Objective To investigate the effects of parathyroid hormone(PTH)on microinflammatory and nutritional status in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)patients.Methods Ninety-eight MHD patients were selected,who hod undergone hemodialysis for at least three months before the study and were in a stable clinical status without signs of infection or disease activity.The serum level of intact PTH was measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay(ECLIA),while the serum levels of interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The levels of C-reactive protein(CRP),albumin(Alb),pre-albumin(PA),hemoglobin(Hb)and lipids were measured.Body measurement and modified quantitative subjective global assessment(MQSGA)was done simultaneously.Correlation analysis between serum PTH level and the parameters for inflammation and nutrition Was performed.Results The serum levels of intact PTH in MHD patients[(353.46±102.41)ng/L]were significantly higher than those in the control people[(57.45±5.76)ng/L,P<0.01],and the serum levels of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,TNF-α and CRP were significantly higher in MHD patients than those in the control people(P<0.01 or <0.05).Relative body weight(RBW),triceps skin fold thickness(TSF),mid-arm circumference(MAC)and mid-arm muscle circumference(MAMC)in MHD patients decreased significantly(P<0.05 or <0.01),while the score of MQSGA increased markedly(P<0.01).The levels of intact PTH showed significantly positive correlations with the levels of CRP,IL-1β, IL-6,TNF-α, lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] , serum phosphorus and ages of MHD(P<0.05 or <0.01 ).The levels of intact PTH showed significantly negative correlations with RBW, MAC, MAMC, Alb, Hb and total cholesterol(TC) in MHD patients (P<0.01 or <0.05) . And there was also significantly positive correlation between PTH and MQSGA in MHD patients (P<0.05). Conclusion PTH is probably involved in the presence and the progression of malnutrition-inflammation-atherosclerosis syndrome in MHD patients.

ced glutathione in MHD patients appears to be associated with an improvement of oxidative stress.

Aim To determine the protective effects of IMD on ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury and its possible mechanism.Method Isolated rat hearts were perfused by Langendorff mode,and after 45 min global ischemia and 30 min reperfusion ventricular function was measured on a Power Lab,and adequate amount of ventricular tissues and perfusate were collected for biochemical measurement.Results Treatment with IMD during the reperfusion period significantly attenuated the effects of I/R on cardiac function inhibition and tissue injury.Compared with I/R group,IMD induced increase in △LVP,LV(dp/dtmax,HR and CF,whereas induced decrease in LVDP.Reperfusion with IMD exerted decrease in LDH,total protein,Mb and MDA content compared with I/R group,but increased myocardial cAMP content.All these values were similar to the effects of ADM.Furthermore,I/R induced significant increase in Bmax and Kd value.Conclusion IMD exerted beneficial effects on cardiac injury induced by I/R which might be mediated by cAMP pathway.And the cardioprotective effects of IMD were equal to ADM,a potent cytoprotective factor.

OBJECTIVE To design N dodecanol modified docetaxel(DTX) prodrug, prepare nanostructured lipid carrier(NLC) and investigate in vitro antitumor activity and in vivo pharmacodynamic. METHODS Nanostructured lipid carrier (DNLC) encapsulating n-dodecanol-modified DTX prodrug was prepared by ultrasonic method. The formulation was optimized by single-factor experiment and response surface optimization. The accumulated rates of DTX degraded from DNLC in different media was evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The morphology of DNLC was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The particle size and PDI of DNLC were determined by Malvern particle size analyzer. The long-term stability of the preparations was investigated. In vitro cytotoxicity of DNLC was measured by MTT method. In vivo pharmacodynamics of DNLC were performed in 4T1 tumor xenograft balb/c mice using saline and DTX-Sol as control. RESULTS n-Dodecanol-modified DTX prodrug was synthesized and used to prepare DNLC. The optimal formulation was as following: mass ratio of emulsifier to co-emulsifier (Km) of 1∶3, solid-liquid lipid ratio of 1.43∶1, drug-lipid ratio of 1∶10, the emulsifier concentration of 60 mg•mL-1, the temperature of 70 ℃ and the stirring speed of 800 r•min-1. DNLC had a round appearance and a uniform spherical shape. And the particle size and PDI remained substantially stable within 30 d. The accumulated rates of DTX degraded from DNLC in PBS (pH 7.4), PBS (pH 7.4) containing 10 mmol•L-1 DTT and 10 mmol•L-1 H2O2 was (9.07±0.01)%, (21.52±0.35)% and (96.72±4.12)% at 24 h, respectively. After incubation of DTX-Sol and DNLC with 4T1 cells for 72 h, IC50 of DTX-Sol and DNLC were (1.2±0.2) and (13.2±4.3)nmol•L-1, respectively. The cytotoxicity of DTX-Sol group was stronger than that of DNLC group. At the end of the pharmacodynamics, the tumor volumes of the mice in saline, DTX-Sol and DNLC groups were (1 930.39±215.20), (1 013.64±138.65), and (765.16±177.43)mm3, respectively. And the change percentage of body weight in saline, DTX-Sol and DNLC groups were (-19.69±4.44)%, (-14.85±3.61)% and (-2.61±1.70)%. There were significant differences in tumor volume and body weight between the DNLC and DTX-Sol group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The prepared DNLC shows good stability, redox sensitivity, obvious anti-tumor effect and lower toxicity. These RESULTS could provide a new experimental basis for the development of DTX prodrug loaded nano-drug delivery system.

AIM: In this study, we aimed to explore the alteration and pathophysiological significance of the L-arginine (L-Arg)/NOS/NO pathway in the adventitia of rats with sepsis. METHODS: Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Rat cardiac function was determined. NO generation, NOS activity and L-Arg transport were measured. The iNOS mRNA levels was determined by using RT-PCR. RESULTS: Cecal ligation and puncture induced severe sepsis with severe low glucose, high lacticemia and cardiac function inhibition. The iNOS activity was increased by 2.8-fold compared with controls (P

Objective To analyze the effect of compound Minwei on serum interleukin-4(IL-4),interferon-γ(IFN-γ)value in children with acute urticaria.Methods in our hospital from March 2015 to October 2016 received 148 cases of children with acute urticaria eczema,were randomly divided into study group and control group,74 cases in each group,study the application of compound chlorphenamine maleate and vitamin syrup for treatment,the control group were applied paeonol ointment treatment,curative effect,evaluation of children with symptoms before and after treatment respectively,and detection serum IL-4 and IFN-levels.Results before treatment,the two groups had no statistical significance with symptom score,serum IL-4,IFN-levels difference(P>0.05);after treatment,the clinical efficacy of the study group,serum IFN-γ levels higher than the control group,the serum level of IL-4 score,symptoms than the control group,the difference has statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion acute eczema urticaria children with compound Minwei syrup treatment,can significantly relieve the symptoms of children,improve the body immunity,promote children rehabilitation,has good treatment effect.

Based on the transcriptome data, we cloned the open reading frame of IiHCT gene from Isatis indigotica, and then performed bioinformatic analysis of the sequence. Further, we detected expression pattern in specific organs and hairy roots treated methyl jasmonate( MeJA) by RT-PCR. The IiHCT gene contains a 1 290 bp open reading frame( ORF) encoding a polypeptide of 430 amino acids. The predicted isoelectric point( pI) was 5.7, a calculated molecular weight was about 47.68 kDa. IiHCT was mainly expressed in stem and undetectable in young root, leaf and flower bud. After the treatment of MeJA, the relative expression level of IiHCT increased rapidly. The expression level of IiHCT was the highest at 4 h and maintained two fold to control during 24 h. In this study, cloning of IiHCT laid the foundation for illustrating the biosynthesis mechanism of phenylpropanoids in I. indigotica.
Acyltransferases ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Isatis ; chemistry ; classification ; enzymology ; genetics ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Quinic Acid ; metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Shikimic Acid ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of total flavonoids of epimedium (TFE) on the streptozocin (STZ)-induced kidney injury in diabetic rats and discuss the possible mechanism.

METHODSDiabetes was produced by a single injection of streptozocin (40 mg/kg, iv) in male SD rats. The rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10): control group, model group and TFE group (100 mg/kg, ig). Animals were sacrificed 12 weeks later. The level of blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) as well as the renal index were determined. Detect the specific biochemical of renal tissue: superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA). Use masson staining to observe the morphology of the renal tissue. Immunohistochemistry was employed to determine the protein levels of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1).

RESULTSCompared to control group, the enhancement of blood glucose, renal index, BUN and Cr was found in model group, which was significantly attenuated by treatment with TFE. Meanwhile, elevated MDA level in renal tissue as well as decreased SOD activities in renal tissue were significantly remitted by TFE. Furthermore, TFE decreased the expression of TGF-beta1.

CONCLUSIONTFE can evidently relieve renal damage in rats with diabetic nephropathy induced by STZ, which might be related to antioxidation and modulating the expression of TGF-beta1 protein.

Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; metabolism ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Epimedium ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo study pharmacokinetic effect of Aikeqing Granule (AG) by different medication ways on zidovudine (AZT) in highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART) of rats.

METHODSTotally 36 rats were administered with corresponding medications by gastrogavage, group I [HAART: AZT 31.5 mg/kg +3TC 31.5 mg/kg + Efavirenz (EFV) 63.0 mg/kg], group II (HAART+AG525 mg/kg), group III (HAART and AG 525 mg/kg after a 2-h interval). Drug concentrations of AZT were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (HPLC-MS) before HAART, and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 h after HAART, respectively. Pharmacokinetic parameters [such as t1/2, Tmax, Cmax, AUCo-t, plasma clearance rate (CL)] were calculated by DAS2.0 Software.

RESULTSThe-equation of linear regression of AZT was good, with the precision, coefficient of recovery, and stability definitely confirmed. AUC in group II and III was larger than that of group I. There was no statistical difference in t1/2, Tmax, Cmax, AUC0-12 h, or AUC0-∞ among groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAG combined HAART could enhance the Cmax of AZT.

Animals ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Benzoxazines ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Mass Spectrometry ; Rats ; Zidovudine ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of electrode impedance, THR/MCL values, and dynamic range (DR) in Combi 40+ cochlear implant after implantation. METHOD: A respective study was carried out collecting 20 consecutively implanted children's electrode impedances, THR/MCL values, and DR at seven time point during the first three years after implantation. Their variation and correlations were analyzed. RESULT: Overall, electrode impedances were lowest during the operation, and significantly rise to the highest at the first stimulation, then followed by a gradual decrease. After three months, electrode impedance of apical and medial cochlear segment were basically stable, while that of the basal segment was gradually increased. Dynamic range (DR) of apical and medial group electrode increased early after the operation and showed a stabilization from the second year, whereas that of basal group have a downward trend since the first year. However, the electric charge of each group increased significantly after three months, and then become stable after first year. Otherwise, a stronger negative rectilinear correlation was found between impedance changes with DR than with THR/MCL level. CONCLUSION The electrode impedances vary clue to different electrode position. Measuring the electrode impedance can effectively evaluate the working status of Combi C40+ cochlear implant. The dynamic range of the electrode was negatively correlated with the impedances, which made it possible to predict the width of the dynamic range by measuring the impedance 3 or 6 months after operation.
Auditory Threshold ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Electric Impedance ; Electrodes ; Female ; Hearing Loss ; physiopathology ; rehabilitation ; Humans ; Male