 U/mL that was 4 times higher than that from the control and 10 times higher than that from one-step fermentation. Two step fermentation with chitin and cellulose may be the optimal fermentation process to produce Chitinase from Streptomyces sp. A048.

Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative CT-guided hardening agent localization.Methods From December 2010 to January 2012,27 patients with 29 solitary pulmonary nodules who had undergone CT-guided hardening agent localization and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) were studied.Results All cases were underwent CT-guided hardening agent localization successfully,and no patient had serious complication that required any intervention.The diameter of nodules ranged from 3 to 21 mm as measured by CT[mean (11.27 ± 6.32) mm].The distance between the center of nodule and visceral pleural ranged from 4 to 38 mm[mean (14.45 ± 4.32) mm].Conversion from VATS to thoracotomies was not necessary during the diagnostic resection procedure nodules.29 solitary pulmonary nodules underwent thoracoscopic wedge resection,and no intra-or postoperative mortality or morbidity was recorded.Conclusion CT-guided hardening agent localization before video-assisted thoracoscopic solitary pulmonary nodule resection is a safe and effective procedure for accurate diagnosis and resection of indeterminate solitary pulmonary nodules.