OBJECTIVE: To develop a method for the determination of ethanol extracts content of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. using near-infrared spectroscopy. METHODS: The ethanol extracts contents of 139 samples were determined by the method of ethanol cold-soak extraction. Near-infrared spectrograms were obtained, then multiplicative signal correction, first derivative method and Savitzky-Golay filter method were used to process the spectrograms, at last the calibration model of ethanol extracts content was established by partial least squares regression analysis method. RESULTS: The correlation coefficients, root-mean-square error of calibration, root-mean-square error of prediction and root-mean-square error of cross-validation of the calibration model of ethanol extracts content were 0.98958, 0.590, 0.623 and 0.97518, respectively. CONCLUSION: The method is stable, accurate, and can be used to predict ethanol extracts content of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. rapidly.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)is one of the most common comorbidities of ASD.This article reviews the assessment tools and clinical research (prevalence,clinical characteristics and treat-ment)and fundamental research (iconography,genetics,neurophychology,electronerophysiology)of ASD with ADHD according to lately related articles.The findings suggested that there was lack of researches on treatment and iconography of ASD with ADHD and the conclusions were inconformity.Furthermore,most of the objects in these researches were children of normal intelligence.Thus future research should expand its objects to patients of adult and children with mental retardation and do further explore in iconography and treatment.

The traditional fermentation engineering experiment requires a reform on the experimental con-tents and teaching pattern. According to the production process of industrial enzymes, we set up a two-week comprehensive experiment. The students designed and prepared the experiment by themselves. Moreover, the pattern of self-management was used in the process and the experiment scores included the self-assess-ment and objective assessment. It was proved that the new teaching pattern increased the study interesting of students, inspired their initiative and trained their spirits of team cooperation. The teaching effect was im-proved markedly and good ideas are also put forward to solve the possible problem.

The aims of microbiology experiment teaching are not only to cultivate the students’ capacity of basic operation,but also to expanse their knowledge scope.We applied the bacterial diversity on the teach-ing class to make the students understand the progress of microorganism genomics research.It is helpful to cultivate the students’ innovative spirit and ability.Easy to work,clear result and low cost facilitated the spread of this experiment in the university.

[Objective] To summarize image manifestations in intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) examined by multi-slice computed tomography enteroclysis (MSCT) and evaluate the diagnostic value of MSCTE in ITB,[Methods] The imaging findings were retrospectively analyzed in 15 cases of ITB that were confirmed by endoscopy or postoperative pathologic examination,including the location,number,shape,edge,surrounding tissue alterations of ITB and other associated changes in the peritoneum,mesentery and solid abdominal organs,and compared with endoscopy and pathology.[Results] In 15 patients,ileocecum was involved in 13 cases (87％),4 cases (27％) showed multi-segmental symmetric intestinal mural thickening,9 patients (60％) showed solid masses,1 case (7％) showed multi-segmental symmetric intestinal mural thickening and solid masses,1 case (7％) showed homogenous enhanced masses and perforation,12 cases (86％) showed enlarged lymph nodes (LNs) with rim enhancement,and 2 cases (13％) showed the comb sign of enhanced mesenteric vessels.Based on enhancement pattern of MSCTE,ITB was divided into three types:homogenous enhancement type (n=5);target sign type (n=2);caseous necrosis type (n=2).[Conclusion] The imaging features of ITB are diverse.MSCTE can clearly display the shape of intestinal mucosa,the alterations of intestinal wall and the relationship between lesion and adjacent tissues,which provides valuable information for the clinic diagnosis of ITB.

Objective To investigate effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in rats.Methods A total of 60 rats were randomly divided into normal group (n =10),the model of SAP group (n =10),the transplantation of the MSC group (n =20),the combination of the MSC and the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) group (n =20).The conversion rate of MSC was detected by using immunofluorescence methods,and the level of amylase in serum was assayed by using biochemical methods.Simultaneously,the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum was determined by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results The conversion rates of the MSC increased,and consequently,the levels of amylases and interleukin-6 in serum were reduced (P ＜ 0.05).When a small amount of the G-CSF was added to MSC,the therapeutic effects of the two different kinds of cells were synergistically strengthened.In the contrary,when a large number of the G-CSF was added to MSC,the antagonism resulted between these two different kinds of cells gives rise to harmful effects on SAP.Conclusions The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have therapeutic effects on SAP.When the number of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells increases,the protective effects are enhanced.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in patients undergoing postoperative early enteral nutrition (EEN) with radical resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Methods The clinical data of 48 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma who were admitted to the Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University from July 2006 to September 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.All the 48 patients underwent radical resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma,including 24 patients receiving postoperative EEN (EEN group) and 24 patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN group).The serologic indices and liver function were detected regularly after operation.Ten percent of albumin (Alb) 10 g was administered by intravenous infusion when Alb ＜ 30 g/L.The indexes of all the 48 patients were compared in the 2 groups at postoperative day 3 and 7,including the serologic indices and liver function,the exhaust time,the volume of Alb infusion,the complications (incisional infection,abdominal infection,pleural effusion,peritoneal effusion and bile leakage) and the duration of hospital stay.The patients were followed up by outpatient examination and telephone interview till September 2014.The measurement data with normal distribution were presented as x ± s,comparison between groups and count data were analyzed using the t test and chi-squared test,respectively.Results Patients in the 2 groups were cured successfully and discharged,and no patient died perioperatively.Patients in the EEN group had a good tolerance for EEN and no occurrence of EEN-related complications was detected.The level of the GGT was (108 ± 73) U/L in the EEN group,which was significantly lower than (225 ± 121) U/L in the TPN group at postoperative day 3 (t =4.041,P ＜ 0.05).The level of the GGT was (142 ± 86) U/L in the EEN group,which was no significantly different from (183 ± 107)U/L in the TPN group at postoperative day 7 (t =1.477,P ＞ 0.05).The postoperative time to anal exsufflation and the duration of hospital stay were (73 ± 18) hours and (15 ± 4) days in the EEN group,which were significantly different from (97 ± 21) hours and (18 ± 4) days in the TPN group,and the volume of Alb infusion was (44 ± 29)g in the EEN group,which was significantly lower than (101 ± 92) g in the TPN group (t =4.295,2.615,2.916,P ＜ 0.05).All the 48 patients were followed up for 1 to 71 months (mediantime,10 months),no patients received reoperation or re-admitted to the hospital due to complications.Conclusion The application of postoperative EEN in enhanced recovery of patients undergoing radical resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma is safe and effective,it could accelerate the recovery of enteral function,shorten the postoperative duration of hospital stay and reduce the supplement of extrinsic Alb,which is helpful for the fast recovery of patients.

As a treasure resource of novel drug lead compounds, how to rapidly and high-efficiently screen and isolate active components from natural products is critical. Thanks to its high resolution, high automation and flexible integration, online two-dimensional liquid chromatography has great potential for screening active ingredients from complex matrices by integrating a highly specific bio-recognition process into a two-dimensional liquid chromatography system before, on or after the column separation. This review comprehensively summarized recent developments, applications and shortcomings of online two-dimensional liquid chromatography for natural product screening from different integration modes, including pre-column, on-column and post-column screening methods.

Neurogranin, a neuron-specific postsynaptic protein, has been considered to play an important role in synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of prenatal restraint stress on neurogranin expression in rat offspring hippocampus. Pregnant rats were given a restraint stress (3 times a day for 7 d, 45 min each time) at the late stage of gestation except that in the control group. The offspring rats were divided into four groups: female control group, male control group, female stress group and male stress group. Expression of neurogranin was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The results showed that neurogranin-positive immunostaining was detected in all areas of the hippocampus. The staining density was stronger in the CA1 and CA3 regions than that in the dentate gyrus (DG) region. Western blot assay showed that neurogranin protein level in female and male prenatal stressed offspring was significantly lower than that in the controls (P<0.01). Neurogranin level was significantly lower in the female stress group than that in the male stress group, whereas there was no significant gender difference in the control group. Immunohistochemical data further confirmed these results. The present study provides evidence that prenatal restraint stress induces gender-dependent decrease in neurogranin expression in the offspring hippocampus. The prenatal restraint stress-induced decrease in neurogranin expression in the hippocampus might be associated with the deficit in spatial learning and memory reported previously.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Female ; Hippocampus ; chemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Neurogranin ; analysis ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Restraint, Physical ; Stress, Psychological ; metabolism

Iridoid glycosides (mainly geniposide) and crocetin derivatives (crocins) are the two major active constituents in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. In the present study, geniposide, crocins, crocin-1 and crocetin were separated from gardenia chromatographically. Then, mice were orally administrated with geniposide (400 mg/kg b.w.), crocins (400 mg/kg b.w.), crocin-1 (400 mg/kg b.w.) and crocetin (140 mg/kg b.w.) once daily for 7 days with CCl4. Hepatoprotective properties were evaluated by biochemical parameters: Administration of geniposide, crocins, crocin-1and crocetin significantly lowered serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in CCl4-treated mice. The reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) activities were also increased by geniposide, crocins, crocin-1 and crocetin. Histopathological examination of livers showed that these components reduced deformability, irregular arrangement and rupture of hepatocyte in CCl4-treated mice. These biochemical results and liver histopathological assessment demonstrated that geniposide, crocetin derivatives and crocetin show comparative beneficial effects on CCl4-induced liver damage via induction of antioxidant defense. Therefore, contents of geniposide and crocetin derivatives should be both considered for hepatoprotective efficacy of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis.
Alanine Transaminase ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Gardenia ; Glutathione ; Hepatocytes ; Iridoid Glycosides ; Liver* ; Mice* ; Rupture