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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the use of traditional Chinese medicine injections in our hospital for references of clinical rational administration.METHODS:The consumption sum,DDDs,daily drug costs(DDC) of traditional Chinese medicine injections in our hospital during 2003～2006 were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:Over the 4 years,the incremental rate of the consumption sum of traditional Chinese medicine injections in our hospital experienced a big change,with annual incremental rates of 187%,95%,and —0.4%,respectively.Dominating the first places over the 4 years in respect of DDDs has been the category for cardio-cerebral vessels.The antitumor traditional Chinese medicine injections took the lead in consumption sum and DDC.CONCLUSION:The consumption quantity of traditional Chinese medicine injections experienced a fast increase,suggesting its great market demand.But it has distinctive defects which limited its more broad use.

Objective To investigate the correlation of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene variations in the promoter region with the sporadic Alzheimer' s disease (SAD) in Chinese Han population for better understanding the mechanism of SAD. MethodsThe polymorphisms of 279 SAD Chinese Han patients from Northern China were analyzed by comparing with those from 317 healthy individuals using the method of polymeraee chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism ( PCR-RFLP) or direct sequencing.The commercial statistics package SPSS 11.5 was used to compare the distribution of the allele and the genotype, and to analyze their correlations with SAD. ResultsThree polymorphism sites were found for the VEGF promoters in the Chinese Han sample group including -2578C/A,- 2549I/D and- 1154G/A.- 2549I/D and- 2578C/A exhibiting strong linkage disequilibrium. Individuals with the A allele at position -2578 had an insertion of 18 nucleotides at -2459I/D, whereas CC homozygotes did not contain th es were found between the SAD patients and the controls in the 3 VEGF polymorphisms. After adjusting the data for gender, age and the ApoE ε4 allele using Logistic regression, the - 1154G/G genotype of the VEGF promoter might increase the risk of SAD in Chinese Han population.Among the subgroup without the ApoE ε4 allele, -2549D/-1154G haplotype might increase the risk for SAD (OR = 1.325, 95％ CI 1.023--1.716, P=0.033). ConclusionsThree polymorphism sites ( -2578C/A, -254911D, and -1154G/A) are found in the VEGF promoter regions in Chinese Han population. The-1154G/G genotype of the VEGF promote appears to increase the risk of SAD in Chinese Han population.In the absence of ApoE ε4, the -2549D/-1154G haplotype of the VEGF promoter appears to affect the risk for SAD.

Purpose To explore the role of tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α) in the process of temozolomide ( TMZ) reduce glioma in-vasiveness and its possible mechanism. Methods C6 glioma cells of logarithmic phase were randomly divided into TMZ treatment (10, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240 min group) (n=15), dynamic monitoring content of TNF-αin the culture medium was measured by ra-dioimmunoassay, expression of p53 protein in C6 cells was detected with Western blotting method, and cell apoptosis was used with AnnexinV-FITC. A glioma invasiveness model was established in vitro and glioma invasiveness was determined by crystal violet stai-ning. Results For C6 cells, contents of TNF-αin the nutrient fluid and expressions of p53 protein in C6 cells obviously increased af-ter TMZ treatment and they achieved the peak at 120 min (P<0. 01), followed by decrease gradually. Glioma invasiveness was re-duced after TMZ acted on glioma in vitro. Conclusion TMZ can reduce glioma invasiveness by TNF-α, which this role may be is TMZ promote C6 cells release of TNF-α and increased TNF-α due to glioma cells apoptosis.

This article analyzed the current problems existing in the public health master cur-ricula system, such as educational ideas being backward, tralning objectives not explicit, curricula teaching unsatisfactory and effects of practical curriculum needing to be improved. Based on the pro-fessional competencies, we discussed the ideas and principles of the new curricula system of master of public health, and proposed making sure of a refined professional competencies, making strict traln-ing standards, confirming tralning objectives, embodying advantages, setting up reasonable curricula, fostering practical abilities, strengthening cooperation and carrying on professional identification.

Objective To package the recombinant lentivirus containing HIV-1 Vpr gene and detect the effect of Vpr protein expression on the latent infection and lyric replication of KSHV.Methods The fragment of Vpr gene from expression plasmid pCI-neo-Vpr was cloned into the lentivirus vector pHAGE-CMV-MCS-IzsGreen,then the recombinant plasmid pHAGE-Vpr,package vector psPAX2 and envelope vector pMD2.G were cotransfected into 293T cells.GFP expression was observed by fluorescent microscopy.Culture media of 293T cells were harvested and filtered through 0.45 μm filter.After 293T cells were infected by a series of diluted lentivirus,the virus titer was checked by observing GFP expression.Vpr mRNA transcripts in 293T cells were detected by RT-PCR.Then BCBL-1 cells were infected by the recombinant lentivirus with 1 MOI,GFP expression was observed by fluorescent microscopy,and the mRNA transcripts and protein expression of Vpr in BCBL-1 cells were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.Meanwhile,the mRNA transcripts and protein expression of KSHV lytic cycle gene Rta were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot,respectively.Results The recombinant lentivirus carrying HIV-1 Vpr was packaged successfully with the virus titer of 4 × 107 TU/ml.After infected with lentivirus,BCBL-1 cells could express GFP,and the exact band of Vpr was detectable by RT-PCR and Western blot.Moreover,the expression of KSHV Rta mRNA and protein were downregulated by Vpr protein.Conclusion Overexpression of HIV-1 Vpr mediated by the recombinant lentivirus could inhibit KSHV lytic replication and enhance KSHV latent infection.

Retinal vein occlusion ( RVO ) is a common vascular disease of the retina and is one of the main reasons for blindness. ln recent years, there have been some new understanding about the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, especially some new researches about treatment,for example ,in the therapy of the intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide and anti-VEGFs as well as dexamethasone implant ( Ozurdex ) . This article will make a brief summarization of the progress about the diagnosis and treatment of RVO.

Objective To collect the families with generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus(GEFS+) and analyze the clinical status and heredity features of Chinese GEFS+.Voltaged-gated sodium channel ?1 subunit(SCN1B) gene of 2 families were detected,and expect to find new mutation sites.Methods All participant in the study of 2 families members were informed of voluntary participate in this investigation,health examination and blood sampling.All 6 gene exons of proband,patients and healthy control group were sequenced.The sequencing result was compared and analyzed with the normal sequence of genomic exon fragment and exon fragment sequencing result of control group through internet(BLAST).Results 1.A new G/A heterozygous polymorphism (G181A)was found in the 181th basyl of SCN1B gene exon 3,and codon was changed from TCG to TCA,both encoding serine (Ser,S).It was synonymous mutation.2.A new G/A heterozygous polymophism(G15A)was found in the 15th basyl of SCN1B gene exon 3,and codon was changed from GAG to GAA,both encoding glutamic acid(Glu,E).It belonged to synonymous mutation.3.A new T/C heterozygous polymorphism (T37C)was found in the 37th basyl of SCN1B gene exon 6.The patients genetype were:5 cases with T/C heterozygote,3 cases with T/T homozygote,2 cases with C/C homozygote.Healthy control group were all T/T homozygote.Allele frequency distribution for T was 55.0%,and 45.0% for C.4.A new A/C heterozygous polymorphism (A81C)was found in the 81th basyl of SCN1B gene exon 6.The patients genetype were:5 cases with A/C heterozygote,3 cases with A/A homozygote,2 cases with C/C homozygote.Healthy control group were all A/A homozygote.Allele frequency distribution for A was 55.0%,and 45.0% for C.Conclusions Two new heterozygous polymorphism (G181A),(G15A) were found in SCN1B gene exon 3.Two new heterozygous polymorphism (T37C),(A81C) were found in SCN1B gene exon 6.These 4 polymorphism enriched single nucleotide polymorphism(SPN) database and provided candidate sites for the research of epilepsy susceptbility polymorphisms.

Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus(GEFS+) is a new epilepsy syndrome proposed by International League Against Epilepsy.At present,the progress of genetic studies of GEFS+ focus on gene mapping based on family analysis,many researches indicate that GEFS+ is associated with voltaged-gated sodium channel(SCN) gene mutation.This paper intends to discuss the relationship beween GEFS+ and SCN1B,SCN2B,SCN1A,SCN2A genes,mutations in order to improve the cognition about GEFS+.