Objective To study P-glycoprotein(P-gp),the mdr-1 gene product,expression and response to pirarubicin containing regimen in recurrent and metastatic breast carcinoma.Methods P-gp expression in 40 postoperative patients with recurrent and metastatic breast carcinoma was detected by SABC immunohistochemical method.The patients were treated with combination regimen of cyclophosphamide,pirarubicin and 5-fluorouracil.The correlation between P-gp expression and chemotherapeutic response was analyzed.Results The positive rate of P-gp expression in patients with lung or liver metastasis was higher than that in skin or lymphnode metastasis(P=0.049);The overall response rate was 52.5% in 40 patients;The responserate 84.2% of the P-gp negative group was higher than that 33.3% of the P-gp positive group(P

Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Hydroxylamine ; toxicity ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spermatozoa ; drug effects ; Testis ; cytology ; drug effects

AIM:To compare the therapeutic effect，adverse reactions and the costs between GM-CSF and G-CSF in treating leucopenia in chemotherapy of cancer.METHODS:Using pharmacoeconomic cost-effectiveness analysis，GM-CSF was compared with G-CSF in treatment of leucopenia in chemotherapy of cancer.RESULTS:The effective rate of GM-CSF was 80％ with an average cost of 1 008 yuan in a therapeutic course，the cost-effective ratio being12.6，and that of G-CSF was 85.7％ with an average cost of 2 304 yuan，the cost-effective ratio being 26.88.CONCLUSION:GM-CSF can effectively treat leucopenia in chemotherapy of cancer，and its cost-effective ratio ia superior to that of G-CSF.GM-CSF is worthy to be used clinically.

ObjectiveTo observe the expression of Caspase-3 mRNA in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of chronic stress-induced depression rats,and to detect the machnisms of antidepression by electro-acupuncture.MethodsSprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group,model group,model +electro-acupuncture group and model + paroxetine group,12 rats in each group.Open-field test was used to observe the changes of movements,and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) method was used to detect Caspase-3 mRNA levels in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.Results ①Open-field test:after stress,compared with control group rats,the model group rats' crossing numbers (29 ± 7),rearing times (6 ± 2) were apparently less than those of control group( (66 ± 13),( 10 ±2) ; P＜0.05,P＞0.05).In comparison with model group,the crossing times and rearing times being increasing in degree in electro-acupuncture group( (61 ±9),( 13 ±1 ) ) and paroxetine group( (39 ± 10),(8 ± 1 ),P＜0.01,P＞0.05).② Compared with the control group,Caspase-3 mRNA in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus significantly increased in model group(P ＜0.05 ) ;and compared with model group,Caspase-3 mRNA in prefrontal cortex in electro-acupuncture group and paroxetine group significantly decreased(P ＜ 0.05 ),and both expression of Caspase-3 mRNA in hippocampus in electro-acupuncture group and expression of Caspase-3 mRNA in hippocampus in paroxetine group decreased (P ＞ 0.05 ).ConclusionChronic stress can increase the expression of Caspase-3 mRNA in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of chronic stress-induced depression rats,while electro-acupuncture can decrease the expression of caspase-3 mRNA,which may be an important way to anti-depression by electro-acupuncture.

Objective To study the clinic effects and safety of budesonide suspension combined with tubertaline solution for nebulization therapy on infantile asthma.Methods Seventy-five cases with asthma were divided into 3 groups randomly,double-blinded and controlled,each group having 25 cases.Group A inhaling tubertaline solution(bricanyl),while group B inhaling pulmicort respules combined with bricanyl,group C inhaling budesonide suspension(pulmicort respules)only.Results In group A,16 cases was cure,3 cases was markedly improved,6 cases was failure,the total efficacy rate was 76 percent.In group B,22 cases was cure,2 cases was markedly improved,1 case failed,the total efficacy rate was 96 percent.While in group C,14 cases was cure,4 cases was markedly improved,7 cases failed,the total efficacy rate was 72 percent.The difference of efficacy rate between group A and group B was significant(P0.05).Conclusion Pulmicort respules combined with bricanyl for nebulising inhalation is effective and safety on infantile asthma and its effect is better than inhaling bude-sonide or tubertaline only.

Corneal endothelial cell(CEC)is the most critical part for the cornea, of which activity can influence the postoperative vision.It is very important for the clinical cornea preservation considering the function and its self-purification of donor cornea.There are a variety of classical methods, which can significantly prolong the saving time of donor cornea with its good quality of CEC.We reviewed the published papers about present preservation methods of cornea, which can give us many suggestions for the clinical cornea preservation.

BACKGROUND:Lumbar spinal stenosis is clinical repaired with decompression, bone fusion and internal fixation, and different internal fixation materials can be chosen during the surgery. OBJECTIVE:To explore the influence of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) pedicle screw fixation combined with interbody fusion on the bone fusion rate of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. METHODS:A retrospective analysis was performed in 63 cases of lumbar spinal stenosis undergoing decompression and interbody fusion. These patients were divided into control group (titanium internal fixation system,n=31) and experimental group (PEEK pedicle internal fixation system,n=32) according the internal fixation materials folowed by posterior spinal decompression with interbody fusion. The Oswestry dysfunction index scores before and 4, 12, 24 weeks postoperatively and bone fusion rates at 4, 12, 24 weeks postoperatively were compared between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Oswestry dysfunction index scores showed a gradual decline in both two groups before and 4, 12 and 24 weeks after treatment, but there was no difference at different time (P > 0.05). At 4 and 24 weeks after treatment, there was no difference in the bone fusion rates between the two groups (P > 0.05), but at 12 weeks after treatment, the bone fusion rate in the experimental group was better than that in the control group (P < 0.05). During the surgery, no infection and other adverse events occurred in the two groups. These results indicate that both PEEK and titanium internal fixation systems for lumbar tube stenosis have obtained good results, but PEEK material has a better role in the bone fusion at 4-12 weeks after internal fixation.

ObjectiveTo find specific biomarkers related to HAART treatment in plasma samples of AIDS patients for clinical therapeautic efficacy evaluation and guidance for the prognosis of HIV treatment.MethodPlasma samples of AIDS patients were collected from Infectious Disease Department 1 of Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center in June of 2008 to February of 2009,including 11 successfully HAART treated cases (HIV load ＞ 50 copies/ml) and 11 unsuccessfully HAART treated cases (HIV load ＜50 copies/ml).Patients' age ranged from 22 to 63.Plasma samples were treated by Bio-rad AurumTM Serum Protein Mini Kit to remove high abundant proteins:albumin and immunoglobulin were removed.The treatedplasmaproteinswereseparatedbytwo-dimensionalelectrophoresisandanalyzedby electrophoretogram using Imagemaster software to find differentially-expressed proteins related to therapeutic efficacy.After digestion by trypsin,the differentially-expressed proteins were identified by online reversed-phasenano-flow liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry.ResultsLow abundant proteins were efficiently enriched after the AurumTM Serum Protein Mini Kit treatment.Six differentially-expressed proteins were detected while comparing successfully and unsuccessfully HAART treated group.These proteins were accurately identified by tandem Mass spectrometry (MS), including serum transferrin, serum β-fibrinogen, etc.ConclusionsOur proteomic research revealed that the differentially-expressed proteins such as transferrin,which is related to plasma virus loading in AIDS patients in the process of treatment,might be potential biomarkers evaluating HAART therapeutic efficacy.

Objective To investigate human plasma glycoproteomie changes related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection,and to identify glycoproteins with potential anti-HIV activity or anti-HIV drug targets. Methods Plasma proteins with lower abundance were enriched through affinity purification to remove albumin and IgG in clinical samples (HIV-positive patient, n= 10, and healthy controls, n= 20). Proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and stained by Pro-Q emerald glycoprotein stain kits. The 2-DE image was analyzed by ImageMaster software to find differential glycoproteins. Furthermore, the depleted HIV-positive and healthy control plasma proteins were digested by PNGase F. Glycoproteins were deglycoliszed, separated by 2-DE and analyzed by ImageMaster software. Differential glycoproteins were identified by liquid chromatography combined with high capacity ion trap mass spectrometry (HCT). Results The pretreatment of HIV-positive plasma prior to 2-DE could efficiently remove the high aboundant albumin and IgG in plasma and improve the detection of proteins with low-abundance. High revolution 2-DE gel images of glycoproteins from HIV positive and healthy control plasma samples were obtained. Glycoproteins were successfully deglycolized through PNGase F treatment. Thirteen differential glycoproteins were identified by liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. These proteins included alphalantitrypsin precursor and serine/threonine-protein kinase N1. Conclusions Potential HIV infection related proteins,such as alphal-antitrypsin precursor are successfully identified. Our study may offer some help to understand the molecular mechanism of HIV infection and select new drug targets for preventing HIV infection.

Objective To investigate the effect of gender differences in distal femoral geometry on the clinical outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods From March 2003 to October 2006, 213 cases with 294 osteoarthritic knees who had underwent primary TKA were involved in the study. The study included 87 men (118 knees) and 126 women (176 knees) who had a mean age of 64.4 years. All the cases were assessed with the knee-rating system of Knee Society, the knee range of flexion (ROF), corrected posterior offset (PCO) and anterior condylar offset (ACO) based on sex. Results Each patient had a Minimum of 2 years follow-up. The preoperative Knee Society scores and ROF, the two-year postoperative changes of stability scores and walking ability had no differences between the two groups. While greater improvements of postoperative pain scores and stair-climbing ability were seen in male. Men had better intraoperative ROF than women had ones, but there were no gender differences with regard to the two-year postoperative improvement of ROF. Corrected PCO decreased more markedly in female than in male. Corrected ACO decreased equally in female and male. The difference in the posterior condylar offset after TKA was statistically correlated with the change in pain scores, stair climbing ability and intraoperative ROF, respectively. Conclusion Male had a better outcome than female did after TKA. Femoral components which designed in the light of Caucasian anatomic characteristics couldn't match the native anatomy of distal femurs of Chinese female. Sexual dimorphism in humans and anatomic variations in various ethnic groups should be seriously considered in total knee prosthesis design.