The core problem of the brain-computer interface (BCI) based on neural signal is estimating neural firing rate from a spike train and then using neural population decoding algorithm to decode movement trajectory.In this artical, we review the theoretical basis of both classic and current firing rate estimations and compare the advantages and drawbacks of these methods. At the same time we also review the decoding algorithm which using neural firing rate to decode movement trajectory in brain- computer interface: population vector algorithm, linear filter and kalman filter. At last, some results applying these estimators of firing rate to decode arm movement in BCI are introduced. The results show apparently different performance of the different firing rate estimators, while minimal differences are observed in the actual application of BCI.

Objective To prove into the effect of parental involvement in nursing to discharged children with metabolic syndrome.Methods Forty-six children with metabolic syndrome were equally divided into the observation group and the control group according to the order of admittance.Both groups accepted health education,guide to lifestyle and so on.After leaving hospital,the observation group accepted parental involvement in nursing,while the control group accepted physical examination regularly.Then the lifestyles,physical indicators,blood pressure and biochemical indicators of both groups were compared.Results The lifestyle of the observation group was significantly greater than that of the control group(All P<0.01).The observation group had greater declines in waist,blood pressure,TC,TG and LDL-C and a greater increase in HDL-C than those of the control group.Conclusions Parental involvement in nursing can improve the lifestyle of children patients,which is good for the declines of their weigh and blood lipid.This treatment can achieve the goal of control and treatment of children metabolic syndrome.

30%-50% patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)will occur cerebral metastasis in the course of their illnesses.NSCLC with brain metastases is one of the difficulties in cancer treatment. Treatment measures include surgery,radiotherapy,chemotherapy,biological targeted therapy and so on.The new prognostic scoring system is recommended to predict the prognosis of patients.Individualized treatment methods should be chosen according to prognostic score.

Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Exercise ; Humans ; Physical Fitness

To explore the effective components represented by fingerprint contributed to allelopathic effect of different Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous concentration on seeds and seedlings of radish, grey relational analysis was used to establish the chromatography-efficacy relation. The results show that 15 peaks devote high allelopathic contribution to radish seeds and seedlings. The study will provide a new concept for allelochemicals screening and study.
Allelopathy ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Pheromones ; analysis ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Raphanus ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; metabolism

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Ningmitai capsule combined with Tolterodine in the treatment of overactiver bladder after transurethral resection of the prostate(TURP).Methods 63 TURP patients with bladder disease (OAB) in our hospital from October 2012 to October 2012 were selected and randomly divided into a treatment group (n=32) and a control group (n=31). From the date of operation, the control group was treated with tolterodine 2 mg, 2 times a day, while the treatment group was additional treated with Ningmitai capsule 4mg, 3 times a day based on the control group. All patients stopped to take medicine 5 days after catheter removal. The pain frequency and duration of bladder spasm after TURP in catheterization period and the urine volume per time, the number of urgent incontinence, and the number of urgent micturition average day in automatic micturition period were scored by OABSS.Results The number of bladder spasm in the first postoperative day(3.5 ± 0.5vs.4.4 ± 0.8,t=2.650), the second day(1.5 ± 0.9vs.1.8 ± 0.2,t=2.350) and the third day (0.4 ± 1.6vs. 1.1 ± 1.8,t=2.210) of the treatment group were all less than the control group (P>0.05). The 24 h average frequency of urination after catheter removal (6.2 ± 1.3vs. 9.4 ± 1.8,t=2.710), the average number of nocturia (1.5 ± 0.4vs. 3.9 ± 1.0,t=2.580), the average number of 24h urinary urgency (1.1 ± 0.3vs. 3.2 ± 0.8,t=2.660), the average number of incontinence in 24 h (0.5 ± 0.2vs. 2.4 ± 0.6,t=2.700) and OABSS total score  (4.6 ± 1.2vs. 6.9 ± 2.1,t=2.470) of the treatment group were all better than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Ningmitai capsule combined with tolterodine in the treatment of overactiver bladder after TURP has significant clinical effect, helping patients recovery and improving quality of life.

Objective To test red cells of bone marrow and hematopoietic cells of rats with liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome in different time period;To discuss the change rules in the blood system. Methods Rat models with liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome were made by composite method of anger by restraint stress, clipping tails, over fatigue, and abnormal diet. The hemogram, red cells of bone marrow, marrow nucleated red blood cells, stem cell factor, and erythropoietin of male rats in normal group and model group were detected at 2nd, 6th and 9th weeks. Results Compared with normal group, hematokrit and metarubricyte in model group of 2 weeks was higher in the model group (P<0.05);erythropoietin in model group of 6 weeks decreased (P<0.01);red cell counts, red protein level, hemoglobin, hematokrit, and erythropoietin in model group of 9 weeks were lower (P<0.05);red cell counts, hemoglobin, hematokrit, prorubricyte, metarubricyte, and erythropoietin in model group of 6 and 9 weeks were significantly lower than those in model group of 2 weeks (P<0.05, P<0.01). The number of marrow nucleated red blood cells in model group of 2 weeks decreased (P<0.05). Stem cell factor showed no significant difference. Conclusion The rats with liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome can increase the number of red blood cells in a short time when they suffer from stress stimulation, so that they can fight the damage factors. But long-term stress stimulation will lead the rats to anemia, which may be associated with the reduction of erythropoietin.

SUMMARY In this article , different methods to deal with teeth fractures were discussed by presenting a case of traumatic crown-root fracture in the anterior esthetic zone .The traumatic crown-root fracture is a common problem in clinic .When a fracture line locates in close proximity to or below the alveolar bone crest , the fracture most likely involve the junctional epithelium and the connective tissue attachment .This type of fracture becomes a challenge for restorative dentists because it involves biologic , functional , and es-thetic considerations , especially when the fracture occurs in an esthetic area .In this case , a young patient presented with two fractured upper anterior teeth to the Department of Periodontics , Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology .After the comprehensive clinical evaluation , the right central incisor was decided to extract for implant therapy and the right lateral incisor was decided to retain by one modified crown lengthening surgery .The most common technique applied to save a retained root is a clinical crown lengthening procedure .However , the aggressive alveolar bone resection of both target and adjacent teeth to reestablish the bone width and periodontal health may compromise functional and esthetic outcomes .To re-duce loss of excessive osseous tissue during osteotomy procedure , the modified crown lengthening of the right lateral incisor was performed , including minor bone resection and root reshaping .Regarding the right central incisor , the retained root was all located below the alveolar bone crest .The extraction and implant procedure , combined with guided bone graft were performed to avoid the damage to neighbor teeth during traditional restorative therapy and to reshape a preferable buccal contour .At the last visit , the patient was recalled with healthy periodontium , normal tooth function and favorable esthetic results .

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of the Helicobacter pylori stool antigen (HpSA) test for detection of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection before and after treatment in children.Methods stool specimens were collected from 62 consecutive patients (4-17 years) who received 13 C-urea breath test( 13C-UBT) and/or gastroscopy for gastrointestinal symptom and 31 patients after radical cure of Hp who received 13 C-UBT within 2 days.The evaluation of Hp status was defined as positive when 13 C-UBT were positive and gastroscopic biopsy were positive.Results The sensitivity of HpSA test for the diagnosis of Hp using a cutoff value of 0.121 was 92.30% and its specificity and accuracy was 91.30% and 91.94%,respectively.sensitivity was 83.33% and its specificity was 88.00% and accuracy was 87.10% after radical cure of Hp.Conclusions The precision ratio of HpSA test is higher to diagnose Hp infection before the radical cure in children.Sensitivity and specificity after the radical cure are lower than before.

Objective\ To detect thrombomodulin protein in 18 weeks human fetal lung. Methods\ SP method was used in the study. Results\ It showed that, in fetal lung tissues, thrombomodulin expressed in the endothelial cells of capillaries surrounding the primary alveoli, but it was absent in cuboid cells and ciliated\|columnary epithelium cells and cartilage. Conclusion\ Our results suggest that thrombomodulin does not exist in middle and late stage's human fetal lung.\;