Objective To explore the roles of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and TGF-?1 in aldosterone-induced PAI-1 production.Methods Quiescent rat mesangial cells (MCs) were treated by aldosterone.The level of ROS in MCs induced by aldosterone was measured by confecal laser scanning microscopy and the TGF-?1 activity in the supematant of culture was measured by mink lung epithelial cell (Mvllu) proliferation inhibition MTT assay.Then,before the addition of aldosterone,MCs were pretreated with NAC or TGF-?1 neutralizing antibody to decrease cellular ROS or inhibit activity of TGF-?1 induced by aldosterone respectively.PAI-1 mRNA was examined by semi-quantification RT-PCR and PAI-1 protein by Western blotting.Results The intracellular ROS induced by aldosterone increased by 5-fold compared to that of control group,and the activity of TGF-?1 stimulated by aldosterone increased markedly.TGF-?1 neutralizing antibody and NAC effectively decreased aldosterone-induced PAI-1 mRNA expression by 30% and 32%,and PAI-1 protein expression by 21% and 11%,respectively.However,neither TGF-?1 neutralizing antibody nor NAC alone could regulate aldosterone-induced PAI-1 mRNA and protein expression to normal level in 24 hours.Conclusions ROS and TGF-?1 play important roles in up-regulation of aldosterone- induced PAI-1 in MCs.ROS and TGF-?1 are not the exclusive pathway of PAI-1 expression induced by aldosterone in MCs.

Orally disintegrating tablets (ODT), a kind of new solid tablet that rapidly disintegrates to work in the mouth, has became the hot form of new drug research in recent years with many advantages, such as the convenient taking, a widely applicable people, fast acting, high bioavailability, good compliance, and so on. ODT has been widely used in chemical medicines, while the application of it in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) is still in the stage of development The development of TCMs ODT provides a new direction for the research of Chinese medicine new dosage, accelerates the pace of connecting to the world and modernization of Chinese medicine. This dosage has a broad market prospect, and its quality control and assessment standards, taste, the disintegration time in vitro and evaluation method are the key factors that affect the industrialization, standardization of Chinese medicine ODT. Therefore, this paper reviewed the characteristics, preparation, taste masking technology and quality evaluation with new technology of ODT. Meantime, numerous application examples of ODT used in traditional Chinese medicine were described. We expect to provide the reference and utilization for the development of traditional Chinese medicine orally disinteeratine tablets.
Administration, Oral ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Solubility ; Tablets ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Taste

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of different composition structures of total paeony glycoside (TPG) component and total phenolic acid of Ligusticum chuanxiong ( TLPA) on sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4) -induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) hypoxic injury. The baseline geometric proportion was used to design different components structure. And then the best structure of components by cell injury model were optimized.

METHODA HUVEC hypoxic injury model was established by being induced of Na2S2O4. Cell viability was measured by MTI colorimetric method, intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase( LDH) levels, nitric oxide (NO) contents were measured by kits. At last, Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of two proteins, Bcl-2 and Bax.

RESULTCompared with the model group, TPG component, TLPA component at different composition structures can significantly increase SOD activity and decrease MDA, LDH, NO levels (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Paeoniae Radix Rubra and Chuanxiong Rhizoma components can downregulate the expression of Bax protein and upregulate the expression of Bcl-2 protein. The ratio of Bcl-2 and Bax was significantly increased (P < 0 01, P < 0 05), it means that cell apoptosis was inhibited. The results indicate that among all the component composition structures, TPG and TLPA component at the proportion of 8: 2 had the best protection on hypoxic injury of endothelial cells.

CONCLUSIONTPG component and TLPA component can resist HUVEC hypoxia injury, the protective effect was the most evident under the structure of 8: 2, which may be due to the inhibition of intracellular lipid peroxidation and cell apoptosis.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Glycosides ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hydroxybenzoates ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Hypoxia ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rhizome ; chemistry

Objective - ，，，，，- - - To establish a gas chromatographic method for the determination of trans 1 1 1 4 4 4 hexafluoro 2 ［ - （）］ Methods - （） butene HFO 1366mzz E in workplace air. HFO 1366mzz E in air was directly collected with aluminum foil ， ， ， composite plastic bag separated by dimethylpolysiloxane capillary column detected by flame ionization detector and Results - （） - 3， quantified with external standard method. The linear range of HFO 1366mzz E was 6.82 68 200.00 mg/m with the 3， correlation coefficient of 0.999 9. The detection limit and the lower limit of quantitation were 0.59 and 1.98 mg/m respectively. - - - The recovery rate was within 95.45% 103.05%. The relative standard deviation of within batch precision and between batch - - ， precision were 2.26% 5.07% and 4.09% 6.82% respectively. The samples can be stored at room temperature for at least seven Conclusion ， ， days. This method is simple to use with a wide linear range low detection limit high accuracy and precision and - （） good sample stability. It can be used for the detection of HFO 1366mzz E in the air of workplace

Objective:To investigate the expression status of Sonic Hedgehog signaling genes and molecules in human hepatocellular carcinomas(HCC),and to explore the relationship between these genes and clinical prognosis.Methods:HCC tissue and adjacent normal tissue from 29 HCC patients were assayed for the expression of hedgehog signaling genes by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction chain reaction(RT-PCR) techniques and for the expression of hedgehog signaling molecules by immunohistochemistry.The expressions of Shh,Ptch,Smoh,Gli-1 mRNA were assayed as well as Shh,Ptch proteins in 29 cases of HCC and in 29 liver tissues adjacent to the tumor.Results:Expression of Shh mRNA was detectable in about 51% of HCCs examined.Consistent with this,hedgehog target genes Ptch,Smoh and Gli-1 mRNA were expressed in over 68%,48% and 62% of the tumors,respectively,and the expressions of Shh and Ptch proteins in HCC tumor tissues correlated with those of Shh and Ptch mRNA in tumor tissues(P=0.041 and P=0.035).This suggested that the hedgehog pathway was frequently activated in HCCs.The simultaneous expression of Gli-1 in HCC and liver tissues adjacent to the tumor had significantly relationship with poor prognosis.Conclusion:Hedgehog signaling activation is an important event for development of human HCCs.It also suggests that markers for hedgehog signaling activation may be useful for the determination of prognosis.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of testosterone undecanoate (TU) in the treatment of late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) by meta-analysis.

METHODSWe searched Pubmed (until April 1, 2014), Embase (until March 28, 2014), Cochrane Library (until April 17, 2014), CBM (from January 1, 2001 to February 2, 2014), CNKI (from January 1, 2001 to February 2, 2014), Wanfang Database (from January 1, 2000 to February 2, 2014), and VIP Database (from January 1, 2000 to Febru ary 2, 2014) for randomized controlled trials of TU for the treatment of LOH. We evaluated the quality of the identified literature and performed meta-analysis on the included studies using the Rveman5. 2 software.

RESULTSTotally, 14 studies were included after screening, which involved 1 686 cases. Compared with the placebo and blank control groups, TU treatment significantly increased the levels of serum total testosterone (SMD = 6.22, 95% CI 3.99 to 8.45, P < 0.05) and serum free testosterone (SMD = 4.35, 95% CI 1.86 to 6. 85, P < 0.05) but decreased the contents of luteinizing hormone (WMD = -2.23, 95% CI -4.03 to -0.42, P < 0.05), sex hormone binding globulin (WMD = 2.00, 95% CI 1.38 to 2.63, P < 0.05). TU also remarkably reduced the scores of Partial Androgen Deficiency of the Aging Males (WMD = -9.49, 95% CI -12.96 to -6.03, P < 0.05) and Aging Males Symptoms rating scale (WMD = -2.76, 95% CI -4.85 to -0.66, P <0.05) but increased the hemoglobin level (SMD = 2.35, 95% CI 0.29 to 4.41, P < 0.05) and packed-cell volume (SMD = 4.35, 95% CI 1.36 to 7.33, P < 0.05). However, no significant changes were shown in aspertate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, prostate-specific antigen, or prostate volume after TU treatment (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTU could significantly increase the serum testosterone level and improve the clinical symptoms of LOH patients without inducing serious adverse reactions. However, due to the limited number and relatively low quality of the included studies, the above conclusion could be cautiously applied to clinical practice.

Androgens ; therapeutic use ; Hemoglobin A ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; blood ; drug therapy ; Luteinizing Hormone ; blood ; Male ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin ; metabolism ; Testosterone ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; pharmacology

Objective To elucidate whether and how injection site diversity influences on the sodium hyaluronate (HA) distribution on cartilage surface of the knee joint.Methods From September 2014 to December 2014, 32 human cadaveric knees were sorted from small to large based on femoral condyle width (FCW) and divided into group Ⅰ (n=16, odd number, the patella medial approach) and group Ⅱ (n=16, even number, injected through the medial joint line approach).Knees of both groups were interfused with a 5％ (mg: ml) methylene blue tracer.Each specimen was then simulated a 5°-45° alternating walking for 2 h in the Electro Force platform.Afterwards, all the knee cavities were cut open to examine the range of HA distribution.Based on the eight-zoning classification law for the knee cartilage surface, the coverage area of HA in each zone was scored and the characteristics of HA distribution was depicted, as well as HA zonal distribution diversity between groups were statistically analyzed.Results HA of both patella medial and medial joint line subgroups showed analogical distribution in all zones except the lateral tibial plateau at the time of FCW ≤ 7.0 cm.However, HA coverage through the patella medial approach showed significantly higher distribution scores in the patella zone and the femoral trochlear zone, but significant lower distribution scores in the antero-lateral/postero-lateral femoral condyle, the medial posterior femoral condyle zone and the lateral tibial plateau zone compared with medial joint line approach at the time of FCW ＞ 7.0 cm.Conclusion When delivered through different injection approaches, HA showed analogical distribution characteristics in most zones of the knee cavity in population with a small bodily shape (FCW ≤ 7.0cm), but significant diverse distribution characteristics in population with a big bodily shape (FCW ＞7.0 cm).When FCW ＞ 7.0cm, HA injected through the medial-patellar approach tended to be distributed mainly over the patella-femoral articulation and the anterior knee cavity, while HA injected through the joint line approach tended to be distributed mainly over the tibio-femoral articulation and the posterior knee cavity.

To evaluate the protective effects of intravitreal injection of cannabinoid HU - 211 for optic nerve in glaucoma rats, providing the experimental evidence in the treatment of glaucoma optic nerve injury.
●METHODS: Glaucoma rats (18 eyes) were modeled by electric coagulation sclera surface vein and randomized into 3 groups, group A received intravitreal injection of 1mg/ 0. 1mL cannabinoid HU - 211 every other day respectively; group B was given intravitreal injection of 0. 1mL water every other day, group C was high intraocular pressure (lOP) group, 6 eyes were randomly selected for blank control group ( group D). lOP was observed every day. The rats were sacrificed after treatment 4wk, froze retina section, HE stain. The density fluctuation of retinal ganglion cell ( RGC ) neurons assessment the optic nerve of rat model with chronic high lOP glaucoma were measured.
●RESULTS: The apoptosis and damage degree of RGC in group B was obviously higher than that in group A, with statistically significant difference (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in groups B and C (P >0. 05).
●CONCLUSlON: lntravitreal injection of cannabinoid HU-211 shows obvious protective effect on optic nerve in glaucom rat models.

Objective To compare the diagnostic value of high frequency ultrasound,mammography and breast blood-oxygen function imaging system in diagnosis of breast masses.Methods The images of 89 breast masses by high frequency ultrasound,mammography and breast blood-oxygen function imaging system were reviewed.The study compared the sensibilities and specificities of the three methods in the masses and analyzed their cause of missed diagnosis.Results The sensitivity of the diagnosis of breast cancer by high frequency ultrasound,mammography and breast blood-oxygen function imaging system were 80.00％,70.00％ and 50.00％,respectively.The specificity of the diagnosis of breast cancer by them were 94.94％,98.73％ and 97.47％,respectively.There were sigmfiacant differences in diagnosis of breast benign lesion among the high frequency ultrasound,mammography and breast blood-oxygen function imaging system.The sensitivity of high frequency ultrasound in detecting fibroadenoma of breast was 98.11％ higher than the other methods.Mammography was insensitive to the benign breast lesions,but its specificity was high.Conclusions High frequency ultrasound,mammography and breast blood-oxygen function imaging system are the highly effective diagnostic tool for breast cancer,but the diagnostic value of mammography and breast blood-oxygen in breast fibroadenoma and in cystic disease of breast aren' t high.Breast blood-oxygen function imaging system can enhance the accuracy of the diagnosis of mammary inflammation.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects of rosiglitazone on the synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) induced by high glucose in rat mesangial cells. Methods The mesangial cells were divided into six groups: control group ( C, 5.6 mmol/L glucose), mannitol group (M, 24.2 mmol/L mannitol+group C), high glucose group( H, 30 mmol/L glucose), R1 group(R1, group H+10 μmol/ L rosiglitazone), R2 group (R2, group H+20 μmol/L rosiglitazone), N-acetylcysteine (NAC) group (N, group H+5 mmol/L NAC, NAC was added 1 h before the stimulation of high glucose). The level of ROS was measured by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The mRNA and the protein expression of MCP-1 were semi-quantitatively determined with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and ELISA respectively. Results No significant differences of ROS and MCP-1 were found between control group and mannitol group. The intracellular ROS induced by high DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn. 1001-7097.2009.01.011glucose increased by 4.1-fold compared to control group (P<0.01), which was prevented by rosiglitazone (20 μmol/L) and NAC respectively. The MCP-1 mRNA expression in group R2 and group N was significantly lower than that in group H (P<0.01). The MCP-1 protein level in group H [(940.9±20.3) ng/L] was higher than that in group C [(403.0±8.1) ng/L] (P<0.01), and the expression of MCP-1 protein in group R2 [(562.5±15.3) ng/L] and group N [(539.8±8.3) ng/L] was lower than that in group H (P<0.01). Conclusion Rosiglitazone may suppress high glucose-induced MCP-1 expression by reducing the level of ROS, which may be one of the mechanisms that rosiglitazone plays a direct role in the protection of kidney.