Ascites ; Humans ; Language ; Quality of Life ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Translations

Echinococcosis (hydatid disease) caused by the metacestodes of Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm is a seri-ous zoonotic infection ,which leads to a large amount of economic loss in human and animals .It needs to be prevented urgently . The EG95 protein is highly conserved and crucial for survival and development of E .granulosus in the host ,which means that it is one of the potential candidate antigens for vaccines characterized so far .Great effort has been made to construct and ex-press the recombinant EG95 (rEG95) gene in various kinds of expression systems in order to obtain an efficient defined antigen . This review will summarize research progress on expression of rEG95 in different vector systems .

This review focuses on biological characteristics of Echinococcus f elidis including molecular genetic markers , species status ,host coverage ,geographical distribution ,epidemiological implications ,phylogeny ,and evolution .The molecular genetic markers are involved in mitochondrial cox1 (cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1) and nad1 (nicotinamide adenine dinucle-otide dehydrogenase subunit 1) genes ,nuclear protein-coding gene sequences such as elp (ezrin-radixin-moesin-like protein) , e f1a (elongation factor 1 alpha) ,pepck (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase ) ,pold (DNA polymerase delta ) ,and ribosome RNA gene sequences such as ITS1 and 18S rRNA .The establishment of species status is based on distinctly discriminated mor-phological characteristics such as hooks on the rostrum with apparent rugae ,the special definitive host (lions) ,and divergence of DNA sequences ,etc .between E . f elidis and other Echinococcus species .In brief ,the review has provided researchers and ex-perts in the field of echinococcosis with fundamental background knowledge and guidelines for future research directions ,clinical and epidemiological investigations ,and prevention and control of echinococcosis .

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Endoscopy ; Epistaxis ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Female ; Hemostasis, Endoscopic ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: To study signal transduction pathways in cultured rat hepatocytes in the high nitric oxide (NO) environment of hepatitis. METHODS: NO levels were assessed by measurement of its stable oxidative products nitrite (NO2(-)) and nitrate (NO3(-)) using the Griess method with or without thiols (GSH or L-Cys). Rat hepatocytes were incubated with Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP) to produce a high NO environment and the intracellular cGMP and s-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) in the culture media were measured using radioimmunoassay or with the MTT assay absorbed at 334nm respectively. RESULTS: After incubation of 1.543 mmol/L SNP for 30 minutes 0.63+/-0.06 mmol/L and at 25 minutes 0.98+/-0.11 mmol/L of NO was released in containing 25 mmol/L GSH and L-Cys condition. The levels of both cGMP and GSNO were significantly increased (compared with control P<0.05) in a dose related manner. CONCLUSION: Signal transduction of cultured rat hepatocytes in a high NO environment could be a cGMP-dependent as well as a non-cGMP-dependent pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a hepatocyte immunotoxicity model for screening of liver protective medications. METHODS: Cytotoxicity was induced by coincubating BCG-pretreated rat hepatocytes in vivo and with 10 mg/L LPS in vitro. Biphenyldimethylesterate (DDB), malotilate(MLT), silybin(SB) and glycyrrhizin (GRZ) were coincubated along with LPS to prevent the hepatocyte injury and verify the applicability and reliability of the model. AST, LDH and nitric oxide (NO) were measured in both the serum and supernatant. The liver and spleen index were calculated and the liver histopathologic changes were examined microscopically. RESULTS: Supernatant AST, LDH and NO in the BCG combined LPS group were increased in comparison with the control group (P<0.01). This increase was attenuated by the addition of DDB, MLT, SB and GRZ (P<0.05). The serum AST, NO and liver and spleen index were also increased significantly compared with the control group (P<0.01). Microscopic exam revealed serious histopathologic changes in the BCG combined LPS group. Hepatoxicity with associated liver enzyme elevation but histopathologic changes were attenuated by DDB, MLT, SB and GRZ. CONCLUSION: BCG combined LPS-induced hepatocyte immunotoxicity in an in vitro rat model may be a useful technique to assess the effectiveness of liver protective medications.

Adult ; Aged ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Polyps ; psychology ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Sinusitis ; psychology ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective : To investigate the influencing factors for depression and anxiety in patients with dysphagia after stroke. Methods: From May 2017 to June 2018,patients with post-stroke dysphagia in the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Zhejiang Hospital were recruited to collect their height,weight,education level,serum nutritional indicators and feeding patterns. Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale were employed to assess the incidence of anxiety and depression. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for depression and anxiety. Results : Among 96 patients enrolled,43 suffered from anxiety and depression,with the incidence of 44.79%. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that normal albumin（OR=0.208,95%CI：0.054-0.800）was a protective factor for anxiety,while indwelling gastric tube（OR=5.789,95%CI：1.654-20.260）was a risk factor. Normal transferrin（OR=0.189,95%CI：0.042-0.860）was a protective factor for depression,while indwelling gastric tube（OR=13.977,95%CI：1.472-132.667）was a risk factor. Conclusion Normal albumin and transferrin are the protective factors for anxiety and depression in patients with dysphagia after stroke,and indwelling gastric tube is the risk factor for anxiety or depression.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Transplantation ; Cells, Cultured ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Regeneration ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the transcription of cytoskeleton protein genes in differentiation of neurons from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells induced by all-trans retinoic acid (RA), and to explore the possibility of setting up a method to screen small molecules with promoting or inhibiting effect.

METHODSThe hanging drop method was employed for embryonic body formation to mimic embryo development in vivo. Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to investigate mRNA expression of the neuron-specific cytoskeleton proteins including Mtap2, Nefm and beta-tubulin III which were regarded as the inducing effect indexes of RA. Morphological evaluation and immunocytochemistry staining were conducted to identify the neural derivatives. Moreover, the inducing effects of six synthetic molecules were further evaluated.

RESULTRA up-regulated the mRNA expression of Mtap2 and Nefm, especially Mtap2 increased by 1.27 times, which was consistent with the morphological alteration. However, there was no significant changes of beta-tubulin III expression. With addition of the six synthetic molecules, the transcription of Mtap2 was inhibited, while the Nefm mRNA expression was up-regulated in some degree, especially for molecule 1 and 3 that was increased by 1.4 and 1.2 times, which, however, was not parallel to the morphological changes.

CONCLUSIONThe transcriptional levels of Mtap2 and Nefm are both up-regulated in the RA-induced differentiation of ES cells towards neurons. The up-regulation of Mtap2 is consistent with the morphological alteration, which might be the key landmark in the RA-induced differentiation of ES cells into neurons.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoskeletal Proteins ; genetics ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Mice ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; pharmacology ; Neurofilament Proteins ; pharmacology ; Neurons ; cytology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Tretinoin ; pharmacology ; Tubulin ; pharmacology