Objective To assess the diagnostic value of magnetic source imaging(MSI) in the preoperative localization of focal cortical dysplasia(FCD). Methods Eighty-two patients with intractable epilepsy resulting from FCD undergone preoperative assessment including MSI, video electroencephalography(VEEG) and electrocorticography(ECoG)from February 2006 to June 2012.The consistency between pre- and intra-surgical assessment was evaluated. For patients who had consistent results,postoperative curative effect was also recorded. The accuracy and predictive values of noninvasive preoperative tests were compared by χ2 test. Results For MSI and ECoG, their results were consistent in 57 cases, partially consistent in 14 cases, and inconsistent in 11 cases. In the postoperative follow-up of 57 patients with consistent results, there were 46 cases with Engel class Ⅰ, 3 cases with Engel class Ⅱ, 4 cases with Engel class Ⅲ, and 4 cases with Engel class IV. For VEEG and ECoG, the results were consistent in 43 cases, partially consistent in 33 cases, inconsistent in 6 cases.The postoperative follow-up showed that 27 cases were graded as Engel classⅠ, 5 cases as Engel classⅡ,7 cases as Engel classⅢ, and 4 cases as Engel class IV. There were statistically significant differences(χ2=5.023,P=0.025)of the concordance rate with ECoG between MSI(69.51%,57/82)and VEEG(52.44%,43/82). In the postoperative follow-up of patients with consistent results, the curative effect was better in group MSI than in group VEEG (χ2=3.989,P=0.046). Conclusions Preoperativelocalization by MSI shows advantage over VEEG, which meanswhen it achieves an agreement with ECoG, patients with FCD may get better prognosis from the surgical process.

Objective To investigate the effect of 12-lipoxygenase(12-LO) on the p27Kip1 expression in diabetic glomeruli. Methods Mesangial cells were exposed to 12-LO product 12 (S)-HETE (10-7 mmol/L) with or without p38 MAPK (p38) inhibitor (SB203580, 1 μmol/L) for 24 hours. Rats fed with high fat diet received low dose streptozotoein (ST-Z, 35 mg/kg, IP injection) to develop type 2 diabetes and were divided into 2 groups: low dose STZ, low dose STZ+12-LO inhibitor cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy-α-cynanocinnamate (CDC, 8 mg/kg) treatment. Rats fed with regular chow were divided into two groups: controls, CDC treatment. The rats received injection of CDC or vehicle subcutaneously in the hind leg. CDC or vehicle injection was performed three times weekly on alternate days. All the rats were sacrificed after 4 weeks, Wild type and 12-LO knockout C57BL/6 mice were divided into 4 groups: wild type control, 12-LO knockout, STZ-induced wild type type 1 diabetes and STZ-induced 12-LO knockout type 1 diabetes. All the mice were sacrificed after 16 weeks. Urine, blood, kidney cortical tissue and isolated glomeruli by sieving method were collected at the end of study respectively. Western blot and immunohistochemistry for target protein were performed respectively. Results Inhibition of p38 activation could significantly reduce p27Kip1 expression induced by 12 (S)-HETE in mesangial cells (P<0.01). Increased glomerular volume, microalbuminuria, elevated glomeluli p38 activation, p27Kip1 expresssion in type 2 diabetic glomeruli was decreased after CDC treatment (P<0.01). Compared with wild type diabetic mice, glomerular p38 activation, p27Kip1 exprcsssion and extracellular matrix accumulation in the 12-LO knockout diabetic mice were significantly decreased (P <0.01, respectively). Conclusions 12-LO induces p27kipl expression via p38 pathway in diabetic glomeruli.

Objective To investigate the effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) on nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression in the renal tissues of rabbits with endotoxic shock-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and the relationship with p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) signaling pathway.Methods Seventy male New Zealand white rabbits,weighing 1.5-2.0 kg,aged 2 months,were randomized into 7 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table:normal control group (C group),endotoxic shock-induced AKI group (AKI group),EA + endotoxic shock-induced AKI group (EA group),non-acupoints + endotoxic shock-induced AKI group (SA group),EA + endotoxic shock-induced AKI + specific p38MAPK blocker SB203580 group (EAS group),SB203580 group (S group),and ethanol group (A group).EA (intensity 1-2 mA,frequency 2/100 Hz,wave length 0.2-0.6 ms) of Zusanli and Shenyu lasting for 15 min was performed once a day for 5 consecutive days in EA and EAS groups.In SA group,EA was performed at the points 0.5 cm lateral to the acupoints of bilateral Zusanli and Shenyu using the parameters of EA mentioned above.At 24 h after the last EA,endotoxic shock-induced AKI was induced by injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 5 mg/kg (in 2 ml normal saline) in AKI,EA,SA and EAS groups,while the equal volume of normal saline was given in the other groups.At 30 min before the model was established,5/μmol/kg SB203580 (in 0.5 ml ethanol) was injected intravenously in EAS and S groups,while ethanol 0.5 ml was given in A group and the equal volume of normal saline was given in the other groups.Blood samples were obtained at 6 h after administration of LPS or normal saline for determination of serum urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) concentrations.The animals were sacrificed and kidney specimens were obtained for microscopic examination of pathological changes which were scored and for measurement of Nrf2 protein expression and phosphorylation of p38MAPK (by Western blot) and Nrf2 mRNA expression (using fluorescent quantitative PCR).Results Compared with C group,the pathological score and serum BUN and Cr concentrations were significantly increased,and Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression was up-regulated in AKI,EA,SA and EAS groups,the phosphorylation of p38MAPK was increased in AKI,EA and SA groups,and no significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned above in S and A groups.Compared with AKI group,the pathological score and serum BUN and Cr concentrations were significantly decreased,and Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression was up-regulated in EA and EAS groups,the phosphorylation of p38MAPK was increased in EA group,the phosphorylation of p38MAPK was decreased in EAS group,and no significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned above in SA group.Compared with EA group,the pathological score and serum BUN and Cr concentrations were significantly increased,Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression was down-regulated,and the phosphorylation of p38MAPK was decreased in EAS group.Conclusion The mechanism by which EA mitigates endotoxic shock-induced AKI may be related to activation of p38MAPK signaling pathway and up-regulation of Nrf2 expression in renal tissues of rabbits.

AIM:To observe the structural basis of ocular motility abnormalities in patients with congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles type Ⅰ ( CFEOM Ⅰ) due to missense mutations in the developmental kinesin KIF21A using high - resolution magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) .
METHODS: Totally 11 affected individuals reported KIF21A mutations were correlated with MRI studies demonstrating extraocular muscles ( EOMs ) size, location, contractility, and innervation. EOMs and the motor nerve in the orbits were imaged with T1 weighted in a triplanar scan using a dual-phased coils with 2. 0mm thick. Motor nerves were imaged at the brainstem using head coils and 3D-FIESTA with 0. 6-mm thick.
RESULTS: Patients with CFEOM Ⅰ exhibited different degrees of hypoplasia of oculomotor nerve, the abducens nerve and the trochlear nerve were also affected, of which 8 cases of orbital section could see the signal of abnormal nerve dominated by oculomotor nerve to lateral rectus. The both sides of six EOMS in all patients exhibited variable atrophy and abnormal bright internal signal on T1 imaging, particularly severe for the superior rectus and levator muscles.
CONCLUSION: High - resolution MRI can directly demonstrate pathology of motor nerves,affected EOMs, and ‘Pulley' hypoplasia caused by CFEOM Ⅰ due to mutations in KIF21A,and these findings suggest that the neuronal hypoplasia is the etiological factor of CFEOM.

Objective To evaluate the role of protein kinase Cα (PKCα)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway in endotoxin-induced damage to alveolar macrophages and the relationship with mitofusin-1 (Mfn1) in rats.Methods Rat alveolar macrophages NR8383 cells cultured in vitro were seeded in 96-well plates at a density of 1 × 104 cells/ml.NR8383 cells were divided into 5 groups (n =15 each)using a random number table:control group (group C),endotoxin challenge model group (group E),PKCα inhibitor Go6976 group (group G),PKCα agonist PMA group (group P) and dimethyl sulfoxide group (group D).NR8383 cells were stimulated with 10 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish the model of endotoxin challenge in alveolar macrophages.In G,P and D groups,cells were pretreated with 5 μmol/L Go6976,100 nmol/L PMA and 0.1％ dimethyl sulfoxide,respectively,for 30 min starting from 30 min before stimulation with LPS,and 10 μg/ml LPS was then given.The cells were collected after 24 h of incubation for measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents,superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and expression of PKCα,HO-1 and Mfn1 protein and mRNA (by fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction or Western blot).Results Compared with group C,MDA and ROS contents were significantly increased,the SOD activity was decreased,the expression of PKCα and HO-1 protein and mRNA was up-regulated,and the expression of Mfn1 protein and mRNA was downregulated in E,G,P and D groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group E,MDA and ROS contents were significantly increased,the SOD activity was decreased,and the expression of PKCα,HO-1 and Mfn1 protein and mRNA was down-regulated in group G,MDA and ROS contents were significantly decreased,the SOD activity was increased,and the expression of PKCα,HO-1 and Mfn1 protein and mRNA was upregulated in group P (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group D (P＞0.05).Conclusion Promotion of Mfn1 expression following PKCα/HO-1 signaling pathway activation is the endogenous protective mechanism of endotoxin-induced damage to alveolar macrophages of rats.

0.05).The adverse effect of treatment group was significantly less than control group(P

Objective To assess the methylation patterns in CpG islands of SPARC genes and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters. Methods Bisulfite treatment of genomie DNA and sequencing analysis was used to study methylation patterns in the CpG islands of SPARC genes in fresh tissues from 6 cases of chronic pancreatitis, 6 normal pancreatic tissues, 17 pancreatic adenocarcinoma and the cancer adjacent tissues, as well as 6 normaI blood samples for normal control, and compared the results with clinicopathological parameters. Results WBC DNA showed no methylation of SPARC gene CpG islands. The methylation rates in CpG islands of SPARC genes in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, the cancer adjacent tissues, chronic pancreatitis and normal pancreatic groups (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 CpG sites) were 61.6%, 47.1%, 37.5%, 24.7%, respectively. The methylation rates in CpG islands (1, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 sites) were 52.0%, 28.7%, 16.7% and 0. The difference were statistically significant between the pancreatic adenocarcinoma and chronic pancreatitis as well as normal pancreas groups (P＜0.001), and the difference were not statistically significant between the pancreatic adenocarcinoma and the cancer adjacent tissues. CpG hypermethylation were not related to risk factors such as smoking, alcohol, history of CP, the tumor size, differentiation and TNM staging, lymph node metastasis. Conclusions CpG in SPARC gene extron 1 was hypermethylated in pancreatic cancer, and this may be an early event in the development of pancreatic cancer.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of Src kinase inhibitor ZD6474 on the growth of multidrug-resistant K562/A02 cells and its regulatory mechanisms.

METHODSThe possible mechanisms of drug-resistance were tested by Western blot. Proliferation assays and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by WST metric analysis. Western blot were used to investigate the mechanisms of antiproliferative activity induced by tyrosine kinase inhibitor ZD6474. The in vivo anti-tumor activity was evaluated in K562, K562/A02 xenografted nude mice by administration of ZD6474 (25 - 100 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1), PO).

RESULTSCompared with parental K562 cells, marked high levels of p-Src and Src expression were detected in K562/A02 cells. WST results showed that the IC(50) values of ZD6474 on K562 and K562/A02 after 48 hours incubation were (1.61 ± 0.07) µmol/L and (3.22 ± 0.21)µmol/L, respectively. ZD6474 caused an accumulation of cells in the G(0)/G(1) fraction and apoptosis by inhibiting the expressions of p-Src and Src kinase. Administration of ZD6474 produced a dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth. 50 mg/kg ZD6474 produced the growth inhibition rates of 43.7% and 56.3%, respectively in K562 and K562/A02.

CONCLUSIONOur results indicated that inhibiting Src kinase could induce K562/A02 cells apoptosis in vitro and in vivo.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Piperidines ; pharmacology ; Quinazolines ; pharmacology ; src-Family Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the method and clinical outcome of reconstructing large pulp defects of the fingertips with a homodigital neurovascular island flap.

METHODSForm June 2007 to October 2009, 16 patients with the defects of pulp were repaired by the spiral flap that was a homodigital neurovascular island flap with a unique spiral advancement and transposition design allowed pulp reconstruction using sensate glabrous skin while restricting donor morbidity to the injured digit. There were 12 males and 4 females with an average age of 37 years ranging from 18 to 49 years. The defect were caused by machine crush injury 11 cases, pressure injury by heavy objects in 2 cases, crush injury by door of car 1 case, injury by saw in 2 cases. The defect was located in the index finger in 5 cases, the middle finger in 9 cases,the ring finger in 2 cases. All injuries had large pulp defects averaging 1.6 cm (long) x 1.2 cm (wide) to 2.5 cm (long) x 1.7 cm (wide). Short-term results for all patients were reviewed. Outcome measures included static 2-point discrimination, total active motion, and hypersensitivity or cold intolerance.

RESULTSAll flaps achieved primary healing with no complications. Sensory recovery was excellent with an average 2-point discrimination of 5.1 mm. All patients were followed-up for 8 to 20 months (averaged 12 months) with highly satisfactory with both aesthetic and functional outcome. There was no hypersensitivity or cold intolerance. According to the evaluation of total active motion (TAM) scales, the results were excellent in 7 cases, good in 8 cases (9 lesions) and fair in 1 case.

CONCLUSIONThe spiral advancement-transposition flap is suitable for resurfacing large pulp defects with excellent short-term functional and aesthetic results and high patient satisfaction.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Finger Injuries ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; Young Adult

Objective To discuss whether the separating block of sensory nerve with acupoint-injection and epidural analgesia by ropivacaine during labour.Methods Ninty full term primigravidae with ASAⅠ～Ⅱwere randomly divided into 3 groups:group E(n = 30),group C(n = 30)and group A(n = 30).When the external cervi- cal os was dilated to 3cm,group A:acupiont-injection to Ci Liao;group E:epidural analgesia with 0.075% ropiva- caine and fentanyel 2?g/ml;group C:combining group A and group E except fentanyel 2?g/ml.Level of pain(VAS scores),degree of sensory and motor block,the mode of delivery,the progress of labour and side effects were recorded and compared.Results The level of pain(VAS scores)in group A was higher than that of group C and group E,and there were no significant differences in group C and group E,Bur there were some side effects discovered in group E. There was no significant differences of the mode of delivery in the groups.Conclusion The method that acupoint- rejection combined with epidural analgesia by 0.075% ropivacaine is effective and has no side effects for labour.