AlM:To explore the suitable conditions in rapid model of corneal neovascularization ( CNV ) after thermal burn under different constant temperature in rabbit.
METHODS: Total 45 New Zealand white rabbits were divided randomly into five groups ( A, B, C, D, E ) . A groups:100℃ ( n = 10 ) , B groups: 200℃ ( n = 10 ) , C groups:300℃ ( n=10 ) , D groups: 400℃ ( n=10 ) , and E groups:control group ( n=5 ) . All left eyes of rabbits in A,B,C,D groups were induced corneal neovascularization by constant temperature burning device. The growth of CNV was observed by slit lamp microscope and the area of CNV were recorded on 4 th , 7 th , 14 th , 30 th days postoperatively. SPSS 19. 0 statistical package was used for data analysis, and the data was recorded by mean ± standard deviation. Comparison by analysis of variance was made by repeated measures in the area of neovascularization at each time point in groups. Statistical tests were considered significantly when P values were less than 0. 05.
RESULTS:On postoperative 4 th , 7 th , 14 th , 30 th days: no neovascularization was found after corneal thermal burn in A group, but only a few nebula left (n=2);the area of CNV were (9.16±1.45)mm2, (37.73±5.49)mm2, (62.44± 7. 54 ) mm2 , ( 40. 28 ± 7. 39 ) mm2 in B group respectively;and (11.45±1.04)mm2, (44.51±4.64)mm2, (66.13±4.13)mm2, (43.04±2.33)mm2 in C group respectively; and (13.23± 0.86)mm2,(47.26±4.59)mm2,(67.57±4.56)mm2,(45.59± 4. 44 ) mm2 in D group respectively, and part corneal carbide ( n = 4 ) was observed as well as corneal perforation ( n= 6 ) were found on 3d in D group. No neovascularization was found in normal control group. Comparison of the areas of CNV at each time point between groups was statistically different, P < 0. 05. Statistical differences were found among B, C, D groups, P<0. 05.
COCLUSlON:ln 4 to 7d, the higher the temperature is, the more the neovascularization area of CNV are. lt has no significant difference in 14 to 30d. But corneal carbide and corneal perforation are often found in 400℃ group, so its modeling failure rate is high. lt is between 200℃ and 300℃ that repeatability and uniformity of the corneal neovascularization model of rabbit are superior.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of ultrasound guided pus aspiration for appendiceal abscess.MethodsPercutaneous puncture and pus aspiration was performed under guidance of B US on 181 patients with appendiceal abscess, result was compared with 23 patients treated conservatively.ResultsCompared with that of control group, in pus aspiration group abdominal pain lasted 5 5 days shorter,fever lasted 5 days shorter,tenderness did 6 days shorter, cost was 2?356 yuan less and hospital stay shortened by 6 days.ConclusionPus aspiration under B US guidance is a safe,simple,less cost and effective treatment for appendiceal abscess larger than 1?cm?2?cm in children patients.

Objective To approach the operative effect of dural bilaminar saturation in frontal -temporal skull defect repairs after standard decompressive craniectomy.Methods Fifty-two patients with titanium cranioplas-ty in frontal-temporal skull defect were retrospectively analyzed;27 of them adopted dural bilaminar saturation in the first standard decompressive craniectomy(test group);25 of them adopted dural monostratal saturation in the first operation (control group).The operation time,blood loss,postoperative complications in the two groups were compared. The mean operation time:the test group was (65.00 ±8.15)min and the control group was (83.00 ± 10.25)min,there was statistically significant differences between the two groups(t =7.059,P<0.05);average amount of bleeding:the test group was (55 ±8)mL and the control group was (79 ±12)mL,there was statistically significant differences between the two groups (t=8.541,P<0.05);postoperative complications:adverse reactions were noted in 4 patients of test group (14.8%),5 cases of control group (20%),there was no significant differences between the two groups (χ2 =0.016,P>0.05).Conclusion Skull repairs in second standard decompressive crani-ectomy by dural bilaminar saturation,can be shortened the operation time and lessened amount of bleeding.

AIM: To explore the way and the feasible time of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) transplanting to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) rats, and to investigate the migration of OECs after transplanted to EAE and the possible mechanism of inducing the protective effect. METHODS: The Lewis rats, which were divided into MOG group and GPSCH group according to the induction by MOG~Igd and GPSCH separately, were used to made EAE model. The animals in MOG group were divided into 3 subsets: OECs blank group (MOG0 group, 4 rats );OECs transplantation by vena caudalis (MOG1 group, 7 rats);OECs transplantation by lateral cerebral ventricle (MOG2 group, 4 rats). The animals in GPSCH group were also divided into 2 subsets: OECs blank group (GPSCH0 group, 4 rats);OECs transplanted by vena caudalis (GPSCH1 group, 4 rats). OECs transplanted through different ways in peak incidence, then the rats were measured to determine whether the symptom was ameliorated. Two weeks after transplantion, the rats were killed and the methods of histofluorescence and histopathology (HE staining and Luxol fast blue staining) were used to examine the distribution of the labeled OECs in EAE rats' bodies and to explore whether there was some amelioration in histology. RESULTS: After OECs transplantation by vena caudalis or lateral cerebral ventricle, the rats' symptom improved. Compared to OECs blank groups, there was significant difference in clinical scores (F=18.470, P<0.01;t=-7.147, P<0.01). No significant difference between MOG1 group and MOG2 group was observed (P>0.05). The labeled OECs entered into the brain through the broken blood-brain-barrier after transplantation by vena caud-alis, the labeled OECs near the subpial area and around the lesions were found. OECs transplantation by the way of lateral cerebral ventricle showed great migration potential, the cells moved towards to the lesions extensively. No significant difference between OECs transplantation group and OECs blank group in histopathology (HE staining and LFB staining) was observed (P>0.05), and the same thing also happened between MOG1 group and MOG2 group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The transplantation of adult rats' OECs improves the EAE rats' symptom at some degree by the ways of vena caudalis or lateral cerebral ventricle.

Objective To explore the methods and standards of catastrophic health expenditure for China,and improve the operability in defining those impoverished due to diseases.Methods 600 households with inpatients were randomly sampled from 12 villages of three townships in City M in Hubei province for household survey.Literature review and expert consultation methods were used to measure and determine the threshold of catastrophic health expenditure( CHE) of City M,with improvements made by grouping.Results In a uniform standard,the CHE occurrence of the income method and expenditure method is lower than the non-existence expenditure method and WHO method,verifying theoretically that the standard set for the former should be higher than the latter.In addition,the income method and expenditure method present differently in China.Standards set should vary with different measurement methods,maintaining approximate CEH expenditure for the same region.For the income method and expenditure method,the recommended benchmark reference is 25%,with an adjustable range of 35%~45%.Mutual verifications of these methods can further determine a rational CHE value.Conclusions The CHE methods support the definition of people impoverished due to diseases beyond their household payment capacity.Different thresholds however should be set for different methods,and the relative standards should be translated into absolute standards by grouping.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in elderly patients with permanent cardiac pacemaker implantation due to bradyarrhythmias, and the relationship between pacing mode and patients' sleep apnea-hypopnea index.Methods Forty-four elderly patients (＞60 years) with cardiac pacemaker and their 44 controls matched for gender, age, body mass index and cardiovascular morbidity were studied using polysomnography or portable sleep monitoring device. Results Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (apnea-hypopnea index ≥5/h) was 44.7% and the mean apnea-hypopnea index was 8.2 ±4.1/h in the cardiac pacemaker group, which were significantly higher than those in control subjects (25% and 4.6±2.4/h, respectively, P＜0.01 and P＜0.05). The mean apnea-hypopnea index of patients with DDD or AAI pacemaker was significantly lower than that of patients with VVI pacemaker. Conclusions Sleep-disordered breathing was more common in patients who had their cardiac pacemaker implanted due to bradyarrhythmias than in their matched controls. Compared with VVI pacing, DDD or AAI pacing may be more beneficial to patients with bradyarrhythmias and sleep-disordered breathing.

Objective To evaluate the influence of integrated-CT artifacts on attenuation-corrected (AC) images of SPECT bone imaging. Methods Imaging documents of 78 patients who underwent SPECT/CT bone imaging were retrospectively analyzed, and the artifacts on CT images and CT attenuation maps were visually studied. Compared with the non-attenuation corrected (NC) images, the coefficient of variation (CV) and percentage difference (PD) of radioactive count of regional bone influenced by CT artifacts were calculated and statistically analyzed to estimate the influence of CT artifacts on AC images of SPECT bone imaging. Results The integrated-CT artifacts were found in 38 patients of 78, and appeared the same image findings as those on CT attenuation maps respectively, including truncation artifact, thoraco-abdominal gas artifact, photon starvation artifact, etc. On all the AC images with integrated-CT artifacts, regional bones were influenced not only on uniformity (CVAC 17.62%±4.13%, CVNC 11.19%±3.81%;t=2.13, P<0.05), but also by the distribution (PDAC 16.98%±3.31%, PDNC 9.84%±1.62%;t=2.46, P<0.05) of radioactive count. Conclusion Artifacts on integrated-CT images can induce false AC information on CT attenuation maps, therefore, a comparative analysis with NC images is recommended if necessary.

Objective To study whether Bay 11-7082,a nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-KB) inhibitor,could enhance the treatment efficacy of 131I on DTC in nude mice.Methods Total thyroid ablation nude mice models were prepared by intraperitoneal injection of 37 MBq 131I.The xenografted mice were divided into4 groups (18/group):131I group,Bay 11-7082 group,combination of 131I and Bay 11-7082 group and control group.Drug dosages were given as:intraperitoneal injection of 37 MBqT31I on day 1 in the 7th week in the 131I group; intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg Bay 11-7082 on day 1,2 and 3 in the 7th week in the Bay 11-7082 group; intraperitoneal injection of both 131I and Bay 11-7082 as above-mentioned in the combined treatment group; injection of saline in the control group.The xenografted tumor volume curves were drawn every 7 days.Pertechnetate imaging was performed before thyroid ablation.Post-ablative and post-therapeutic 131I whole body imaging was conducted.On day 7 in the 7th week,6 mice in each group were sacrificed and apoptotic staining was performed on excised xenograft tumors.Apoptosis index was determined as positive cells over total ceils × 100％.One-way analysis of variance and q test were performed for statistical analysis.Results Thyroid and stomach could be visualized on pertechnetate imaging before thyroid ablation.Post-ablative 131I imaging showed increased uptake by the thyroid gland.Post-therapeutic 131I imaging showed increased uptake by the malignant tumor lesions in both the 131I and combined groups.Tumor volume curves showed significant differences in volume changes among different methods of therapy from the end of the 8th week (F =11.91-246.56,all P ＜ 0.01).Combined treatment was more effective than single-therapies (q =3.36-14.99,all P ＜ 0.01).Apoptosis indices for the control group,131I group,Bay 11-7082 group and combined group were (0.28 ±0.15)％,(5.49 ±0.69)％,(6.82 ±0.72)％ and (16.21 ± 1.57) ％,respectively (F =304.40,P ＜ 0.01).Apoptosis index in the combined group was significantly higher than those in each single therapy group (q =15.33 and 13.33,both P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion NF-κB inhibition by Bay 11-7082 could effectively enhance the treatment efficacy of 131I on DTC.

Objective: To study the correlations between galectin-3, soluble ST2 (sST2) levels and chronic heart failure (CHF) classiifcation, traditional HF indicator and short-term death in relevant patients. Methods: This research included 2 groups: CHF group, containing 142 relevant patients treated in our hospital from 2014-02 to 2015-10 and Control group, containing 85 normal subjects from physical examination at the same period of time. Based on NYHA criterion, the patients were classiifed in NYHA grade II, III and IV respectively. Blood levels of N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide (NT-ProBNP), high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) and ultrasonic morphology were examined upon admission; protein expressions of galectin-3 and sST2 were assessed by ELISA. Results: The patients with NYHA grade III and IV had increased levels of galectin-3 and soluble sST2; galectin-3, sST2 were positively related to NT-ProBNP, hs-CRP and LVEDD, while negatively related to LVEF. Logistic regression analysis indicated that galectin-3 and sST2 were related to short-term death in CHF patients,P<0.05. Area under ROC curve of galectin-3 and sST2 for diagnosing CHF were 0.738 and 0.771,P<0.01. Conclusion: Galectin-3 and sST2 levels were related to traditional HF indicator and could be used for CHF diagnosis in relevant patients.

Objective To investigate the related risk factors for progress of the elderly frontal lobe contusions. Methods The clinical data of 118 cases of elderly frontal lobe contusions from August 2012 to August 2014 were retrospectivelyanalyzed.118 patients were given conventional therapy after admission,received dynamic review of brain CT.The progress of patients were performed surgery of frontal coronary approach,removed contusion brain tissue by bone flap of single frontal or double the frontal lobe.No progress of patients were given conventional conservative treat-ment.Selected seven indicators combining with hypertension,oral aspirin,diabetes mellitus,contrecoup injury,Cushing response,sylvian cistern exist or not and subdural hematoma did a statistical analysis.Results This group of 118 patients,68 cases (57.6%)had progress and 50 cases (42.4%)had no progress.Statistical analysis showed that oral aspirin (P =0.006 ),sylvian cistern exist or not (P =0.001 ),Cushing response (P =0.025 )were independent risk factors of progress of the elderly frontal lobe contusions.Conclusion For elderly patients with fron-tal lobe contusion,oral aspirin,sylvian cistern exist or not,whether there is any Cushing response were risk factors for deterioration of disease progression.If one or more risk factors appeared,clinical need to prevent disease progression.