Objective To survey the highly risk iodine deficiency regions of Shandong Province and to provide reference basis for further executing urgent iodine supply. Methods The annual document of cretinism in Licheng District in Jinan City and Shouguang City, the two iodine deficiency regions, were referred. Forty children aged 8-10 years of 2 targeted schools from 3 towns out of every targeted region underwent palpation, ultrasonography and As3+-Ce4+catalyzing speetrophotometry for ultra iodine examination. Twenty women aged 18-40 years from 2 villages sampled from every targeted town received ultra iodine examination and edible salt examination of iodine with direct titration. Results No new cretinism and suspected cretinism was found since 1995 in the regions. The goiter rates of children of the two regions detected with palpation and ultrasonography were 7.5% (18/241),6.2% (15/241) and 5.0% (13/259), 1.2% (3/259), respectively. Two hundred forty and 249 urine samples were respectively collected in school children, in which the median urinary iodine was 226.3,282.7 μg/L. One hundred twenty urine samples were respectively collected from the two group of women, resulting a median urinary iodine of 187.2,321.7 μg/L. Eight and 2 salt samples were free of iodine in 120 salt samples collected each region, respectively. The rate of qualified iodized salt was 100%. Conclusions It is not necessary to urgently implement iodine supply in Shouguang City and Licheng District. However, reinforcement of supervise on salt industry and eliminating the hazard from non-iodized and disqualified iodized salt remains in need.

Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) is a cytoplasm soluble protein with a high conserved structure. It has been approved recently that PEBP is a multifunctional molecule regulating several important cellular signal pathways, including ERK cascade, NF-κB pathway, and signaling of G protein-coupled receptors. Furthermore, the role of PEBP in tumor metastasis also got a comprehensive attention in the field of clinical cancer research. Together, as a signal regulator at multiple paths in cell, PEBP is becoming a new focus in several research fields. This review is aimed to introduce the newest biological progress on PEBP.
Humans ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; NF-kappa B ; physiology ; Neoplasms ; Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein ; physiology ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; physiology ; Signal Transduction

OBJECTIVETo investigate and compare the expression pattern and level of targeted anti-caries plasmids encoding different-size antigens in eukaryotic cells.

METHODSThe A-P fragment of PAc (surface protein antigen) was removed from pGJA-P encoding the signal peptide, extracellular domains of human CTLA-4, human Ig hinge, CH2 and CH3 domains, A-P fragment of PAc and GLU (glucan binding domain) region of GTF-I of Streptococcus mutans, to obtain the plasmid pGJGLU. pCI vector skeleton of pGJA-P or pGJGLU was replaced by pVAX1 to construct plasmids pGJA-P/VAX and pGJGLU/VAX. CTLA4-Ig-GLU fragment was removed from pGJGLU and inserted into the vector pEGFP-N1 to obtain the recombinant plasmid pGJGLU/GFP. The CHO cells were transfected with those plasmids by using liposome and the expression of fusion protein was observed with fluorescence microscope. ELISA was used to detect the expression level of fusion proteins in cultured supernatants.

RESULTSSpecific vesicles with green fluorescence could be observed in the CHO cells transfected with pGJGLU/GFP. The recombinant fusion protein could be detected in the cultured supernatants of CHO cells transfected with pGJA-P/VAX, pGJGLU/VAX and pGJGLU/GFP, of which the concentration was different. The highest concentration of recombinant fusion protein was observed in the supernatants of CHO cells transfected with pGJGLU/VAX.

CONCLUSIONSCTLA-4 targeted fusion protein could be expressed and secreted by eukaryotic cells. The size of antigen may affect the expression level of CTLA-4 targeted anti-caries DNA vaccine.

Animals ; Antigens, CD ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Cricetinae ; Dental Caries ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; Vaccines, DNA ; genetics ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo construct and detect the targeted anti-caries fusion DNA vaccine pGJA-P encoding the A-P fragment of pac, glu fragment of gtfB and extracellular region of the human CTLA4 and the Fc region of human Iggamma(1) gene for the targeting antigen to APC.

METHODSThe extracellular region of the human CTLA4 and the Fc region of human Iggamma(1) genes were amplified by RT-PCR from human lymphocytes, and the genes were cloned into pUC(m-T) vector respectively. After sequencing, Fc region of human Iggamma(1) gene was cloned to the downstream of CTLA4 gene fragment as the recombinant plasmid pGJ. The fusion gene was then inserted into the plasmid pGLUA-P to get the recombinant plasmid pGJA-P. The CHO cells were transfected with liposome and the expression of fusion protein in cultured supernatants were detected using Western blotting.

RESULTSThe plasmids pGJ and pGJA-P carried the CTLA4-Ig fusion gene and CTLA4-Ig fusion gene, A-P fragment of pac gene and glu fragment of gtfB gene respectively. The expressed protein could response to specific anti-PAc antibody.

CONCLUSIONThe targeted fusion anti-caries DNA vaccine pGJA-P is constructed successfully and expressed in eukaryotic cells correctly.

Animals ; Antigens, CD ; Antigens, Differentiation ; genetics ; immunology ; CHO Cells ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Cricetinae ; Dental Caries ; prevention & control ; Glucosyltransferases ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Streptococcus mutans ; genetics ; immunology ; Vaccines, DNA ; genetics ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo test the salivary immunoglobulin A antibody activity to Streptococcus mutans in normal with in acid environment.

METHODSStreptococcus mutans strains were isolated from 20 volunteers, serotyped by biochemical test and PCR, and genotyped by AP-PCR. Unstimulated secretions from submandibular glands and sublingual glands were collected from volunteers by modified collectors. Each identified Streptococcus mutans genotype was cultured in two groups: control group was cultured in BHI broth pH7.2 at 37 degrees C for 2 h; acid shock group were cultured in TYEG broth (pH5.5) at 37 degrees C for 2 h. Analysis of SIgA activity to Streptococcus mutans genotypes in different groups was detected by Western blot.

RESULTS(1) The SIgA of each individual could response to his own Streptococcus mutans strains and the reference strains; (2) The same individual had different SIgA activity to different genotype strains; (3) There were no significant difference between acid groups and control groups, in spite that some bands had strong or weak intensity.

CONCLUSIONSAlthough Streptococcus mutans could express acid shock proteins in stress, the present study suggests that these new proteins have no qualitative effect on the reaction of SIgA to Streptococcus mutans.

Adult ; Dental Plaque ; immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory ; immunology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Saliva ; immunology ; Streptococcus mutans ; immunology ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo detect the immunoreactivity of targeted fusion anti-caries DNA vaccine pGJA-P in vitro, and the ability to enhance the immune responses compared with the non-targeted fusion anti-caries DNA vaccine pGLUA-P.

METHODSThe CHO cells were transfected with pGJA-P and the expression of recombinant protein in cultured supernatants were detected using Western blotting. 5 to 6-month-old female Japanese rabbits were immunized with either pGJA-P or pGLUA-P via either intramuscular injection (i.m.) or intranasal route (i.n.). The sera and saliva were collected and the antibody responses were checked by ELISA. The effect of immune sera on the synthesis of water-insoluble glucan by glucosyltransferase of S. mutans was examined.

RESULTSThe expressed protein could response to specific anti-GTF antibody. The antibody responses in serum generated by pGJA-P via i.m. were significantly higher than those generated by pGLUA-P (P < 0.01). The antibody responses in saliva generated by pGJA-P via i.n. were significantly higher than those generated by pGLUA-P (P < 0.01). The higher mucosal antibody response induced by pGJA-P via i.m. compared with pGLUA-P (P < 0.01) was detected. The immune sera of rabbits immunized by pGJA-P via i.m. most significantly inhibited the synthesis of water-insoluble glucan by glucosyltransferase.

CONCLUSIONSThe recombinant protein expressed by pGJA-P had the immunoreactivity to anti-GTF antibody. pGJA-P could induce faster and higher specific mucosal SIgA antibody responses via i.n. or serum IgG antibody responses via i.m. compared with non-targeted DNA vaccine, pGLUA-P. High titres of specific mucosal antibodies were found in rabbits immunized with pGJA-P via i.m. The immune sera of rabbits immunized by pGJA-P via i.m. displayed the ability of inhibiting the synthesis of water-insoluble glucan by glucosyltransferase.

Animals ; Bacterial Proteins ; immunology ; CHO Cells ; Cricetinae ; Dental Caries ; prevention & control ; Female ; Glucosyltransferases ; immunology ; metabolism ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; immunology ; Rabbits ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; administration & dosage ; immunology ; Streptococcus mutans ; immunology ; Transfection ; Vaccines, DNA ; administration & dosage ; immunology

The objective of this study was to explore the incidence and therapeutic efficacy of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The clinical data of 140 patients undergoing allo-HSCT in our department of hematology from 2010-01 to 2012-01 were retrospectively analyzed. The results showed that the incidence of CMV infection was 4.3% (48/140), the time for the first detection of positive CMV-DNA was at day 45 (33 to 68) after allo-HSCT, and the CMV quantitative range was 1.25×10(3) - 5.5×10(6). There were 2 cases of CMV-related interstitial pneumonia and 5 cases of hemorrhagic bladder inflammation. A total of 65 patients suffered from graft versus host disease (GVHD), in which 32 cases (49.2%) were accompanied with CMV infection, CMV-DNA negative in patients treated with ganciclovir, foscarnet sodium anti-CMV was at day 45 (33 to 68) with the effective rate of 100%. 12 patients with CMV infection were accompanied with transient neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. It is concluded that after allo-HSCT the CMV infection occurs frequently. The patients with GVHD have a higher incidence of CMV infection. Ganciclovir and foscarnet sodium are reliable to be used for treatment of CMV infection with fewer adverse reactions.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Female ; Foscarnet ; therapeutic use ; Ganciclovir ; therapeutic use ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo construct human-SCID chimeric mice through implantation of mononuclear cells from human cord blood and study the immunoreaction of SCID-Hu IC mice immunized with rAd5HPV16L1-E7 vaccine.

METHODS(1) Experiment groups were injected with the suspension of mononuclear cells from human cord blood through a tail vein; the control ones were injected with non serum RPMI 1640 medium. Eight weeks after implantation, blood was collected and human serum IgG level in the mice were tested, and human CD45, CD3 and CD19 were determined. (2) SCID-Hu IC mice were divided into two groups: in group A the mice were immunized intraperitoneally with rAd5HPV16L1-E7 virus and in group B the mice were immunized through nasal drip with rAd5HPV16L1-E7 virus. At the end of fourth week, the serum specific IgG antibody to rAd5HPV16L1-E7 virus, IFN-gamma in culture medium of spleen lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte propagation were tested.

RESULTS(1) In the experiment groups, the number of mice positive for human IgG was 10/15, the average values of CD45, CD3 and CD19 were (9.39+/-4.21), (3.25+/-3.99) and (1.69+/-0.75), respectively. In the control ones, the human IgG, CD45, CD3 and CD19 were negative. (2) The results in the experiment groups showed that the IFN-gamma and T-lymphocyte stimulated by HPV16 protein were higher than those in the non-stimulated group (P less than 0.05).

CONCLUSION(1) The results indicated that the construction of human-SCID chimaera through the implantation of mononuclear cells from human cord blood into SCID mice was successful. They also indicated that the reconstructed SCID-Hu IC mice has the ability to produce immune response against rAd5HPV16L1-E7 recombinant virus.

Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Animals ; Antigens, CD19 ; blood ; CD3 Complex ; blood ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; transplantation ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Interferon-gamma ; metabolism ; Leukocyte Common Antigens ; blood ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; genetics ; immunology ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral ; genetics ; immunology ; Papillomaviridae ; genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; T-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; Viral Vaccines ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo observe the expression of a targeted fusion anticaries DNA vaccine pGJA-P in situ. To compare the levels of specific antibodies and anticaries efficacy generated by pGJA-P and pGLUA-P, a fusion anticaries DNA vaccine.

METHODSpGJA-P was administrated intramuscularly or intranasally to rats, and the expression of recombinant protein was detected by immunohistochemistry technique. Wistar rats were fed a cariogenic diet and orally infected with S. mutans, then immunized with pGJA-P or pGLUA-P via the intramuscular or intranasal route. All rats received a booster immunization 2 weeks later. At the termination of the experiment, blood and saliva samples were collected for assay of antibodies by ELISA and jaws were obtained for caries evaluation by the Keyes method.

RESULTSRecombinant protein could be detected in muscle in intramuscularly immunized rats and in nasal mucosa in intranasally immunized rats. Rats immunized intramuscularly with pGJA-P had significantly higher serum IgG levels than others (P < 0.01). Rats immunized intranasally or intramuscularly with pGJA-P had significantly higher salivary IgA levels than others (P < 0.01). Keyes scores of pGJA-P groups were significantly lower than those of pGLUA-P groups and pCI groups (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSpGJA-P could be correctly expressed in vivo. pGJA-P generated increased humoral immune response and anticaries efficacy compared with pGLUA-P.

Animals ; Bacteriocin Plasmids ; immunology ; Dental Caries ; prevention & control ; Female ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; immunology ; Streptococcus mutans ; immunology ; Vaccines, DNA ; immunology

Objective To evaluate the application of 43-plex SNP typing system in forensic science. Methods The typing of 43 SNP loci in 123 unrelated Han individuals from East China was detected by MALDI-TOF-MS. The application value of 43-plex SNP typing system was assessed according to the foren-sic parameters of population genetics. Results All the 43 SNP loci of 123 individuals showed no signifi-cant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). Excepted rs1355366, rs2270529, rs10776839 and rs938283, there were 39 SNP loci had minor allele frequencies (MAF), which were greater than 0.25. Among the 25 loci MAFs, 24 ranged from 0.4 to 0.5, while 3 were close to 0.4. The DP, CDP, PIC, Ho, PEtrio and PEduo of the 43 SNP loci were 0.2901-0.6544, 1-9.8×10-11, 0.1708-0.5000, 0.1557-0.5935, 0.0854-0.2500 and 0.0146-0.1250, respectively. The CPEtrio and CPEduo were 0.999986 and 0.9924361, respectively. Conclusion The 43-plex SNP typing system in present study shows a high polymorphism, which can be an effective supplement and verification for traditional STR genetic markers. It also can be used with other commercial kits for the forensic paternity testing and individual identification.