Adult ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Occupational Health ; statistics & numerical data ; Transients and Migrants ; Young Adult

Intracranial branch atheromatous disease (BAD) was proposed by Caplan in 1989.It has been widely studied in Japan in recent years.With the application of high-resolution magnetic resonance,BAD has become a hot topic.This article reviews the concept,etiology,pathology,diagnosis and treatment of BAD as well as its relationship with ischemic stroke.

BACKGROUND:Point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) or single-voxel spectroscopy (SVS) is always used in the previous researches of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and its regions of interest are mainly located in focal zones which can be observed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); however, both of them cannot manifest the changes of focal marginal zone. Contrarily, hydrogen magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) can det ect the all regions of brain.OBJECTIVE: To observe the 1H-MRS manifestations of patients with heroin spongiform leucoencephalopathy (HSLE) so as to analyze metabolic regularities of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr) and bilineurine (Cho) in brain.DESIGN: Case-contrast observation.SETTING: Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Three HSLE patients including 2 males and 1 female who were diagnosed with clinical imaging were selected from the Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital from August 2005 to August 2006, and all of them were regarded as the case group. In addition, 10 healthy volunteers were regarded as the control group.METHODS: Siemens Megnetom Vision Plus 1.5T superconductive magnetic resonance (MR) system and standard head coil were used in this study, and then, all subjects were checked with 1H-MRS.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Levels of NAA, Cr and Cho in white matter of frontal, parietal and occipital lobes, metabolic maps of them and ratios of NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr.RESULTS: All 13 subjects were involved in the final analysis. ① NAA level: The level of NAA in white matter of frontal,parietal and occipital lobes of case 1 was lower than that of the subjects in the control group (79.50±21.65, 96.75±16.14,77.05±22.47; 146.07±15.49, 117.77±14.56, 120.83±16.02; P ＜ 0.05, 0.01); meanwhile, white matter of parietal lobes of case 2 and case 3 was also lower than that of subjects in the control group (87.50±7.89, 80.65±11.73, P ＜ 0.01). ② Cr level: There were no significant differences of the Cr level of all subjects in both case group and control group (P＞ 0.05).③ Cho level: Except white matter of frontal lobes in case 1, the level of Cho was lower in the case group than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.01). ④ Ratio of NAA/Cr was lower in the case group than that in the control group, and the radio of Cho/Cr was decreased remarkably. ⑤ Metabolic maps of NAA and Cr manifested a low signal in focal site. ⑥ Ratio of Cho/Cr was obviously reversed in focal marginal zone, but wave of lactic acid was not observed at the same time.CONCLUSION:The area with abnormal metabolites in HSLE patients showed by 1H-MRS is obviously larger than the visible lesion area showed by MRI.There are abnormal metabolites in the adjacent area of HSLE lesions.

Objective To explore the features of clinicopathology,gastroscopy,endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and immunohistochemistry of esophageal mesenchymal tumors (EMT).Methods The clinical data of 98 cases of EMT patients who underwent endoscopic biopsy,endoscopic treatment or surgery and were diagnosed according to pathological and immunohistochemistry examination were collected.The clinicopathologic characteristics,endoscopy,EUS and immunohistochemistry of these cases were retrospectively analyzed,and differentiated from other submucosal tumor.Results Among the 98 cases of EMT,there were 77 leiomyomas (LM),15 gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST),four lipomas,one leiomyoblastoma and one schwannoma.The age of GIST group were older than that of LM group,and most were male patients predominated in these two groups.Dysphagia was the most common symptom of EMT.Gastrointestinal bleeding was rare,which was different from other gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors.Under endoscopy,the appearances of EMT were similar,as submucosal protuberant lesions.One esophageal GIST was extraluminal lesion.Under EUS,LM,GIST and schwannoma showed low echo images originated from the muscularis propria or muscularis mucosa.Lipomas showed high echo images originated from submucosa.Pathological examination indicated that main cell type of LM and schwannoma was spindle cell,part of GIST was epitheloid cell type.The expressions of CD117 and CD34 were high in GIST,the expressions of SMA and Desmin were high in LM.S-100 was expressed in schwannoma.Other submucosal tumors,such as esophageal cyst,esophageal tuberculosis,esophageal carcinosarcoma,and some esophageal squamous carcinoma were easily misdiagnosed as EMT.Conclusions Esophageal LM is the most common EMT,followed by GIST.EUS is helpful in EMT diagnosis,however it can not accurately distinguish GIST,LM or schwannoma.

Objective To observe ultrasonographic features and the value of ultrasonography in diagnosing duodenal bulb ulcer combined with perforation.Methods The ultrasonographic features of duodenal bulb ulcer combined with perforation were studied retrospectively in 25 patients.The detection rate of duodenal bulb ulcer,peritoneal cavity free air,ascites and abdominal lumps were recorded and compared with those of X-ray examination.Results Color Doppler ultrasound before operation found 21 patients with duodenal bulb ulcer combined with perforation,18 with peritoneal cavity free air,25 with ascites and 14 with abdominal lumps.X-ray examination showed peritoneal cavity free air in 21 patients,but no ascites and abdominal lumps were found,let alone the direct features of duodenal bulb ulcer.Conclusion With regard tO duodenal bulb ulcer combined with perforation,color Doppler ultrasound can not only display peritoneal cavity free air as well as X-ray,but also show ascites and abdominal lumps,even duodenal bulb ulcer itself.Color Doppler ultrasound can make up the deficiency of X-ray examination,and is a valuable method in diagnosing duodenal bulb ulcer combined with perforation.

Objective To investigate the correlation between immediate postoperative platelet count with liver failure after partial hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods The clinical data of 71 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent liver resection at the Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from July 2013 to August 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by pathology of the resected specimens.Based on postoperative platelet count within 2 h,the patients were divided into the low platelet count (PLT ＜ 100 × 109/L) group (n =24,33.8％) and the normal platelet count (PLT ≥ 100 × 109/L) group (n =47,66.2％).The correlations between immediate postoperative platelet count with serum indexes including serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),total bilirubin (TBil) and direct bilirubin (DBil) were analyzed,and the incidences of posthepatectomy liver failure was also evaluated in these two groups.Results There was no re-operation and perioperative death in this study.Among the 71 patients,25 patients (35.2％) developed postoperative complications (grade Ⅰ to Ⅲ),and 8 patients (11.3％) suffered from postoperative liver failure (grade A).When compared with the normal platelet count group,the low platelet count group had significantly increased risks of postoperative liver failure (29.2％ vs 2.1％,X2 =11.618,P ＜ 0.05),increased postoperative peaks of ALT,AST,TBil and DBil levels [(462.5 ±135.7)U/L vs (307.9 ± 192.6) U/L,(440.0 ± 163.3) U/L vs (265.8 ± 155.8) U/L,(29.5 ±9.1) μmol/L vs (17.9 ±8.8) μ mol/L,t =3.507,4.385,5.129,P ＜0.05,respectively] and longer normalization time of liver function.Multiple Logistic regression analyses revealed that an immediate postoperative low platelet count was an independent risk factor of posthepatectomy liver failure.Conclusions The platelet count was associated with the incidence of postoperative liver failure after partial liver resection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Patients with an immediate postoperative low platelet count suffered from a high incidence of posthepatectomy liver failure and delayed liver function recovery.

In this study, modification technology by surface coating was used to improve the flowability of powder of Chinese herbs extracts. Seven kinds of powder of Chinese herbs extracts were coated with 1% silica nanoparticles using an under-driven Comil. The powder characteristics tester was used to evaluate the flowability of uncoated and coated powders. Surface morphology and particle size distribution of powders were compared by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope. The powder hygroscopicity was also investigated. The results showed that, after modification, angle of repose, angle of spatula, compressibility and adhesiveness extremely decreased, and flowability index substantially increased, the powder flowability was significantly improved, especially Gegen and Dahuang extracts powders. Scanning electron microscopy images showed the distribution of silica nanoparticles on the host drug particle surfaces. There were no remarkable changes in the particle size distribution and hygroscopicity of all powders after coating. Therefore, Comilling for surface coating modification technology was an effective method to improve the flowability of Chinese herbs extracts and suggested a possible way forward to enhance the quality of Chinese drugs pharmaceutics in their study and manufacture.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Powders ; chemistry ; Surface Properties

[Abstract ] Objective To compare the accuracy between regular computed tomography colonography (CTC)and dual-energy CTC in lesion detection.Methods Twenty-eight patients with clinical suspicious space occupying lesions of the colon were selected.All patients were underwent dual-energy mode contrast-enhanced CT scan and the data were reconstructed with colonography and dual-energy iodine maps methods.The diameter,enhanced computed tomography (CT)value and iodine value were measured.The results of colonoscopy and pathology were taken as gold standard.The sensitivity, specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of regular CTC and dual-energy CTC were compared.Variance analysis was performed for measurement data comparison among groups and chi-square test was used for count data analysis.Results Among 28 patients,colorectal lesions were detected in 24 cases by regular CTC,of which four cases were false-positive and one case was false-negative confirmed by colonoscopy and pathology.Colorectal lesions were detected in 20 cases by dual-energy CTC,of which no false-positive and one case was false negative confirmed by colonoscopy and pathology.The contrast enhanced CT value of polyps,adenoma,adenocarcinoma and stool was (38.54± 6.82),(49.16±7.31 ),(52.61 ±5 .93 )and (34.00±1 .41 )Hu,respectively.The enhanced value of adenoma and adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that of polyps and stool,the differences were statistically significant among groups (F = 10.760,P = 0.001 ).There was no significant difference between polyps and stool (t=1 .44,P =0.188).The sensitivity of regular CTC and dual-energy CTC in lesion detection was 95 .6% (95 %cofidence interval(CI ):77.9%-99.2%)and 95 .6% (95 %CI :77.9%-99.2%),respectively.The specificity was 42.8% (95 %CI :15 .4%-93.5 %)and 100.0% (95 %CI :47.9%-100.0%).Conclusion Compared with traditional CTC,dual-energy CTC would distinguish lesions from stool,help differentiate between benign and malignant tumors and further increase the accuracy of CTC diagnosis.

Sixty-nine cases of acute hyperthyroid myopathy admitted from 1990 to 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.Hoarseness was the most common symptom; 17.39％ of the patients had difficulty in breathing; respiratory muscle paralysis and aspiration pneumonia were the main causes of death.Efficient treatment lasting for two weeks was carried out in 81.16％ of the cases.Patients with severe bulbar palsy were often complicated with aspiration pneumonia and thus had high mortality rate.The main treatments in cluded anti-hyperthyroid drugs,corticosteroids,energy supports,and symptomatic management,which usually resulted in good clinical improvement.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the mutation patters of HBV P gene and genotyping of heptitis B virus in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) after the emergence of drug-resistance during lamivudine (LAM) therapy.

METHODSLAM-resistant mutations and genotype of HBV were dectected in patients with LAM-resistant CHB in our hospital from Sep. 2008 to June. 2010.

RESULT107 patients had 8 mutation patterns. YMDD mutations happened in 100%, only YMDD mutation were 43 patients, while others were YMDD combined with rtL180M mutations; the HBV genotype among 107chronic hepatitis was mainly B (25.2%) and C (73.8%) and only 1 patient was happend B and C mixed infection. Genetype C was mainly YMDD combined with rtL180M mutations pattern, the rate is 60.7% (48/79); while genetype B was mainly rtM204 mutation pattern, the rate is 66.7% (18/27); there were significant difference between the genetype B and C in mutation pattern (chi2 = 8.4, 7.2, respectively, P < 0. 01).

CONCLUSIONYMDD mutation is the major mutation pattern of HBV P gene after emergence of LAM-resistance. Genotypes of hepatitis B virus can determine the related mulation patterns of HBV P gene.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; drug effects ; Female ; Gene Products, pol ; genetics ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B virus ; drug effects ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; drug effects ; Young Adult