Schizophrenia is roughly equivalent to insanity in TCM.Premorbid personality traits of schizophrenia are similar to the characteristic of stagnation of liver in TCM.The stagnation of liver-qi is a usually cause and main differentiation type of schizophrenia.Early location of this disease is toward to the liver.The stagnant qi of the liver turns into fire,up to brain to interfere the activity of mind,then leads the disease into the acute phase;Stagnation of the liver-qi and the heart-fire affect other organs and lead the disease to its chronic phase:The change of solar term or dramatic disturbances of climate change often leads liver yang to interfere the mind,resulting in recurrence or relapses of schizophrenia.We should pay attention to rule of liver in the treatment,rehabilitation,prevention of recurrence in schizophrenia.When treating schizophrenia,we need pay attention to soothing liver,without inhibiting the sthenic liver-energy;suppressing the hyperactive liver by calming the liver and removing heat from the liver.Soothing liver and strengthening spleen,dispersing liver-qi and regulating stomach are the common treatment.For preventing degeneration,while nourishing liver and kidney,clearing heat and calming the mind should be used at same time;while nourishing liver yin,wind-dispersing,eliminating phlegm,clearing-stasis should be used at same time.Cleaning liver heat,nourishing yin,activating blood and detoxification should be paid attention to when preventing and treating the side effects caused by antipsychotic drugs.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) in regenerative nodules(RNs)and small hepatocellular carcinoma(sHCC).Methods Thirty-four cases of liver cirrhosis with small nodule were examined by CEUS.Among these cases,18 cases with 20 lesions were diagnosed s HCC,16 cases with 18 lesions were diagnosed RN eventually,all the diagnoses were confirmed by pathology.Perfusion characteristic and quantitative difference of RNs and sHCC were summarized.Results ①The majority of sHCC showed hyper-enhancement during the arterial phase,iso-enhancement or hypo-enhancement during the portal phase,hypo-enhancement during the late phase.The enhanced phase and degree of RNs were diverse,most of RNs showed iso enhancement during the three phases.The enhanced phase of two groups had significant difference(P ＜0.05).②The enhancement type of RNs and sHCC had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).③ 11 of 20 sHCC lesions showed contrast-enhancement pattern of fast-in and slow-out,9 lesions were fast-in and fast-out;among 18 RNs,1 lesion enhanced during the portal phase and the late phase,it didn't enhanced during the arterial phase,3 lesions started to enhanced at the late arterial phase,14 lesions were iso-enhancement during the three phases.④Comparison of parameters of RNs and the adjacent liver parenchyma had no significant difference(P ＞0.05).Compared with the adjacent liver parenchyma or RNs,the arrival time and peak time were shorter,the peak intensity and the curve sharpness were higher in sHCC (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions CEUS is a useful method to distinguish RNs and sHCC in liver cirrhosis.

BACKGROUND:Prostacyclin (PGI2) and its analogs have been reported to prevent pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy, and to reduce cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, clinical application of PGI2 is chalenging due to its short half-life (< 2 minutes). Thus, we have generated PGI2 expressing rat endothelial progenitor cel strains (PGI2-EPCs) that constitutively secrete prostacyclin.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effectof PGI2-EPCs against oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocyte injury.
METHODS:Cultured H9c2 celsin vitrowere assigned into four groups: H9c2 cels treated by H2O2for 4 hours. H9c2 cels were pretreated by conditioned medium (colected form EPCs and PGI2-EPCs or colected form EPCs and PGI2-EPCs mixed with native EPCs) before the addition of H2O2. PBS instead of conditioned mediums served as negative control. The paracrine effect of PGI2-EPCs onin vitro angiogenesis of native EPCs was evaluated. MTT and Hoechst 33342 assays were used to examine the protective effect of conditioned medium on H2O2-induced rat embryonic cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cel viability. Finaly, the effect of conditioned medium on the electric activities of adult cardiomyocyteswas measuredby whole-cel patch clamp techniques.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:When native EPCs mixed with conditioned medium of PGI2-EPCs, the total length of tubes was significantly longer compared with those mixed with CM of EPC. Rat embryonic cardiomyocytes pretreated with conditioned medium of PGI2-EPCs significantly reduced H2O2-induced apoptosis and preserved cel viability compared with pretreatment with EPC-conditioned medium and without pretreatment (P< 0.01). Pretreatment of rat adult cardiomyocyteswith conditioned medium of PGI2-EPCs abolished H2O2-induced early afterdepolarization and shortened H2O2-induced action potential duration prolongation (P< 0.01) towards baseline.Our findings indicate thatPGI2-EPCs protect against oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocyte injury through paracrine action.ThisStudy providesthe groundwork for an innovative cel therapy approach to treat ischemic heart disease.

Aim To evaluate the effect of 15d-PGJ2 on up-regulated expression of PPAR? and inducing HSC apoptosis and inhibiting HSC proliferation. Methods The rat liver stellate cell line (HSC-T6) was cultured in DMEM, and treated with PPAR? agonist 15d-PGJ2 of different concentrations. The expression of PPAR? mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. The protein expression of NF-?B was examined by Western blot. The cell proliferation rate of HSC-T6 was determined by MTT colorimetric assay. The cell cycle and apoptosis ratio were measured using flow cyto -metry analysis. Results The proliferation rate of the rat liver stellate cell line (HSC-T6) was significantly inhibited by 15d-PGJ2 (vs controls, P

Objective Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were transfected by Smad7 and labeled with green fluores-cent mark.BMMSCs were implanted into rabbit glaucoma operational model and observed surviving condition.Methods Through BP and LR reaction,Smad7 with green fluorescent mark was inserted into human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by bacterio-phage,filtered positive colony and picked out cell line.15 New Zealand white rabbits were enforced trabeculectomy with BMMSC, then following up cell survival condition.Results Smad7 expressed stable in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with sat-isfactory green fluorescent mark.BMMSC survived in rabbit trabecula with stable green fluorescent and effective ocular press.Con-clusion Smad7 with green fluorescent mark could be inserted into human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells stably,and has ef-fective results in rabbit model.

Objective To investigate the incidence and influencing factors for sharp injuries occurred in workers in central sterile supply departments (CSSDs).Methods In October-November 2012,a multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted,a total of 95 workers in CSSDs of 16 hospitals in Hunan Province were surveyed through questionnaires.Results A total of 89 workers (93.68%)in CSSDs sustained sharp injuries,46 (48.42%)of whom sustained 1 -5 times of sharp injuries,22(23.16%)sustained 6-10 times of sharp injuries,and 11 (11 .58%)sus-tained for at least 10 times of sharp injuries.81 workers (85.26%)sustained at least one time of sharp injuries one year before survey,52 (54.73%)of whom were injured by contaminated needles or other sharps.Logistic regression analysis revealed that higher educational background was protective factor for sharp injuries(OR 90%CI :0.05-0.87);while poor sleep quality(OR 90%CI :1 .03-17.94),frequent touching sharps(OR 90%CI :1 .11 -12.15),and irrational placing of objects by the other medical stuff (surgeons and nurses in operating rooms)(OR 90%CI :1 .23-16.98)were the risk factors for sharp injuries.Conclusion The incidence of sharp injuries among workers in CSSDs is high,which is related to personal factors and environmental factors.It is suggested to strengthen staff training to enhance their awareness of precaution.

Objective To investigate the virological response in hepatitis C virus (HCV)genotype 1b relapsers after 48 weeks of peginterferon/ribavirin (peg-IFN/RBV)combination retreatment,and to explore the predictive value of interleukin (IL )-28B rs12978960 genetic polymorphismon virological response.Methods From 2012 to 2014,genotype 1b chronic hepatitis C (CHC)relapsers in He′nan Provincial People′s Hospital were retreated with combined peg-IFN/RBV for 48 weeks and followed up for 24 weeks off-treatment.Host IL-28B genetic polymorphism was detected.Predictive factors associated with virological response and sustained virological response (SVR)were analyzed.Independent-samples t test was conducted in continuous variables,whileχ2 test or Fisher exact probability test was conducted in counts data.Results A total of 61 patients finished 48 weeks of peg-IFN/RBV combination therapy and were further followed up for 24 weeks off-treatment.Mean age was (46.7 ±12.4)years.Thirty-seven patients (60.7%)were male and 49 were rs12978960 CC genotype.After 48 weeks of retreatment with peg-IFN/RBV and 24 weeks of off-treatment follow-up,40 patients (65 .6%)achieved SVR.Rapid virological response (RVR)and SVR of younger patients were both significantly higher than those of older patients (100.0% vs 67.4% and 85 .0% vs 47.6%,respectively;both P =0.006).IL-28B rs12978960 genotype was predictive to RVR and SVR.Patients with RVR and SVR had higher carriage rates of IL-28B rs12978960 CC genotype compared with those without RVR and SVR (both P <0.05 ).Patients with CC genotype had higher rates of RVR (34.1 % vs 0;χ2 = 10.625 ,P =0.006 ),end-of-treatment virological response (84.1 % vs 70.6%;χ2 =5 .563,P =0.039 )and SVR (77.3% vs 35 .3%;χ2 =9.572,P =0.007)than those with CT/TT genotype.However,there were no statistical differences of extended RVR (34.1 % vs 29.4%;χ2 =0.122,P =0.809)and early virological response (79.5 % vs 82.3%;χ2 =0.612,P =0.964).Conclusions Retreatment with antiviral therapy is necessary in CHC patients with genotype 1b. IL-28B rs12978960 genetic polymorphism is predictive to the SVR of retreatment,especially for patients without RVR,which will provide individualized treatment and optimize the treatment strategy.

Abstract: Objective　To investigate the distribution characteristics of HCV genotypes and subtypes in patients with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)/HCV co-infection in Kunming based on the nucleocapsid protein gene sequence of HCV (hepatitis C virus). Methods　Serum was collected from HIV/HCV co-infected patients with household registration in 14 county-level cities, districts and counties under the jurisdiction of Kunming, who admitted to Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital from March to August 2019. The viral RNA was extracted from the serum, reverse transcribed to synthesize cDNA, and the HCV nucleocapsid protein gene-specific primers were used for nested PCR amplification. The positive amplification products were sequenced, bioinformatics software such as DNAstar and MEGAX were used for sequence analysis. Results　A total of 64 samples from co-infected patients with clinical diagnosis of suspected HIV/HCV were collected and amplified by HCV nucleocapsid protein gene-specific primers, of which 17 samples were amplified positively. The results of sequence analysis showed that the sequences of 9 cases were located in the same evolutionary branch as the HCV 3b subtype sequence, and the nucleotide homology was 93.3%-95.2%; the sequences of 5 cases were located in the same evolutionary branch as the HCV 1b subtype sequence, and the nucleotide homology was 96.8%-97.6%; the sequence of one case and the subtype sequence of HCV 3a gene were located in the same evolutionary branch, and the nucleotide homology was 95.2%; the sequence of one case and HCV 6n gene subtype sequence were located in the same evolutionary branch, and the nucleotide homology was 97.9%; One case was located in the same evolutionary branch as the HCV 6u gene subtype sequence, and the nucleotide homology was 98.4%. Conclusions　HCV 1b, HCV 3a, HCV 3b, HCV 6n and HCV 6u genotypes or subtypes of HCV are prevalent in Kunming, and HCV 3b is the most prevalent genotype.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the density and distribution of nerve endings and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in lumbar facet joints of patients with low back pain.

METHODSFifteen patients without low back pain were selected as control group (group A). Facet joint samples in group A were obtained during the operation or lumbar spinal canal tumor they suffered from. Those patients with low back pain were divided into three groups according to their different origins of pain, such as not from facet joint (group B, 15 patients) ,from facet joint only (group C, 20 patients), or from facet joint partially (group D, 20 patients). Different origins were determined by VAS after facet joint block. The density and distribution of nerve ending and neuropeptide in the capsular tissues were analyzed by a modified gold chloride staining and immunochemistry respectively.

RESULTSCompared with the ones in group A and B, the fact joints in group C and D were more inclined to be degenerated and got more nerve endings. NPY was expressed mainly in the facet joint of patients with low back pain in group C and D. In addition, there was a significant relationship between the distribution of nerve endings and NPY expression,while none of them were related with MRI Fujiwara grade of facet joint.

CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that the number of mechanoreceptors, neural sprouting and secreted peptides in the facet joint capsules vary with the change of mechanical or nociceptive stimulation, which may promote the development of low back pain in return.

Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Chronic Pain ; etiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; etiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Mechanoreceptors ; physiology ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Endings ; pathology ; Neuropeptide Y ; analysis

Objective:To explore the effect and mechanism of miRNA sponge on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of gastric carcinoma cell lines SGC7901. Methods:Synthetic ZEB2 3'UTR plasmid and siRNA targeting ZEB2 were transfected into the SGC7901 cell line by Lipofectamine 2000. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate the expres-sion levels of miR-200a/b/c. Finally, the migratory, invasive, and proliferative activities of the gastric carcinoma cells in vitro were ana-lyzed by the scratch test, the Transwell cell invasion, and the cell cloning assay. The expression of the target protein was detected by Western blot. Results:Compared with the control group, the expressions of miR-200a/b/c significantly decreased, and their migration, invasion, and proliferation capabilities were considerably higher after they were transfected with ZEB2 3'UTR. Although the expres-sions of miR-200a/b/c significantly increased, the migratory, invasive, and proliferative activities of SGC7901 cells also degraded after they were transfected with siRNA targeting ZEB2. The expression of ZEB2 increased, and that of E-cadherin decreased at the protein level after they were transfected with ZEB2 3'UTR. The protein expression of Vimentin in SGC7901 cells significantly increased. The indicators show the opposite trend when cells were transfected with siZEB2, and the differences between the control and mutation groups were insignificant. Conclusion:ZEB2 3'UTR can regulate EMT course by regulating the miR-200a/b/c expression in gastric car-cinoma, consequently regulating the invasion and migration of carcinoma cells.