Objective To introduce the treatment of intraarticular calcaneal fractures with poor soft tissue using poking reduction combined with Ilizarov methods. Methods From September 2007 to September 2009,11 patients with the intraarticular calcaneal fractures were treated with poking reduction combined with Ilizarov methods,including 10 males and 1 female at average age of 33.6 years(range,21-50 years).Four patients had the left calcaneal fractures and seven with the right ones.According to Sander classification,there were seven patients with type II fractures,three with type III fractures and one with type IV fracture.The various extents of heel soft tissue injury were emerged in all the patients.Before operation,B(o)hler angle was 0°-12°(average 8°)and Gissane angle 70°-95°(average 80°).According to AO classification of close soft tissue injury,there were three patients with type IC2,six with type IC3,one with type IC5 and one with open soft tissue injury.The collapse of the articular surface was recovered by Steinmann pin which passed through the lateral calcaneal tubercle.The medial and lateral fracture fragments were corrected by using the tensed olive wires.The heighat and width were maintained by using the Ilizarov external fixation. Results The mean duration of follow-up was 13.3 months (range,6-20 months).All fractures were healed after mean duration for 8.1 weeks(range,7-10weeks).The postoperative B(o)hler angle was 20°-45°(average 33°)and Gissane angle 100°-118°(average 107°).According to Maryland Foot Score system,the result of postoperative function was excellent in seven patients,good in three and fair in one,with excellence rate of 91%. Conclusions For the intraarticular calcaneal fractures,the poking reduction combined with Ilizarov method is able to recover and maintain the normal calcaneal height and width and reduce postoperative wound infections and many other complications.specially for Sanders II or III with severe soft tissue injury in the open or closed calcaneal fractures.Master of surgical indications and operating poims can attain satisfactory clinical efficacy.

Objective To discuss the operative methods, timing and outcomes of severe open Pilon fractures. Methods From April 2003 to July 2008, 21 patients with open Pilon fractures were admitted. All the patients were type C fracture according to AO/OTA classification, including 17 cases of type C2 and 4 cases of type C3. According to Gustilo classification, there were 18 cases of type Ⅱ, 2 cases of type ⅢA, 1 case of type ⅢB. The patients were treated in two different ways: one-stage minimally invasive osteosynthesis for reconstruction of the articular surface with transarticular external fixation of the ankle (19 cases),which included 16 cases of Gustilo Ⅱ AO/OTA C2, 2 cases of type Gustilo Ⅱ AO/OTA C3 and 1 case of type Gustilo ⅢA AO/OTA C2. Formal open reconstruction of the articular surface by plating and external fixation was performed when the condition of soft tissue had improved (2 cases), which included 1 cases of type Gustilo ⅢA AO/OTA C3 and 1 cases of type Gustilo Ⅲ B AO/OTA C3. Results All the patients were followed up from 6 to 48 months, with the mean of 24 months. The outcome of reduction was evaluated by the Burwell-Charnley score. Anatomical reduction was found in 6 cases, function reduction was in 14 cases and poor reduction was 1 case. The heal-time ranged from 2.5 to 11 months, with the mean of 4.7 months. The delayed union occurred in 2 cases. The rate of delayed union was 9.5%. Two patients experienced skin superficial necrosis. There were superficial infection in 2 cases and deep infection in 1 case. The infection rate was 14.3%. Eight cases experienced early traumatic arthritis. The incidence of this complication was 38.1%.According to American Orthopedic Foot Ankle Society (AOFAS) scale for ankle joint, the result of the treatment was 66-94, with an average of 85.2. Conclusion It is important to have the optimal timing of surgery and reliable fixation according to fracture classification, the condition of soft tissue and time after injury. It is the key to evaluate the condition of soft tissue and protect the blood supply.

Objective To analyze nucleic acid sequence homology of the 6 kb(pYC) plasmid of Yersina. pestis (Y. pestis) isolated from Yurman by searching GenBank. Method The search of sequence similarity was accomplished with BLAST. Results The pYC plasmid sequence had high homology with some genes in nueleotide sequence, such as: 97.1% homology with Shigella sonnei pKYM, 92.1% homology with Haemophilus influenzae(H. influenzae) gene, Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) gene LT2 and plMVSI with 88.2% and 87.2% of homology respectively, Escherichia coli(E, coli) O157:H7 and K-12, ECOR31 with 81.4%, 81.4% and 84.7% of homology respectively. This plasmid ORFs could code for some proteins which were similar with others in GenBank, such as: ORFi and H. paragallinarum replication protein B(47.2%), ORF4 and E. coli hypothetical protein(52.7%), ORF5 and Y. pseudotuberculosis Tile (48.3%), ORF6 and E. coil Pilx5/VirB5-1ike protein (42.3%), Y. enterocolitica TriD protein(38.5%), ORFIO and S. typhimurium LT2, E. coli O157:H7 hypothetical protein(83.1% and 81.9%, respectively), ORF11 and E. coli, damage-inducible protein J(81.4%). Conclusions The pYC plasmid sequence has high homology with a few bacterial genes of Enterobacteriaceac. This plasmid may code for some proteins that are similar with hypothetical protein, damnge-indncible protein, TriD and TilE protein, Pilx5/VirB5-hke protein of Escherichia or Yersinia.

Invigorating blood and dissolving stasis method is a kind of unique therapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) treatment, which efficacy has become increasingly prominent in the treatment of ophthalmology.With the further studies of blood stasis and invigorating blood and dissolving stasis therapy, it is widely used in clinical ophthalmology, and get good effects beyond thought, especially when western medicine has no curative effects.It improved the cure rate of fundus oculi disease from the eyelids, conjunctiva, lacrimal sac, vitreous body to the choroid and retina, optic nerve and macula lutea, from surface to fundus, or pathological changes related to inflammation, degeneration, necrosis, atrophy, hyperplasia of fibrous tissue hyperplasia.This paper is aim to explain the definition of invigorating blood and dissolving stasis and make a review of basic research and clinical application about it in several diseases.

Humans ; Liver Function Tests ; methods ; Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin ; Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate

Multicomponent drug metabolism can be defined as a research area that, rather than pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, is a concerted dynamic metabolic variation of one component in several other compounds circumstance with the interaction of transport protein and drug metabolizing enzymes, and the study of the dynamic course of multiple components must be simultaneously determined. By the use of multicomponent drug metabolism in the clinical pharmacy research of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), it can become a useful tool with the integration of the overall dialectical method and the concrete molecular approach.
Biomedical Research ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Hepatitis B virus infection is a serious threat to human life and health. The approved anti-HBV drugs including interferons and nucleos(t)ide analogues have serious adverse effect, rebound phenomena after drug withdrawal, and drug resistance. And the cccDNA cannot be completely eliminated by both of them, which is the reason why a complete cure for hepatitis B cannot be achieved. Therefore, developing anti-HBV drugs directly targeting protein or nucleic acid of HBV remains a current public health priority. Based on the analysis of representative literature from the last decade, this article reviews recent developments in small molecule inhibitors directly targeting HBV from a medicinal chemistry perspective.

OBJECTIVETo develop a colon-specific prodrug of Indomethacin microbially triggered, carry out in vitro/in vivo evaluation of drug release, and appraise its inhibitory effect on liver metastasis from colon cancer.

METHODSIndomethacin prodrugs were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR, and dissolution test simulating gastrointestinal tract was employed to screen the colon-specific prodrug. Then, the pharmacokinetic profile of portal vein and peripheral blood in Sprague-Dawley rats was studied. Lastly, the inhibitory effect on liver metastasis from colon cancer in nude mice was observed.

RESULTSThe chemical structure characterized by FTIR and NMR demonstrated that six kinds of indomethacin-block-amylose with different drug loading (IDM-AM-1-6) were synthesized, among which IDM-AM-3 was degraded 1.3%, 9.3% and 95.3%, respectively, in simulated gastric fluid for 4 h, small intestine for 6 h, and colon for 36 h. The pharmacokinetic test of IDM-AM-3 showed that absorption was delayed significantly (P < 0.01), peak time [(11.35 + or - 2.45) h], elimination half-life [(16.74 + or - 4.04) h] and mean residence time [(22.27 + or - 0.52) h] were significantly prolonged (P < 0.01), as well as peak serum concentrations [(9.69 + or - 2.40) mg/L] and AUC(0-t) [(236.7 + or - 13.1) mg x L(-1) x h] were decreased markedly (P < 0.01) as compared with those of IDM regarding to portal vein. Additionally, its AUC(0-t) in peripheral blood was remarkably lower than that in Portal vein (P < 0.01). The tumor suppression observation showed that it could remarkably reduce the number of liver metastases in contrast to IDM (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONColon-specific IDM-AM-3 possesses advantage of sustained release in portal vein providing some experimental basis for colon-specific delivery system applied to sustained release in the portal vein.

Amylose ; administration & dosage ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacokinetics ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Colon ; metabolism ; Colonic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Delivery Systems ; HT29 Cells ; Humans ; Indomethacin ; administration & dosage ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacokinetics ; therapeutic use ; Liver Neoplasms ; prevention & control ; secondary ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Prodrugs ; administration & dosage ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacokinetics ; therapeutic use ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of metformin on epididymal sperm quality and antioxidant function of the testis in diet-induced obesity rats.

METHODSThirty-two male SD rats were fed on high-fat food for 8 weeks to make obesity models, and another 8 were included as normal controls. Twenty-four of the model rats were equally randomized into a model control group to be fed continuously on high-fat food, a metformin group to be fed on normal food with metformin, and a normal food group. By the end of the 12th week, all the rats were killed for the determination of Lee's index, the organ coefficients of the testis and epididymis, epididymal sperm concentration, sperm motility, grade a + b sperm percentage, and the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the testicular homogenate.

RESULTSLee's index was significantly increased in the model control group (P < 0.01) as compared with the other three. Lee's index was markedly higher in the normal control than in the metformin group (P < 0.05). The organ coefficients of the testis and epididymis were significantly decreased in the model control group (P < 0.01) as compared with the other three. Sperm concentration and motility and the percentage of a + b sperm were significantly decreased in the model control in comparison with the other three groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Sperm concentration was remarkably higher in the normal control than in the metformin and normal food groups (P < 0.05). The content of SOD (U/mg prot) was significantly lower in the model control (90.92 +/- 4.06) than in the normal control and metformin groups (101.69 +/- 8.49 and 102.04 +/- 10.67) (P < 0.05); that of GSH-Px (U) obviously higher in the normal control (28.32 +/- 2.28) than in the model control (23.49 +/- 1.08, P < 0.01), the metformin (25.73 +/- 2.14, P < 0.05) and the normal food group (25.77 +/- 2.19, P < 0.05), but evidently lower in the model control than in the metformin group (P < 0.05); and that of MDA (nmol/mg prot) significantly higher in the model control (2.68 +/- 0.76) than in the normal control (1.84 +/- 0.31, P < 0.01), the metformin (1.88 +/- 0.33, P < 0.01), and the normal food group (2.14 +/- 0.35, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMetformin therapy and improved diet could improve sperm quality and promote the antioxidant ability of the testis in diet-induced obesity rats.

Animals ; Epididymis ; drug effects ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; analysis ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; analysis ; Metformin ; pharmacology ; Obesity ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa ; drug effects ; Superoxide Dismutase ; analysis ; Testis ; drug effects ; enzymology

Phytase gene of Aspergillus niger 963 was cloned into baculovirus transfer vector. DNA of the recombinant vector was co-transfected with Bm-BacPAK6 DNA into BmN cells, and recombinant virus was selected by plaque assays. The recombinant virus was identified by Dot blot and Southern-blot with the specific probe for phytase gene. Phytase gene was expressed in silkworm larvae and pupae. The expression product was 1.43 g/L haemolymph for silkworm larvae and 1.90 g/L haemolymph for pupae, respectively. The enzymic characteristicses of phytase expressed in baculovirus-expression system were studied in this paper.
6-Phytase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Aspergillus niger ; enzymology ; genetics ; Blotting, Southern ; Bombyx ; genetics ; metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Fungal Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration